Inspection And Testing Guidelines 2.2 - EWA
TTechnnical Exppert too devvelopp gridcoonnecctionn guiddelinnes andstanndardds foor thee Kingdomm ofBahrainInspection annd Testinng Guiddelinesfor DistribuDuted Solaar PV PlantsDraft 2.2OOctober 2017www.ewa.bhh
Tabble of conttents1SCOOPE . 62Forreword . 8342.1Referencee documentss . 82.2Terms andd definitions . 8Saffety issues . 113.1Foreword . 113.2nd safety meeasures . 11Hazards an3.3Informatioon from Appplicant aboutt Specific Rissks on‐site and Safety MMeasures . 13Sysstem docummentation requiremenrts . 144.1Preface . 144.2All Solar PVP plants . 4.3.74.44.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.44.4.54.4.64.556Basic sysstem informattion. 14System designerdinformation . 14System installer informmation. 14Solar PV plantspup to 111 kW . 15Wiring diagram . 15Planimettry and String layout . 16Datasheeets . 16Mechaniical design infformation . 16Emergenncy systems . 16Shading diagram . 16Esteem ofo the yearly energyeproducction . 16Solar PV plantspabove 11 kW . 16Technicaal report . 16Wiring diagram . 19Planimettry and String layout . 20Datasheeets . 20Mechaniical design infformation . 21Emergenncy systems . 21Operationn and mainteenance inforrmation . 21Meechanical Innspection – Solar PV pllants 100 kW . 225.1Overview . 225.2o the solar PPV plant . 22General Assessment of5.3Civil Workks . 225.4Support Sttructures . 235.5Photovoltaic Moduless . 23Tesst without InterconnecIction . 24Page 2
6.1Overview . 246.1.16.1.26.1.36.1.4General . 24Compliannce to the Reggulations for EElectrical Instaallations in Baahrain . 24Test regiimes and addiitional tests . 24Test regiimes for systeems with mod ule level electtronics . 256.2Common requirementrts . 256.3Inspectionn – All Solar PVP plants . .5.16.5.26.5.36.66.6.16.6.26.6.36.6.46.6.57General . 25DC system – General . 25DC system – Protectioon against elecctric shock . 26DC system – Protectioon against the effects of inssulation faults . 26DC system – Protectioon against oveercurrent . 26DC system – Earthing and bonding aarrangementss . 27DC system – Protectioon against the effects of lighhtning and overvoltage . 27DC system – Selectionn and erectionn of electrical equipmente. 27AC system . 28Labelling and identification . 28Category 1 test regimee – All solar PV plants . 28Foreword . 28Continuity of protectivve earthing annd equipotenttial bonding conductors . 29Polarity testt . 29PV stringg combiner boox test. 29PV stringg – Open circuuit voltage meeasurement . 30PV stringg – Current meeasurement . 30Functionnal tests. 32PV array insulation ressistance test . 32Category 2 test regimee – Recommmended for Solar PV plants 100 kWW . 34Foreword . 34String I‐VV curve measuurement . 35PV array infrared camera inspectionn procedure. 37Additional tests – Facuultative for aall Solar PV plantsp. 39Foreword . 39Voltage tot ground – Resistive grounnd systems . 39Blocking diode test . 39PV array – Wet insulattion resistanc e test . 40Shade evvaluation . 40Tesst with Inteerconnectionn . 427.1Overview . 427.2Interface ProtectionP. 427.3Performannce monitoring function s . 427.4General onn data acquiisition, timinng and reporrting . 437.4.17.4.27.4.37.4.47.4.5Calibration . 43Documentation . 43Inspectioon . 44Samplingg, recording, anda reporting . 44Timestammps. 44Page 3
