MARPOL Annex VI - TRACECA ORG
MARPOL Annex VIRegulations –Prevention of AirPollution from ShipsChapters 1 - 3Masao YamasakiTRACECA Regional Seminar on MARPOLAwareness and ImplementationMarine Environment Division, IMOMoldova – 21 to 23 July 2015
MARPOL Annex VIRegulations – Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships– Contents –1. Introduction2. MARPOL Annex VI overview3. Chapter 1 – Regulations – General4. Chapter 2 – Regulations – Survey / Certification5. Chapter 3 – Regulations – Requirements6. MEPC 68 - Other MARPOL Annex VI related matters7. On-shore power supply (OPS)2
1. Introduction3
IntroductionAir emissions from combustion of fuelsEnergy use is the major source of man-made air emissions4
IntroductionShipping air emissions and its impacts5Source: IMO 2nd GHG study 2009
IntroductionOverall consequences and solutions Consequences: Damage to environment and eco-system Damage to agriculture and properties Damage to human health Additional cost to society and individuals (healthcare, accidents, etc.) Solutions (mitigation aspects): Either to reduce the air emissions (Technical and operationalmeasures); or Pay for the associated costs (market based measures); or A combination of the above two Mechanisms: Regulations (on technical and operational measures) Market-Based Measures (MBM)6
2. MARPOL Annex VIoverview7
MARPOL Annex VI - Overview MARPOL Annex VI: 1997 Protocol adopted in 1997Entered into force on 19 May 2005 Revisions of Annex VI: Adopted in October 2008Entered into force on 1 July 2010 Chapter 4 on Energy Efficiency Adopted in July 2011Entered into force on 1 January 2013 Number of Contracting States: 83 The combined merchant fleets of which constitute approximately95.32% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant fleet8
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewNEWEnergyEfficiency9
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewMARPOL Annex VI – Regulations –Chapter 1 – GeneralApplicationsDefinitionsExceptions and exemptionsEquivalentsReg.1Reg.2Reg.3Reg.4Chapter 2 – Survey, certification and means of controlSurveysIssue or endorsement of CertificateIssue of a Certificate by another PartyForm of CertificatesDuration and validity of CertificatesPort State control on operational requirementsDetection of violations and enforcement10Reg.5Reg.6Reg.7Reg.8Reg.9Reg.10Reg.11
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewMARPOL Annex VI – Regulations –Chapter 3 – Requirements for control of emissions from shipsOzone-depleting substancesNitrogen oxides (NOX)Sulphur oxides (SOX) and particular matterVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)Shipboard incinerationReception facilitiesFuel oil availability and 8
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewMARPOL Annex VI – Regulations –Chapter 4 – Regulations on energy efficiency for shipsApplicationReg.19Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)Reg.20Required EEDIReg.21Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)Reg.22Technical co-operation and technology transferReg.2312
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewMARPOL Annex VI – Regulations –Chapter 5 – Verification of compliance with the provisions ofMARPOL Annex VI(within IMO Member States Audit Scheme)Application of III CodeVerification of compliance to III CodeReg.24Reg.25III Code: IMO Instruments Implementation Code (A.1070(28))13
MARPOL Annex VI - OverviewMARPOL Annex VI – Regulations –Appendices to MARPOL Annex VIForm of IAPP CertificateAppendix ITest cycles and weighting factorAppendix IICriteria and procedures for designation ofEmission Control Areas (ECAs)Appendix IIIType approval and operational limits forshipboard incineratorsAppendix IVInformation to be included in the BunkerDelivery Note (BDN)Appendix VFuel verification procedure for MARPOL Annex VIfuel oil sampleAppendix VIEmission Control Areas (ECAs)Appendix VIIForm of IEE CertificateAppendix VIII14
3. MARPOL Annex VIChapter 1– General –15
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 1 – GeneralRegulation 1 – Application The provisions of this Annex shall apply to all ships, exceptwhere expressly provided otherwise in Regulations 3, 5, 6, 13,15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 of this Annex.ApplicationDoes not applyAll Ships When suffering damage to ship or equipmentWhen saving life at seaWhen securing safety of shipShip trials for research, emissions from sea bed16
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 1 – GeneralRegulation 2 – DefinitionsTypical terms that are defined: Emission control area means an area where the adoption of special mandatorymeasures . is required to control NOx or SOx and particulate matter or all threetypes of emissions . Fuel oil means any fuel delivered to and intended for combustion includinggas, distillate and residual fuels NOx Technical Code means the Technical Code on Control of Emission ofNitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines . . Ozone-depleting substances means controlled substances defined inparagraph (4) of article 1 of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Depletethe Ozone Layer, 1987, listed in Annexes A, B, C or E to the said Protocol Marine diesel engine means any reciprocating internal combustion engineoperating on liquid or dual fuel . In addition, a gas fuelled engine installed on aship constructed on or after 1 March 2016 17
