Review Article Hazardous Effect Of Viruddha Ahara .
International Journal of Health Sciences and Researchwww.ijhsr.orgISSN: 2249-9571Review ArticleHazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (IncompatibleFood) on Health: A Critical ReviewHarilal Poya1, Febin P Jose2, Akhilesh Shukla31Lecturer Dept of Kriya Sharira, 2Lecturer Dept of Panchakarma, 3Lecturer Dept of Samhita and Siddhanta,Govt. Ayurveda College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, INDIACorresponding Author: Harilal PoyaABSTRACTThe wellbeing of the individual chiefly depends upon the kind of food he consumes. The maximumbenefits of Ahara (food) can be achieved only by following the healthy dietary guidelines mentionedin classics of Ayurveda whereas wrong dietary pattern can be hazardous to health. The food which isincompatible in respect to climate, quantity, method of preparation, combination etc. are described aspotent cause of both physical and psychological illnesses. The present article is intended to explorethe concept of Viruddha Ahara (incompatible food) described in Ayurveda classics mainly CharakaSamhita. The recent publications related to incompatible food is also referred for this. The ancient andrecent surveys both prove that incompatible food habits are one of the chief causes of physical andpsychological pathologies.Key Words: Viruddha Ahara, incompatible food, Ahara.INTRODUCTIONAyurveda is one of the most ancientmedical sciences which is still continuingand proving its effectiveness in presentscenario. Unlike other medical sciences,instead of focusing on treatment of anyparticular disease, Ayurveda focuses moreon the healthy living and wellbeing of theperson. For healthy living, Ayurvedaemphasizes on consuming right kind of dietwhich is healthy and nutritious. Ahara(food) is one of the important factorssupporting this life. [1] It is explained as thechief factor for the maintenance and growthof this body and also for diseases. [2] Diet isconsidered to be vital for a human body as itprovides the basic nutrients, which arenecessary to carry out the basic activities ofdigestion and metabolism. According toAyurveda, The food which is wrong incombination,hasundergonewrongprocessing, consumed in incorrect dose,and/or consumed in incorrect time of theday and in wrong season can lead toincorrect metabolism, which inhibits theprocess of metabolism and have theoppositepropertytotheDhatus(fundamental tissues) are called as ViruddhaAhara or incompatible diet or unwholesomediet. [3] Continuous intake of such food isthe cause of manifestation several diseasesboth physical and psychological. Not onlythat such incompatible food habits bypregnant woman may causes defects in theborn offspring. [4]Types of Viruddha Ahara (incompatiblefood):Ayurveda literature has describedvarious types of Viruddha Ahara [5], whichcan be summarized as follows in table no.1.Maharshi Charka mentions that suchtypes of unwholesome diet can lead todiseases like abdominal distention, stiffnessInternational Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017240
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Reviewin neck, varieties of anemia, indigestions,insanity, various skin diseases, diseases ofintestines, fever, rhinitis, and infertility etc.[6]It can be observed from the above listthat Viruddha Ahara can lead to disordersup to impotency, infertility, and SantanDosha (defects in progeny) thus it has animpact up to Shukra Dhatu Dushti (vitiationof Shukra Dhatu). [3] If the above list ofdiseases is classified as per the body system,it can be said that, immune system,endocrine system, digestive system, nervoussystem, and circulatory systems are affectedby continuous consumption of ViruddhaAhara.Table No.1. : Shows the types of Virudha Ahara (incompatiblefood)S.No. Typesof English terminologyViruddhaDesha ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to placeKala ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to timeAgni ViruddhaIncompatible in respecttodigestive capacityMatra ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to quantityor doseSatmya ViruddhaIncompatible in respecttosuitabilityDosha ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to DoshaSanskar ViruddhaAntagonistic in respect to methodof preparationVeerya ViruddhaAntagonistic in respect to potencyof the substancesKoshtha ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to natureof gutAvastha ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to state ofhealth of the consumerKram ViruddhaIncompatible in respecttosequence of intakeParihar ViruddhaIncompatible in respecttocontraindicationUpachar ViruddhaIncompatible