.87.8.17.8.27.8.37.8.47.8.57.8.67.98Measuredd parameterss. 45General requirementss. 45Environmmental parameters . 46Electrical measurements . 46External system requirements . 47Data proceessing and qualityqcheckk . 47Daylight hours . 47Removinng invalid readdings . 47Treatment of missing data . 49Calculatedd parameters . 49Description of calculatted parameteers. 49Performannce ratio . 51Overvieww . 51Performaance ratio andd Annual perfformance ratioo . 51Temperaature‐correcteed performan ce ratios . 52STC performance ratioo . 52Annual‐ttemperature‐eequivalent peerformance ratio . 52Test duraation. 53Test reporrt (Pn 100 kW)k . 53Powwer Qualityy Measuremments and TTests – Solaar PV plantss 100 kW . 558.1Overview . 558.2Assessmennt of the harrmonic conteent . 558.3Additional measurements . 55Annexees . 57Annexx A ‐ Safety Information Form . 57Annexx B – Measuurement of environmenttal parameteers . 591Irraadiance . 591.1In‐plane irrradiance . 591.2Global horrizontal irraddiance . 591.3Irradiancee sensors . 591.4Sensor loccations . 611.5Sensor maaintenance . 611.6Satellite reemote sensing of irradiaance . 622PVV module temmperature . 633Ammbient air teemperaturee . 644Wiind speed anda directionn . 655Soiiling ratio . 655.1Equipmennt . 65Page 4
5.2Calibrationn . 665.3Measuremment methodd 1 – max poower reductiion due to sooiling. 665.4Measuremment methodd 2 – short‐ccircuit currennt reduction due to soilinng . 665.5Preferred method . 675.6Daily averrage value . 67Page 5
1SCCOPEThese Guidelines provide informmation on thee Inspectionn and Testingg proceduress to be adopted aftert public Electric Netwoork in Bahrain.the erecction of a solar PV plant in order to coonnect it to theThe Figuure 1 shows the general sequence off the testing activities froom the end oof construction to itsfinal connnection to the electric network. Thhe number anda type of teststdependds on the sizze of thesolar PVV plant and wew may see that for plantts whose nomminal power Pn is up to 1100 kW only two testsets are necessary, whilewfor largger plants fo ur test sets area required.Figure 1 – Seqquence of thhe testing activities for solar PV planntsThe Figuure 1 showss also that thet Applicannt ‐ under thet eventual supervisionn of EWA ElectricityEDistributtion Directoorate (EDD) or the Mun icipality for the Mechannical Inspecttion ‐ shall make alltests. Hoowever, EWAA/EDD shall: Inspect test and approve the installationn as per thetRegulattions for ElectricalInstallationss [2], andm install the meters,pcan be energized.before tthe solar PV plantPage 6
Depending on the caapacity Pn of the Solar PPV plant the Applicant shhall carry outt the inspecttions andtests as shown in thee following TableT1.Table 1 – Main steeps of the Insspection andd Testing of thet Solar PVV plantsDescriptiionSafety innformation fromApplicanntSection orParagrapph3.33Layout, SSLD,datasheetts, drawings,etc.Technicaal report andadditionaal diagrams,drawingss, etc.4.2, 4.34Mechaniccal inspectionn(separatee inspection)5Inspectioon – generalinspectioon before alltests are ccarried outCategoryy 1 test regimeeCategoryy 2 test regimeeAdditionnal tests6.33Interface protectionPerformaance monitorinngfunctionssPerformaance ratio7.227.33Assessmeent of theharmonicc contentAdditionnalmeasuremments(§)(*)( )4.2, 4.446.446.556.66Pnn 11 kWXCapacityCof thee Solar PV plaant (Pn)11 kW Pnn 100kWPn 1000kWXXSysttem documenttationXXXXX-XTest withhout interconnnection (§)XXXMechaanical Inspecttion (§)-XXFacultative (*)Test wiith interconnecction (§)XXXX7.88XXPowerPQualityy measuremennts and tests (§§)8.228.33--XRecommennded (*)Facultatiive (*)XXXXX ( )report to be delivered withw the resullts of the inspections andd testsage of plant ttested: to bee agreed between Custommer and Conntractortype of testss or percentaif required after assessmment of harmmonic content in 8.2Page 7
2FOOREWORDD2.1 RReference WA – Stanndards for SolarSPV Systtems to be connected in parallel wwith the distributionnetworks off the Kingdomm of BahrainnMinistry of Electricity and Water, Electricity Distributionn Directoratee – Regulattions forelectrical insstallations (SSecond editioon, 2004)EWA – Guiddelines for SolarSPV systtems to be connected in parallel wwith the distributionnetworks off the Kingdomm of BahrainnIEC 60364‐6 – Low voltage electrical installationss. Part 6: VerrificationsIEC 61010 – Safety reqquirements ffor electrical equipmentt for measu rement, conntrol andlaboratory useuIEC 