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 1 – GeneralRegulation 3 – Exceptions and ExemptionsGeneral1. Regulations of this Annex shall not apply to:.1 any emission necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a shipor saving life at sea; or.2 any emission resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment:.2.1 provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after theoccurrence of the damage ; and.2.2 except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to causedamage, or .Trials for Ship Emission Reduction and Control Technology ResearchEmissions from Sea-bed Mineral Activities3.1 Emissions directly arising from the exploration, exploitation and associatedoffshore processing of sea-bed mineral resources18
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 1 – GeneralRegulation 4 – Equivalents The Administration of a Party may allow any fitting, material,appliance or apparatus to be fitted in a ship or other procedures,alternative fuel oils, or compliance methods used as analternative to that required by MARPOL Annex VI, if such fitting,etc. are at least as effective in terms of emissions reductions asthat required by Annex VI. The Administration of a Party that allows the equivalent shallcommunicate to the IMO for circulation to the Parties. Notifications from Parties are available through the IMOGlobal Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS)http://gisis.imo.org/Public/19
20
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MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 1 – GeneralRegulation 4 – Equivalents The Administration of a Party should take into account anyrelevant guidelines developed by the IMO* pertaining to theequivalent.* 2015 Guidelines for exhaust gas cleaning systems (resolution MEPC.259(68))(2009 Guidelines (MEPC.184(59)) wereupdated by MEPC 68)22
4. MARPOL Annex VIChapter 2– Survey / Certification –23
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 5 – Surveys Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be subject tothe following surveys: An initial survey (during construction); An annual survey; An intermediate survey; A renewal survey; and An additional survey By Administration (ship’s flag State) The Administration may entrust the surveys to a recognizedorganizations (such as, classification societies)24
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 6 – Issue or Endorsement of Certificate1. An International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate shall beissued, after an initial or renewal survey ., to:.1. any ship of 400 gross tonnage and above engaged in voyagesto ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of otherParties; and.2. platforms and drilling rigs engaged in voyages to waters underthe sovereignty or jurisdiction of other Parties.2. A ship constructed before the date of entry into force of Annex VIshall be issued with an IAPP Certificate in accordance withparagraph 1 of this regulation no later than the first scheduled drydocking after the date of such entry into force, but in no case laterthan three years after this date.3. .25
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationSurvey and certification summary All ships of 400 gross tonnage Fixed or floating platforms (drillingrigs) Floating craft and submersiblesInternational AirPollution Prevention(IAPP) Certificate Ships constructed before date ofentry into force of Annex VI for nonParties. Comply by 1st scheduled dry-dockbut no later than 3 years after entryinto force.26Subject to Initial,Periodic (renewal) andIntermediate surveys
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 7 – Issue of a Certificate by another Party1. A Party may, at the request of the Administration, survey a shipand, , shall issue or authorize the issuance of an IAPPCertificate .2.A copy of certificate and a copy of the survey report shall betransmitted to the requesting Administration.3.A certificate so issued shall contain a statement to the effect that ithas been issued at the request of the Administration and it shallhave the same force .4.No IAPP Certificate shall be issued to a ship which is entitled to flythe flag of a State which is not a Party.27
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 8 – Form of CertificatesThe IAPP Certificate shall be drawn up in a form corresponding to themodel given in appendix I to this Annex .28
