ETYMOLOGY CURRICULUM

TITLE:Language Resources: Use of Dictionary and ThesaurusSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:2-3 days, and ongoingGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To review how to use the dictionary for word search, analysis, and application To review how information is presented in a dictionary To review how the terminology and abbreviations are used and the information is given in adictionary To use specialized word source books To review how to use a thesaurus when searching for synonyms and antonymsSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Latin Lesson 1: Pages 23-24 (English Words textbook)—dictionary exercises Study a handout or poster showing a typical dictionary or thesaurus page entry Study a handout or poster listing terminology and abbreviations use in a dictionary Use a thesaurus to locate antonyms and synonyms Rewrite a paragraph using a thesaurus to replace various underlined words Use a dictionary to locate homographs and homonyms Compare an abridged to an unabridged dictionaryRESOURCES: Dictionary Thesaurus Handout of dictionary abbreviations (see Appendix) Handout of dictionary and thesaurus terminology (see Appendix) Specialized word source book11

CORE UNITSWords Derived from LatinWords Derived from GreekWords Derived from Germanic/Anglo -Saxon12

ETYMOLOGY CORE UNITTITLE:Words Derived from LatinSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:6-7 weeksGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To augment vocabulary through an examination of Latin prefixes, roots, and suffixes To appreciate the influence of Latin on the English language To practice word analysis skillsSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Find a list of words that function as more than one part of speech Use language resources to trace a word to its origin Create word games such as puzzles, anagrams, and word searches Perform drills using available computer software Participate in a word scavenger hunt Given a root word, brainstorm as many other words with the same root as possible Take a short story, underline unusual words, and analyze, define, and replace them Create a mnemonic jingle to learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes Create euphemisms, bumper stickers, and license plates using prefixes, root words, and suffixes Look at pictures of vocabulary words to apply newly acquired skills Use the Word Power section from Reader’s DigestRESOURCES: Textbook, Workbook, Instructor’s Manual All other language resources Sample exercises (see Appendix)13

ETYMOLOGY CORE UNITTITLE:Words Derived from GreekSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:5-7 weeksGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To augment vocabulary through an examination of Greek prefixes, roots, and suffixes To appreciate the influence of Greek on the English language To practice word analysis skillsSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Use language resources to trace a word to its origin Create word games such as puzzles, anagrams, and word searches Perform drills using available computer software Given a root word, brainstorm as many other words with the same root as possible Take a short story, underline unusual words, and analyze, define, and replace them Create a mnemonic jingle to learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes Create euphemisms, bumper stickers, and license plates using prefixes, root words, and suffixes Create theme-specific activities Look at pictures of vocabulary words to apply newly acquired skills Use the Word Power section from Reader’s DigestRESOURCES: Textbook, Workbook, Instructor’s Manual All other language resources Sample exercises (see Appendix)14

ETYMOLOGY CORE UNITTITLE:Words Derived from Germanic/Anglo -SaxonSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:2-4 weeksGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To augment vocabulary through an examination of Germanic/Anglo-Saxon prefixes, roots, andsuffixes To appreciate the influence of Germanic/Anglo -Saxon on the English language To practice word analysis skillsSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Use language resources to trace a word to its origin Create word games such as puzzles, anagrams, and word searches Perform drills using available computer software Participate in a word scavenger hunt Given a root word, brainstorm as many other words with the same root as possible Take a short story, underline unusual words, and analyze, define, and replace them Create a mnemonic jingle to learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes Create euphemisms, bumper stickers, and license plates using prefixes, root words, and suffixes Create theme-specific activities Look at pictures of vocabulary words to apply newly acquired skills Use the Word Power section from Reader’s DigestRESOURCES: Textbook, Workbook, Instructor’s Manual All other language resources Sample exercises (see Appendix)15

INTEREST-BUILDING UNITSSAT PreparationGreek and Roman Mythological ReferencesDiscipline/Field Specific LanguagesTechnology’s Influence on the English Language16

ETYMOLOGY INTEREST-BUILDING UNITTITLE:SAT PreparationSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:This unit should be taught prior to the fall and spring PSAT/SATadministration dates.GOALS/OBJECTIVES: To prepare to take standardized tests such as the SAT, ACT, PSAT, and TAP To learn test-taking strategies and word analysis skillsSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Use appropriate computer programs Take sample tests Create word analogies Use reading comprehension passages to define words in context Study handouts of etymology worksheetsRESOURCES: The Official SAT Study Guide 11 Practice Tests for the New SAT and PSAT, 2006 Edition Other SAT and ACT preparation books17