61557 – Electrical safety in low vvoltage distriibution systeems up to 10000 V a.c. and 1500 Vd.c.IEC 61724‐1 – Photovoltaic system pperformance. Part 1: MonnitoringIEC 61724‐2 – Photovoltaic system pperformance. Part 2: Capacity evaluattion methoddIEC 61724‐3 – Photovoltaic system pperformance. Part 3: Energy evaluatioon methodIEC 61730‐2 – Photovoltaic (PV mod ule safety quualification. PartP 2: Requ irements forr testingIEC 62446‐11 – Photovooltaic (PV) syystems. Reqquirements for testing, documentation andmaintenance. Part 1: GridG connect ion systems. Documentation, commmissioning, teststandinspectionIEC 62548 – Photovoltaicc (PV) arrayss. Design requirements2.2 TTerms andd definitionsAC module – PV module with ann integrated inverter in whichwthe eleectrical termiinals are AC onlyActive power (P) – under peeriodic condditions, meaan value, taaken over one period, of theinstantaneous product of curreent and volttage expresssed in W. UnderUsinusooidal conditiions, theactive poower is the realr part of the complex power.Apparennt power (SS) – productt of the r.mm.s. voltage between the terminal s of a two‐‐terminalelementt or two‐termminal circuit and the r.mm.s. electric currentcin thee element orr circuit expressed inVA. Undder sinusoidaal conditions,, the apparennt power is thet modulus of the compplex power.Cable tyype – descrription of a cable to ennable its rating and suitability for a particular use orenvironmment to be determinedd (Note: In many counntries this iss done via a code nummber e.g.“H07RNF”)pdesccription and sspecificationn (Note: Typically one or two pages, not a fullData sheeet – basic productproduct manual)Global hhorizontal irrradiance (GGHI) – direct plus diffusee irradiance incident on a horizontal surface2expresseed in W/mIMOD MAXX OCPR – PV module maximmum overcurrrent protecttion rating determined bby IEC 61730‐2 (Note:This is often specifieed by modulee manufactu rers as the maximummserries fuse ratiing)Inspection – examinnation of an electricaleinsstallation using all the sennses in orderr to ascertain correctselectionn and proper erection off electrical eqquipmentIn‐planee irradiance (Gi or POA) – the sum off direct, diffuuse, and ground‐reflecteed irradiancee incidentupon ann inclined surrface parallel to the planee of the moddules in the PVP array, alsoo known as plane‐of‐parray (POOA) irradiance. It is expressed in W/mm2Page 8
Interface Protectionn (IP) ‐ The electrical prrotection reqquired to ennsure that eeither the geeneratingplant annd/or any geenerating unnit is disconnnected for anya event thhat could immpair the integrity ordegradee the safety anda reliabilityy of the distrribution netwwork.Inverterr – electric energy converter that chaanges direct electric currrent to singlee‐phase or polyphasealternating currentIrradiance (G) – inciddent flux of radiant poweer per unit area expresseed in W/m2Irradiatiion (H) – irraadiance integgrated over a specified time interval expressed inn kWh/m2Micro‐innverter – smmall inverter designeddto bbe connected directly to one or two PV modules (Note: Amicro innverter will normallynconnnect directl y to the facttory fitted modulemleadss and be fixeed to themodule frame or moounted immeediately adjaacent to the module)Module integrated electronics – any electrronic devicee fitted to a PV module intended too providecontrol, monitoring or power conversioncffunctions (Note: Modulee integratedd electronics may befactory ffitted or asseembled on siite)Point off Connectionn or POC ‐ Is the location at which a solar PV generating plannt is connecteed to thedistributtion networkk and where the main eleectricity metter is installed.Power ffactor (λ) – underuperiodic conditionss, ratio of the absolute value of the aactive powerr P to theapparennt power SPV arrayy – assemblyy of electrically interconnnected PV moodules, PV sttrings or PV ssub‐arrays.PV