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 9 – Duration and Validity of Certificate1. An IAPP Certificate shall be issued for a period specified by the Administration,which shall not exceed five years.2. Renewal of the certificate:.1. when the renewal survey is completed within three months before the expirydate, the new certificate shall be valid . to a date not exceeding five yearsfrom the date of expiry of the existing certificate;.2. when the renewal survey is completed after the expiry date of the existingcertificate, the new certificate shall be valid from the date of the renewal surveyto a date not exceeding five years from expiry date of existing one.3. when the renewal survey is completed more than three months before theexpiry date of the existing certificate, the new certificate shall be valid from thedate of completion of the renewal survey to a date not exceeding five yearsfrom the date of completion of the renewal survey.4. If a renewal survey has been completed and a new certificate cannot be issued before the expiry date of the existing one, the person or organizationauthorized by the Administration may endorse the existing certificate 29
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 10 – Port State Control on Operational Requirements1. A ship, when in a port or an offshore terminal under the jurisdictionof another Party, is subject to inspection by officers duly authorizedby such Party where there are clear grounds for believing thatthe master or crew are not familiar with essential shipboardprocedures relating to prevention of pollution from ships.2. ., the Party shall take such steps as to ensure that the ship shall notsail until the situation has been brought to order in accordancewith the requirements of this Annex.3. .30
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 2 – Survey/CertificationRegulation 11 – Detection of Violations and Enforcement1.Parties shall co-operate in the detection of violations and the enforcementof the provisions of this Annex .2.A ship to which this Annex applies may, in any port or offshore terminal ofa Party, be subject to inspection by officers appointed or authorized bythat Party 3.Any Party shall furnish to the Administration evidence, if any, that the shiphas emitted any of the substances covered by this Annex in violation ofthe provisions of this Annex.4.Upon receiving such evidence, the Administration so informed shallinvestigate the matter that sufficient evidence is available to enableproceedings to be brought in respect of the alleged violation, it shall causesuch proceedings to be taken in accordance with its law as soon aspossible.And other aspects .31
5. MARPOL Annex VIChapter 3– Requirements for Controlof Emission from Ships –32
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 12Ozone-DepletingSubstances (ODS)33
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)What is the ozone layer and ozone hole? Ozone depletion describes a steady declineof total volume of ozone in Earth’sstratosphere (the ozone layer). A much larger spring-time decrease instratospheric ozone over poles areobserved in recent decades (ozone hole). The primary cause of ozone depletion is thepresence of chlorine-containing gases. In the presence of ultra-violet (UV) light,these gases dissociate, releasing chlorineatoms, which then go on to catalyse ozonedestruction.34
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Consequences of ozone depletion? Since the ozone layer absorbs UV light from the sun, ozone layerdepletion is expected to increase surface UV light levels, whichcould lead to increase in skin cancer. Decreases in atmospheric ozone are well-tied to CFCs (Industrialname Freons). Montreal Protocol aims to reduce the level of ODS in atmosphere. Refrigeration systems traditionally has been using CFCs as theirworking fluids.35
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)ODS in ships: Refrigerated vessels Carry fresh food (vegetable, fruit,frozen meats and fresh fish, etc.) Load and transport cargos separately Transportation temperature is differentSuper Low Temp.（-30 -60 ）Tuna etc.Low Temp.（-30 and more）Beef, Chicken, Pork,Primary processing food etc.Chilled（0 -4 ）Orange, Apple, Pineapple,Spinach, Cauliflower, Onion, etc.0 and more（0 15 ）Lemon、Potato、.etc.（ 12 14 ）Banana etc.36
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Refrigerated Machine Room・Refrigeration PlantCooler Room37
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)ODS related regulations Montreal Protocol Considers the production phase-out of ODS – 99% effective IMO, MARPOL Annex VI (regulation 12) Covers control of ODS for international shipping EC Regulation No. 2037/2000 Covers ODS, their use and also emission control (recovery) Updated and recast as EC Regulation No. 1005/2009 Kyoto Protocol Applicable to HFCs and PFCs Flag/Port State requirements38
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 12 – Ozone-depleting substances Does not apply to permanently sealed equipment where thereare no refrigerant charging connections or potentially removablecomponents containing ODS Any deliberate emissions of ODS shall be prohibited Installations that contain ODS shall be prohibited(other than hydrochlorofluorocarbons): on ships constructed from 19 May 2005 Installations that contain hydrochlorofluorocarbons shall beprohibited: on ships constructed from 1 January 202039