in respecttoindicationPaak ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to cookingSamyoga Viruddha Incompatible in respecttocombinationsHridya ViruddaIncompatible in respecttopalatabilitySampad ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to richnessin properties of food substancesVidhi ViruddhaIncompatible in respect to rules ofeating1. Desh Viruddha [5]:A person if consume diet or foodwhich is similar in properties of thatparticular region can lead to themalformation of the different nutrientsrequired for the proper functioning of thebody,leading to the manifestation ofvarious diseases. For example using dietwhich is Ruksha (dry), Ushna (hot) andTiksana (sharp) quality in a Jangal Desha(arid region) can lead to Vata Prakopa. Itcan also vitiate the Rakta Dhatu (bloodtissues) and cause reduction in the formationof succeeding Dathus. Similarly the use ofSnigdha (unctuous), Sheeta (cold), Guru(heavy) and other substances of similarquantities to Anoopa Desha(marshyregion) can cause disturbances in the Agni(digestive enzymes and hormones) and mayleads to autoimmune diseases. There will beobstruction to the Srotas (channels in body)and can lead to diseases like Premeha(diabetic syndrome), Arsha (hemorrhoids),Bhagandar (fistula), Visarpa (erysipelas),Kushta (skin diseases) etc. So one shouldconsume the diet or food which is oppositein quality of that region, by which the dietor food will manage accordingly and keepthe body stable and free from diseases.2. Kala Viruddha[5]:The consumption of diet or foodwith properties similar to the particularseason can lead to various diseases. Theuses of Sheeta (cold), Rooksha (dry) Laghu(light) and Khara (rough) and similar thingsin winter and the uses of Ushna (hot),Teekshna (sharp) and Katu (pungent) andsuch similar things in summer areincompatiblewithreferencetoKala(season).The use of Sheeta (cold), Rooksha(dry) Laghu (light) and Khara (rough) andsimilar things in winter can lead to VataVitiation and diseases resulting from that.Similarly use of Ushna (hot), Teekshna(sharp) and Katu (pungent) similar things insummer can lead to the impropermetabolism resulting in damage to thedifferent Dathus. Ayurveda mentions thatfood substances having opposite Rasa(taste) Guna (properties) are beneficial inthat respective session. [7] Therefore similarqualities of food substances are harmful torespective session and it may be the causefor disease after habitual intake.International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017241
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Review3. Agni Viruddha [5]:One should take diet or food afterconsidering the status of Agni. If food hasnot been taken in accordance to theJatharagni Bala (digestive power) then itwill become Agni Viruddha.a) Mandagni Viruddha (incompatible tolow digestive power)– Guru (heavy),Snigdha (unctuous), Madhura (sweet),etc. food substances if taken will notdigest properly and can lead to diseaseslike Grahani (irritable bowel syndrome),Atisar (diarrhea), Visuchika (dysentery),Daurbalya (weakness).b) Tiksnagni Viruddha (incompatible tosharp digestive power)- Laghu (light),Tiksana (sharp), Vidhi (heat producing),Ushna (hot) food substances ifconsumed can cause very fast digestionof the food resulting in the overmetabolism of the different Dathus inthe body leading to malnutrition anddiseases related to that.c) Visamagni Viruddha (incompatible tofluctuating digestive power) – Ruksha(dry), Laghu (light), Suksma (), Guru,food substances if taken can causeimproper digestion and can lead to theproduction of Ama. This can cause theblockage of Srotas. This in turn can leadto the malformation of different Dathusin the body.d) Samagni Viruddha (incompatible tobalanced digestive power)- Excessivequantity of food and taking can causeimproper digestion leading in theformation of Ama (metabolic toxins).This in turn can cause different diseaseslike Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis),Alasya (lazziness), Tandra (drowsiness)etc.4. Matra Viruddha [5]:Food taken in sufficient quantity istermed as Matravat Ahara (appropriatedose), if one does not take Matravat Aharathan it is called Matra Viruddha. Accordingto Maharshi Charak the intake of samequantity of honey& ghee is an example ofMatra Viruddha. The different Ahara iftaken in proper quantity it can work asRasayana in the body or else it can becomeVisha or poison. [8]5. Satmya Viruddha:Consuming the food according toones Prakirti (constitution) becomessuitable for the person, while consuming thediet which is opposite to ones Prakriti canlead to damage of the body. This type ofViruddha Ahara is called as SatmyaViruddha. For