cell – most elemmentary device that exhhibits the photovoltaic effect, i.e thee direct non‐thermalconversiion of radiannt energy into electrical eenergyPV module – smallest complete environmenntally protectted assemblyy of interconnnected PV cellsmPV string – circuit off one or more series‐con nected PV modulesPV strinng combinerr box – juncction box whhere PV strings are connnected whicch may alsoo containovercurrrent protectiion devices, electronics aand/or switcch‐disconnectorsRecord – data recordded and storred in data loog, based onn acquired samplesRecordinng interval ( ) – time bettween recor dsReport – aggregate valuevbased on series of recordsReportinng period – timetbetweeen reportsReportinng – recordinng of the results of inspeection and teestingResidual current deevice (RCD) – is a sensiitive safety device that switches offf when the residualalue of the ddevicecurrent exceeds the operating vaSample – data acquiired from a sensorsor meeasuring deviceSamplinng interval – time betweeen samplesSoiling rratio (SR) – ratiorof the actualapowerr output of the PV array under given soiling condditions tothe powwer that would be expected if the PV array were cleancand freee of soilingSwitch – Mechanicaal device caapable of maaking, carrying and breaking currennts in normal circuitconditioons and, wheen specified, in given opeerating overlooad conditioons. In additioon, it is able to carry,for a sppecified timee, currents under speciified abnormmal circuit conditions,cssuch as shoort‐circuitconditioons.Standard test condditions (STC)) – referencce values off in‐plane irrradiance (1 000 W/m2), PV celln temperaturre (25 C), annd the refereence spectrall irradiance defineddin IECC 60904‐3junctionTesting – implemeentation of measures in an electtrical installation by mmeans of whichwitseffectiveeness is proved (Note: It includes aascertaining values by meansmof apppropriate measuringminstrumeents, said values not beinng detectablle by inspecttion)Page 9
Verificattion – all measuresmbyy means of which comppliance of the electricaal installation to therelevanttstandardds is checkeddVoltage ‐ Unless staated otherwiise, voltage refers to thee root‐mean‐square valuue of phase‐to‐phasevoltagess.PageP 10
3SAAFETY ISSSUES3.1 ForewordThis chapter does noot substitutee the safety laaws and rulees in force in Bahrain as rregards the workswonelectric, mechanical and civil insttallations.The purpose is to integrate the existing rulees with somee hint focuseed on particuular safety aspects ofsolar PVV plants.3.2 HHazards annd safety measureesThe on‐‐site tests, particularlypof electrica l tests, is the task andd the respo nsibility of the TestEngineer. This must be aware off the main d etails of such electrical teststand thee associated hazards,ng to the lawws and rulees in force inn Bahrain, its experiencce and the ddescription providedaccordinbelow.All whatt is located upstreamuof a circuit‐breeaker device on the DC seection of a PPV plant (PV modulesand theiir connectionns) remains underuvoltagge (during the day) even after the opeening of thiss device.All combbiner boxes of the solar PV plant oon DC side shallsexpose a warning, which indiccates thepresence of live partts even afterr the openingg of the inverter circuit‐bbreaker devicces.Figure 2 shows an example of warning siggn to indicatte the preseence of a soolar PV plannt with apossiblee danger.Figurre 2 – Exampple of a warnning, which i ndicates thee presence ofo solar PV pllant with possiblehazzardous volttageAll interventions on the live parts of PV strinngs are therefore to be consideredcwworks underr voltage.This diffference is unnusual for ann installer whho is accustoomed to thinnking that th e plant is off‐voltagewhen thhe general cirrcuit breakerr is switchedd off.Only a qqualified persson, i.e. a prrofessional wwith sufficiennt knowledgee and experieence can woork safelyon live pparts and succcessfully carrry out elect ric interventtions under voltage.vThe prootection provisions and the properr PPE are sppecified in relevantrinteernational andalocalstandardds. Howeverr, it is worthh mentioningg that whenn working unnder voltagee, the operator mustwear thee following (see Figure 3): A safety helmet made ofo insulating material witth face shield (mainly too protect himm againstelectric arcinng);PageP 11