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 2 – Definitions Ozone-depleting substances means controlled substancesdefined paragraph (4) of article 1 of the Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Depleting the Ozone Layer, 1978, listed inAnnex A, B, C or E to the said Protocol in force at the time ofapplication or interpretation of MARPOL Annex VI Ozone-depleting substances that may be found on board shipinclude, but are not limited to:Halon 1211CFC-11CFC-114Halon 1301CFC-12CFC-115Halon 2402CFC-11340
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 12 – Ozone-depleting substances Maintain a list of equipment containing ODS(Supplement to International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate)41
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 12 – Ozone-depleting substances Maintain an Ozone-depleting substances record book Recharge, repair, maintenance or supply of ODS Discharge of ODS (deliberate / non-deliberate) to atmosphere /land based reception facilitiesSource: ClassNK42
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 12 – Ozone-depleting substances ODS and equipment containing ODS shall be delivered toappropriate reception facilities (Regulation 17) when removedfrom shipsRegulation 17 – Reception facilities Each Party undertakes to ensure the provision of facilitiesadequate to meet the need of ships using its ports, terminals orrepair ports for the reception of ODS and equipment containingODS when removed from ships Information on reception facilities is available through theIMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS)http://gisis.imo.org/Public/43
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Regulation 12 – Ozone-depleting substancesExpected impacts? Reduction in deliberate releases and additional use of equipment toprevent such releases. Phase out of CFC and HCFC refrigerants. Move to alternative refrigerant types: Natural substances – carbon dioxide, ammonia, propane andcyclo-pentane Possible safety considerations, toxicity, flammability Promotion of alternative refrigeration technologies: e.g. Pumping heatelectrically using Peltier effect (thermoelectric type).44
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.12 (ODS)Operational issues IMO considers and prepares technical information, asappropriate: MSC-MEPC.1/Circ.3 “Decreasing availability of halons for marineuse” (June 2008) MEPC 64/INF.10 Lloyds Register report “Study on the treatmentof ODS used to service ships” (July -10.pdf45
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 13Nitrogen oxides (NOx)46
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)What is NOx NOx refer to oxides of nitrogen including NO2 and NO. NOx is formed in the process of combustion of fuels where O2 and N2are meeting at high temperature. The higher the temperature, the more NOx is formed. In engines, the higher the temperature, the more efficient the engineis; thus more NOx produced. Marine engines are most efficient engines and also produce highestNOx compared to other types of engines and combustion systems. NOx from other sources (e.g. boilers) are relatively small.47
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Impact of NOx NOx is a reactive gas, at the presence of sunlight. Causes health problem; in particular on respiratory system. NOx together with VOC and other reacting gases in the atmosphere,could lead to smog (smoky fog) phenomenon. Additionally, NOx contributes to global warming and acid rain.Photochemical smog is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and VOC in theatmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone48
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Methods of engine's NOx reduction There are a number of NOx reduction methods for enginesLean burn,low temperaturecombustion.Other Water in fuelemulsions Humid Air Manifold orwater injection Miller cycle: Valvetiming Low NOx combustionLNGNOxReductionOptionsSCRLower combustiontemperature due togas recirculation(mainly CO2)EGR49 Use of a reductionagents Uses a catalyst Converts NOx backto N2
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - ApplicationApplies toMarinedieselengineswith a poweroutput morethan 130 kWinstalled on a shipconstructed on or after1st January 2000Applies toMarinedieselengineswith a poweroutput morethan 130 kWwhich undergo a majorconversion on or after1st January 2000 Emergency marine diesel engines Marine diesel engines installed on lifeboatsNot applicable to Any device or equipment intended to be usedsolely in case of emergency Engines on ships only engaged in domesticvoyages can be made subject to alternative NOxcontrol measure or exempted if pre-19 May 200550