example a person who isSatmya to Katu, Ushna and Teekshna Gunaqualities in food, if intakes Svadu (sweet),Sheeta, Guru etc qualities in food itbecomes Asatmya (unwholesome) tohimself. The wholesome diet will help in theproper nourishment and growth of his body.Unwholesome diet or Satmya ViruddhaAhara will cause manifestation of differentmetabolic disorders.6. Dosh Viruddha [5]:The use of article of food, which aredissimilar in quality to that of the respectivebody humors or Dosha, is called DoshaViruddha. Consuming the Ahara or diet,drugs and procedure which is similar to theaggravated Doshas in the body can lead tothe further aggravation of the Doshas inbody leading to different disorders. Forexample in case of aggravation Pitta Doshaconsuming Ushna, Teekshna, Katu Aharabecoming cause for further aggravation ofPitta and later to various diseases such asvitiation of Rakta (blood), skin ailments etc.7. Samskar Viruddha [5]:The change in the properties of aDravya (substances) due to processing iscalled Samskara. But if improper processingis done it can lead to the formation of toxinswhich in turn can lead to the damage of thebodily tissues. For example if peacock sflesh is roasted on sticks of the castor plantit can make the peacock’s flesh poison. Thistype of processing is called as SamskaraViruddha. So while processing any Dravyaone should take care about the materialsused in processing. The present fast foodInternational Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017242
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Reviewprocessing can be taken in this categorywhere many harmful chemical andpreservatives are used for commercialpurpose, compromising with the heath ofthe population.8. Veerya Viruddha [5]:The Ahara or diet, drugs andprocedure which are opposite to the Potencyif consumed or practiced can lead to VeeryaViruddha condition. This type ofincompatibility in diet can lead to differentphysical diseases such as Kushta (skindiseases) etc, psychological disorders likeApasmara (epilepsy), Unmada (insanity),Bhrama (giddiness) etc.9. Kostha Viruddha [5]:A person with Krura Kostha(excessive absorbent gut) will have anincreased level of Vata Dosha in him,leading to Rookshata (dryness) in his bodychannels. This Rookshata can causeobstruction in the channels and lead toobstruction in the free flow of Vata andMalas (metabolic waste). If such a person isadministered a drug, which is in insufficientdose, weak in potency and poor in laxativequality it will further aggravate thecondition. Similarly a person having MirduKostha (less absorbent gut) will haveManda Agni (weak digestive power).So ifgiven a drug which is heavy cathartic and inlarge dose, then it will not be digested andcan lead to further diseased condition. Thistype of Viruddha is called as KosthaViruddha.10. Avastha Viruddha [5]:Incompatibility with reference tostate of person is known as AvasthaViruddha i.e. when a Vata provoking mealis given to one who is exhausted on accountof fatigue sexual act or physical strain thenit further aggravates Vata Dosha in thebody. This is called as Avastha Viruddha.Similarly, if a Kapha provokingmeal is given to one subject who is lethargicor sleepy or indolence, then it becomesAvastha Viruddha because it furtheraggravates the condition. Our diet should bein accordance to our energy expenditurethrough physical and mental activities.Intake of high calorie diet and sedentaryhabits is the cause of weight gain, obesityand later many diseases associated with it.Such things can be considered due AvasthaViruddha Ahara.11. Krama Viruddha [5]:When a person takes his mealwithout relieving himself from natural urgeof defecation, micturition etc. or eatswithout feeling of hunger or does not eat inspite of severe hunger then it turns out to beKrama Viruddha. This type of ViruddhaAhara Sevana can lead to formation of AmaDosha (metabolic toxins) in the body or canlead to Dathu Kshaya (depletion of bodytissues), leading to different diseases likeVisuchika (dysentery), Alasaka (intestinaltorpor), Pandu (anemia),psychologicaldisturbances etc. So in order to be in ahealthy State one should follow a diet andregimen which is compatible to oneself.12. Parihar Viruddha [5]:This is incompatibility of the rule ofprohibition, when a person takes hotsubstance after a meal of the flesh of a boarand similar animals. The flesh of boar isUshna Veerya (hot potency), consumptionof hot substance after consumption of boarflesh can lead to increase in the Ushna Gunain the body leading to Dathu Kshaya. Thistype of Viruddha Ahara is called PariharViruddha.13. Upachara Viruddha [5]:That is incompatibility of the rulesof ingestion is called as UpacharaViruddha.Forexampleaftertheconsumption of Ghee intake of cold wateror cold food items is called as UpacharViruddha. A person suffering from RaktaPitta(hemorrhagicdisorders)ifadministered Ushna and Rakta PrakopakaAhara (diet aggravating vitiation of bloodtissue) can lead to further aggravation of thecondition. This type of incompatibility canInternational Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017243