Flame‐retarddant clothingg that does nnot leave uncovered partts of the trunnk or limbs;Insulating gloves (of apppropriate volttage class).Insulated tools for electrical workware alsso to be useed. An alterrnative to innsulated toools is aninsulatinng mat for electrical purpposes, placedd beneath thhe operator.After the electric shhock, arcing represents tthe main danger in electric intervenntions underr voltage.The eneergy releasedd by electricc arcs may ccause burnss, damage too eyes and sskin and this energyincreasees with the arcing current and the du ration of thee interventioon.In case
IEC 60364‐6 IEC 61010 – laboratory u IEC 61557 – d.c. IEC 61724‐1 IEC 61724‐2 IEC 61724‐3 IEC 61730‐2 IEC 62446‐1 maintenanc inspection IEC 62548 – erms and ule – PV mo power (P) neous prod wer is the r t power (S or two‐term er sinusoida p
Preliminary Inspection Responsibilities 1. Read and understand the job specification 2. Attend the pre-job conference 3. Become aware of safety hazards and responsibilities 4. Prepare inspection forms and inspection plan 5. Inspection of jobsite conditions 6. Inspection of materials 7. Inspection of equipment 8. Monitor ambient conditions
transporting students. The pre-trip inspection consists of two parts: a stationary inspection and an operating inspection. The stationary inspection consists of an interior and exterior inspection. The exterior inspection is also known as the “daily walk-around.” The operating inspection is performed while the bus is being driven.
inspection? We will consider a full home inspection or 4-pt Inspection as an exception to the UPC home self-inspection. The inspection must be no older than 12 months in age and contain pictures and inspection notes outlining the condition of the home (the roof, air/hea
INSPECTION INFORMATION 1.1 SUBJECT PROPERTY Commercial building xxxxxx Glendale, California 1.2 INSPECTION DATE Thursday February 25, 2016 1.3 INSPECTION TIME 2:30 p.m. . This inspection and report has been performed in accordance with the California Real Estate Inspection Association (CREIA) Standards of Practice which is incorporated herein .
Jun 27, 2019 · 2021 SUTTON AVE CINCINNATI OH 45230 County HAMILTON Building Approval Date 03/09/1988 Use Group/Code E Occupancy Limit 49 Maximum Under 2 ½ Fire Inspection Approval Date Food Service Risk Level Inspection Information Inspection Type Quality Monitoring Inspection Scope Partial Inspection Notice Unannounced Inspection Date End Time 06/27/2019
FIRE ALARM AND EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM INSPECTION AND TESTING FORM Date of this inspection or test: Time of inspection or test: Name of property: . INSTALLATION, SERVICE, AND TESTING CONTRACTOR INFORMATION Type of Inspection: Annual Semi-Annual Quarterly Other_ Address: License No: Fax: E-mail: Phone: .
EN 571-1, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles. EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents. prEN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - Viewing conditions. EN ISO 3452-3, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks.
CHAPTER 10-INSPECTION AND TESTING, p. 45 1 0.1-General, p. 45 10.2-Preconstruction inspection and testing, p. 45 10.3-Construction inspection and testing, p. 46 1 .4-Post-construction inspection and testing, p. 4 7 CHAPTER 11-REFERENCES, p. 48 Authored references, p. 49 APPENDIX-MIXTURE PROPORTIONING BASED ON SOIL COMPACTION, p. 50