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx) – Emission limitsTier I - Ships constructed 1 Jan 2000 to 31 Dec 2010*Tier II - Ships constructed 1 Jan 2011 to 31 Dec 2015Tier III - Ships constructed 1 Jan 2016 onwards when operating within NOx ECA*NOx limit in original Annex VITiern 130 rpm130 n 2000 rpmn 2000 rpmI17.0 g/kWh45.0*n(-0.2) g/kWh9.8 g/kWhII14.4 g/kWh44.0*n(-0.2) g/kWh7.7 g/kWhIII3.4. g/kWh9.0*n(-0.2) g/kWh2.0 g/kWhn rated engine speed – crankshaft rpm51
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)NOx emission limit (g/kWh)Regulation 13 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx) – Emission limitsTier I- Constructed on orafter 1 Jan. 200020% reduction80% reductionTier II- Constructed on orafter 1 Jan. 2011Tier III*- Constructed on orafter 1 Jan. 2016- Applied in ECAs- Tier II appliedoutside of ECAsRated engine speed (rpm)* For a ship operating within North American ECA and US Caribbean Sea Area ECA52
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Emission Control Areas (ECAs)North American ECAU.S. Caribbean ECASource: ClassNK53
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx) – Tier III in ECA Tier III – For ships built after January 1, 2016 when operating in NorthAmerica ECA and U.S. Caribbean ECA Applicable ships for future ECA-NOx: “for ships constructed on or after the date of adoption of such anECA-NOx, or a later date as specified in the adoption decision ” For meeting stringent Tier III NOx emission limits, NOx reductiondevices are expected to be used. If engines certified only to Tier II, can use NOx reduction device inECA. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system is one such device.54
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Approved Method for pre-2000 engines Ships constructed - 1 Jan 1990 to 31 Dec 1999:Required to fit an “approved method” to enable the engine to meetTier I limits.IMO to be notified of approved methodThe approved method to be installed at firstrenewal survey 12 months after IMO notifiedthe “method” is approved.55
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Approved Method for pre-2000 engines Applicable to the following engines: Power output 5,000 kW Per cylinder displacement 90 litres Installed on ships 1 Jan 1990, and 1 January 2000 Emission Standards – Tier I by using “Approved Method” (AM) when certified & IMO notified; or Engines certified as Tier I Related guidelines: 2014 Guidelines on the approved method process (resolution MEPC.243(66))2014 Guidelines in respect of the information to be submitted by anAdministration to the organization covering the certification of an approvedmethod as required under regulation 13.7.1 of MARPOL Annex VI56(resolution MEPC.242(66))
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Approved Method for pre-2000 engines MEPC.1/Circ.764Date of Notification:Maker & Model:MCR per cylinder:Rated speed:Approved Method No.:11 Aug 2011MAN B&W 570MC2,250 to 2,810 (kW/cyl)81 to 91 rpm29484-11 HH MEPC.1/Circ.765Date of Notification:Maker & Model:MCR per cylinder :Rated speed:Approved Method No.:11 Aug 2011MAN B&W 550MC1,160 to 1,430 (kW/cyl)114 to 127 rpm28470-11 HH57
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Approved Method for pre-2000 engines MEPC.1/Circ.743Date of Notification:Maker:Model:Description of AM:Approved Method No.:4 Feb 2011WartsilaRTA52, RTA52U, RTA58T, RTA62,RTA62U, RTA72, RTA72U, RTA84C,RTA84CU, RTA84M, RTA84T-B, RTA96CNOx-optimized injection timing20347-10 HH List of ships with the above engines installed is provided in this circular58
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.13 (NOx)Regulation 13 – NOx – Engine certification Test bed exhaust emission measurement. NOx Technical File Information on components, settings, operating values & adjustmentsto maintain NOx emissions within allowable limits. Issue of Engine International Air Pollution Prevention (EIAPP) certificate orstatement of compliance Issued for applicable engines Valid for the engines life (unless major conversion)59
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsNTC 2008Appendix IIFlowcharts forsurvey andcertification ofmarine dieselenginesFigure 1 – Pre-certification survey at the manufacturer’s facility60
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsNTC 2008Appendix IIFlowcharts forsurvey andcertification ofmarine dieselenginesFigure 2 – Initial survey on board a ship61
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsNTC 2008Appendix IIFlowcharts forsurvey andcertification ofmarine dieselenginesFigure 3 – Renewal, annual or intermediate survey on board a ship62
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 13 – NOx – Onboard NOx Verification Methods Engine Parameter check methodCheck engine components, settings and operating values againstNOx Technical File. Simplified Measurement methodConfirmation test of NOx emissions to be within the limits ofrespective emissions measured on the test bed. Direct Measurement and Monitoring methodDirect measurement of the exhaust flow by flow nozzle orequivalent metering system; difficulties in terms of direct gaseousflow measurement; potential errors.So far, only “engine parameter check method” is used63