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Reviewcause the production of Ama by destroyingthe Jataragni. This in turn can causediseases like skin disorders, Amlapitta (acidpeptic disorders) etc.14. Paka Viruddha [5]:If food substance is prepared withbad and rotten firewood or is undercookedor burnt it is called Paka Viruddha. Theovercooking and Undercooking of food cancause the production of Ama and can lead toAgnivaishamya(disturbeddigestivecapacity). This in turn can lead toindigestion and cause diseases like duodenalulcers, Amplapitta, skin disorders etc. theover cooked foods can cause increase indryness in body leading to Vata Prakopaleading to the depletion of Dhatu (tissues).[5]15. Samayog Viruddha :When two or more Dravyas arecombined appropriately by considering theirsimilar properties, they help in thedevelopment of the body. But if theproperties of the combining Dravyas areopposite it can lead to depletion of bodyelements. Such type of incompatibility ofcombination is called as Samyoga Viruddha.For example intake of sour things with milk.Milk is cold in potency and sweet in taste,whereas the sour substance is having hotpotency. So combination of these leads toimproper metabolism and production oftoxins in the body resulting in poordigestion and further manifestation ofvarious diseases.16. Hridya Viruddha [5]:The consumption of food which isunpleasant to person is called as HridyaViruddha. This can lead to physiologicaldisturbances leading to poor digestion. Theindigested food accumulates to producetoxins in body, leading to differentpsychosomatic disorders like IBS.17. Sampad Viruddha [5]:Thisisincompatibility withreference to richness of quality of foodtaken. For example the juice is obtainedfrom unripe over ripe or unpurified food,intake of such food article, which are nothaving edible qualities can be considered asSampada Viruddha. Consuming such foodcan cause the improper digestion leading topoor development of bodily tissues. It cancause the obstruction of body channelsleading to different diseases.18. Vidhi Viruddha [5]:It is incompatibility of the rules ofeating where food is not taken in a solitaryplace. Here solitary place is only anexample. One should consider all the rulesand regulations of dietetics, or else it cancause depletion of bodily tissues leading tophysiological and psychological imbalance.Diseases due to Viruddha Ahara:Classical Ayurveda texts cover anarray of themes on food ranging fromdiversity of natural sources, their propertiesin relation to seasons and places and to theirspecific function both in physiological andpathological states. [9] From the abovedescription it can be understood that anyprocedure, combinations, dose, amount offood, opposite properties of food ifconsumed in a regular fashion can lead tonumber of disorders. Maharshi Charaka hasmentioned that such types of wrongcombinationscanleadtoevendeath. Viruddha Ahara can lead to manydiseaseswhichare;impotency, Visarpa (erysipelas), blindness,ascites, bullous, insanity, fistula in ano,coma or fainting, intoxication, abdominaldistention, stiffness in neck, varieties ofanemia, indigestions, various skin diseases,diseases of intestines, swelling, gastritis,fever, rhinitis, and infertility. If the abovelist of diseases is classified as per the bodysystem, it can be said that, immune system,endocrine system, digestive system, nervoussystem, and circulatory systems are affectedby continuous consumption of ViruddhaAhara. A number of diseases both physicaland psychological such as depression,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, andobstructive sleep apnea have been found toInternational Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017244