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 13 – NOx –Equivalents and alternative methods of compliance Exhaust after treatment systems e.g. SCR - Selective CatalyticReduction. MEPC.198(62) is applicable to engines with SCR for complying toReg. 13 with detailed guidance on testing, survey, pre-certification,and approval of engine/SCR Other equivalent method approved by the Administration for NOxemission reduction e.g. exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). “Approved methods” for pre-2000 engines.64
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 14Sulphur oxides (SOx) andParticulate Matter65
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)How SOx is produced and what is its impact? SOx is normally SO2 and to some extent SO3. SOx is produced from oxidation of fuel sulphur. S O2 SO2 1/2O2 SO3 SOx causes: (1) Acid rain (2) Sea and soil acidification and (3)Human health issue PM (Particulate Mater) is produced due to non-complete combustionof fuel. Level of PM is dependent on fuel sulphur level. Reduction of fuel sulphur will reduce SOx but also PM.66
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)Regulation 14 – Sulphur oxides (SOX) and particular matter01/01/2012Fuel oil sulphur %01/01/2020 4.50%01/01/2025 3.50%01/07/2010Non-ECA01/01/2015 1.50%Review completionby 2018 1.00% 0.50%ECA 0.10%Time67
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)IMO Designated Emission Control Areas (ECAs)North American ECA(Effected from 01/08/2012)North Sea and Baltic Sea ECAsSource: ClassNKU.S. Caribbean ECA(Effected from 01/01/2014)68
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)Appendix III – Criteria and procedures for designation ofEmission Control Areas (ECAs)1. Objective NOX, SOX and particular matter, or all three types of emissions2. Process for the designation of ECAs A proposal to designate ECA should be submitted to IMO (by Parties)3. Criteria for designation of an ECA The proposal shall include: a clear delineation, the type emission(s),impacts of ship emissions, etc.4. Procedures for the assessment and adoption of ECAs IMO shall consider each proposal and an ECA shall be designated bymeans of an amendments to MARPOL Annex VI5. Operation of ECAs69
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)Regulation 14 – Sulphur oxides (SOX) and particular matter Review provision (Regulation 14.8)A review of the standard set forth in regulation 14.3 (0.50% Sulphurlimit) shall be completed by 2018 to determine the availability of fueloil to comply with the fuel oil standard set forth in that regulationand shall take into account the following elements:.1 the global market supply and demand for fuel oil to comply withregulation 14.3 that exist at the time that the review is conducted;.2 an analysis of the trends in fuel oil markets; and.3 any other relevant issue. IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)approved Terms of Reference for the assessment of fuel oilavailability review (May 2015).70
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)Fuel oil Availability Review – Assessment for 2020 sulphur limit MEPC 68 decided to set up a Steering Group to conduct a wideranging study on the subject. An international tender will choose relevant consultants to do thisstudy. The study, inter alia, will include the following aspects Geographical fuel availability Both refinery and shipping industry should be represented Demand modelling: To estimate the volume of compliant fueloil required in 2020 Supply modelling: Mainly refinery sales and capacities for allmajor refinery units and for the regions to be modelled. Study will be presented to MEPC 70 (Autumn 2016).71
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.14 (SOx)ECA Operation – Compliance and fuel change over procedures Dominant option: use of 2 separate fuels on-board, i.e. LS andHS fuel oils. For this compliance option (Reg. 14.6): Ships entering or leaving an ECA shall carry a written procedure(e.g. fuel change-over plan). The plan should show how the fuel oil change-over is to be doneensuring not any HS fuel is left in the system upon entry into ECA. The volume of LS fuel oils in each tank as well as the date, time,and position of the ship when entering or leaving shall be recordedin such log-book as prescribed by the Administration. Other options: LNG as fuel, SOx scrubbers, other alternativefuels72
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – RequirementsRegulation 15Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOC)73
MARPOL Annex VI – Chapter 3 – Reg.15 (VOC)What is VOC and its impact? Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are the lighter parts of crude oil ortheir products that vapourise during the ship loading process. VOCs are chemicals that are primarily dangerous to human health.They also cause harm
10 MARPOL Annex VI –Regulations – Chapter 1 –General Applications Reg.1 Definitions Reg.2 Exceptions and exemptions Reg.3 Equivalents Reg.4 Chapter 2 –Survey, certification and means of contro
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