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Reviewbe significantly affected by the dietarypattern of the patients. [10,11,12]Mode of Action of Viruddha Ahara:Association between dietary patternand diseases has always been a field ofinterest among the health professionals.Frequent intake of combination ofincompatible food leads in to production oftoxins. Then in the alimentary tract thistoxins provoke all Doshas and which getmixed with digestive juice and then RasaDhatu and so on it spread from one Dhatuto next Dhatu. Thus this Doshas spreadfrom Koshtha (gut)to Shakha (Dhatus andskin).While travelling through all over thebodywhereeverthereisKhavaigunya(inherent deformity) it getslodged and shows the symptoms of thediseases. Effects of incompatible food canbe classified in to Aashukari (acute) andChirakari(chronic) which may be modifiedin the form of symptoms or diseases.Chikitsa Siddhant:The person who habitually takesViruddha Aahara should be subjected toeither of Shodhana therapy mainly Vamana(therapeutic emesis) andVirechana(therapeutic purgation) or Shamana(pacifying) therapy denending upon theDoshik vitiation with drugs which arequalitatively opposite to such ViruddhaAahara [13]. Along with drug therapy gradualshift from unwholesome diet to wholesomediet should be done with care. Suddenchange of dietary pattern may not besuitable for the person so this must be donein slow manner.CONCLUSIONThe wholesome use of Ahara bringshealth whereas unwholesome food habitsare cause of various diseases. Theincompatibility of food is described inAyurveda under the concept of ViruddhaAhara. There are total 18 categories ofViruddha Ahara described by MaharshiCharaka in Sutrasthana 26 th chapter.Habitual consumption of it may lead tomanifestation of many diseases. Thediseases caused by Viruddha Ahara can beprevented by following wholesome dietarypattern described in Ayurveda. For thetreatment of it, purification therapy followedby Hita Sevan (wholesome diet) isindicated.REFERENCES1. Tripathi Brahmananda, Charaka Samhita ofAgnivesha, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 11, Verseno.35,ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashana, Varanasi, p. 240-2412. Tripathi Brahmananda, Charaka Samhita ofAgnivesha, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 28, Verseno.45,ChaukhambhaSurabharatiPrakashana, Varanasi, p. 5533. Sabnis M. Viruddha Ahara: A criticalview. 7.4. Santiago, Sarah E, Grace H Park, and KellyJ Huffman. “Consumption Habits ofPregnant Women and Implications forDevelopmental Biology: A Survey ofPredominantly Hispanic Women inCalifornia.” Nutrition Journal 12 (2013):91. PMC. Web. 22 Oct. 2017.5. P.V.Sharma, (ed. 2014) Charaka Samhita,Vol.1., Sutra Sthana, Chapter 26, Verse 86101, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi,p.190-191.6. P.V.Sharma, (ed. 2014) Charaka Samhita,Vol.1., Sutra Sthana, Chapter 26, Verse102-103,ChaukhambhaOrientalia,Varanasi, p.1917. Tripathi Brahmananda, Charaka Samhita ofAgnivesha, Sharira Sthana, Chapter 6 ,Verse no. 8, Chaukhambha SurabharatiPrakashana, Varanasi, p. 9068. P.V.Sharma, (ed. 2014) Charaka Samhita,Vol.2., Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 24, Verse27-28, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi,p.3929. Payyappallimana U, Venkatasubramanian P.Exploring Ayurvedic Knowledge on Foodand Health for Providing InnovativeSolutions to Contemporary Healthcare.Frontiers in Public Health. 2016; 4:57.doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00057.10. Quirk S.E., Williams L.J., O'Neil A., PascoJ.A., Jacka F.N., Housden S. Theassociation between diet quality, dietarypatterns and depression in adults: aInternational Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017245
Harilal Poya et al. Hazardous Effect of Viruddha Ahara (Incompatible Food) on Health: A Critical Reviewsystematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:17511. Hanson C., Rutten E.P., Wouters E.F.,Rennard S. Influence of diet and obesity onCOPD development and outcomes. Int JChron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014; 9:723–733.12. Batool-Anwar S., Goodwin J.L., DrescherA.A., Baldwin C.M., Simon R.D., SmithT.W. Impact of CPAP on activity patternsand diet in patients with obstructive sleepapnea (OSA) J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10:465–472.13. Tripathi Brahmananda, Charaka Samhita ofAgnivesha, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 27, Verseno. 105-106, Chaukhambha SurabharatiPrakashana, Varanasi, p. 499How to cite this article: Poya H, Jose FP, Shukla A. Hazardous effect of viruddha ahara(incompatible food) on health: a critical review. Int J Health Sci Res. 2017; 7(12):240-246.***********International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org)Vol.7; Issue: 12; December 2017246
1Lecturer Dept of Kriya Sharira, 2Lecturer Dept of Panchakarma, 3Lecturer Dept of Samhita and Siddhanta, Govt. Ayurveda College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA Corresponding Author: Harilal Poya ABSTRACT The wellbeing of the individual chief
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