ETYMOLOGY INTEREST-BUILDING UNITTITLE:Greek and Roman Mythological ReferencesSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:1-5 daysGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To research the origins of mythological derivations To demonstrate the pervasiveness of mythological allusions in art, music, and literatureSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Study a list of derivatives Look for mythological references in media sources such as TV, radio, newspaper, andadvertisements Create original myths (written or visual) Research the origin of a myth and explain the derivation of appropriate words Make posters integrating various interpretations of the same word derivation: (e.g., “a Herculeantask”—cleaning a toxic waste dump, the Cubs winning the pennant) Find cultural equivalents in modern societyRESOURCES: Handout of derivative list (see Appendix) Any mythological reference book by the following authors: Thomas Bullfinch, Edith Hamilton,Mark Morford, etc. The Yellow Pages Saturday morning and weekday afternoon television18

ETYMOLOGY INTEREST-BUILDING UNITTITLE:Discipline/Field Specific LanguagesSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:1 day per discipline/field and when appropriateGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To introduce students to terminology common to a specific field or areas of specific interestSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: The Greek section of the textbook (Lessons IX-XXII) focuses on these specific areas Study visual aids such as a Deed of Trust, a will, a dental chart, a prescription bottle, etc. Create a poster with discipline/field specific language Study a passage of discipline/field specific literature and define certain underlined words Plan military strategy using appropriate terms Analyze terms used in a sports broadcast or written article Research an historical event and trace the change in language from then to n owRESOURCES: Any language-specific book such as Gray’s Anatomy, Black’s Law Dictionary, religious literature,scientific journal, newspaper, magazine, or TV.19

ETYMOLOGY INTEREST-BUILDING UNITTITLE:Technology’s Influence on the English LanguageSUGGESTED TIME FRAME:On-goingGOALS/OBJECTIVES: To recognize the influence of the computer age on everyday communication To acknowledge the continued dynamism of the English language To observe the modification, accommodation, and manipulation of the English languageSUGGESTED ACTIVITIES: Use various forms of media to find acronyms/abbreviations/initialisms Create your own jargon Rewrite a myth, fable, or short story in slang terms Define the words of different generations See Appendix for suggestions on activities for this lessonRESOURCES: On-line sources (see list on Recommended Internet Sites) Newspapers Television Parent or grandparent interviews20

APPENDIX21

CONTENTSHandouts Basic Terminology Dictionary Abbreviations Dictionary and Thesaurus TerminologyActivities Basic terminology matching Two activities for the dictionary Dictionary terms fill-in-the blank Two activities for the thesaurus Latin prefix worksheet Latin bases and affixes worksheet Latin bases worksheet Roman numeral quiz Greek prefix worksheet Greek bases worksheet Matching Greek bases worksheet Words from classical myths Mythology activity worksheet Mythology quest The ultra-cool magazine assignment French loan words Abbreviations, initialisms, and acronyms22

BASIC TERMINOLOGY IN ETYMOLOGYAbstract wordAffixAntonymBlend wordColloquial languageConcrete wordDialectDissimilationEtymologyFigurative wordHybrid wordInformal languageJargonLoan wordsModifyPhilologyRomance languageSemanticsSuffixWord d wordDerivativeDiminutive guisticsMetathesisOnomatopoeiaPrefixRoot-base wordSlangSynonym23

DICTIONARY rl.tr.v.var. activeadjectiveadverbarticleconfero—compare exempli gratia—for the sake of an exampleespeciallyet cetera—and the rest, toricalid est—that isinterjectioninterrogativeintransitive pronounquod vide, which e verbverbvariant24

DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS TERMINOLOGYabridgedappendixarchaicentry wordguide wordhomographhyphenated wordidiomintransitive verbitalicnonstandardobscure originobsoleteparticiplepoetic usageprincipal parts of a verbregionalstresssubentrysuperscript numbersyllabletransitive verbunabridgedvariantvulgar25

QUIZ: MATCHING BASIC ETYMOLOGY TERMINOLOGYNAME1.2.3.4.euphemismcolloquial languagecognatesblend word componentabstract word5.6.7.8.9.10.clipped ffixacronymsapheresis and aphesisromance an words19.20.14.15.16.17.DATEword element attached to a root wordcompute-count“she passed away today.”study of historical change in the meaning ofwordseveryday languagehors d’oeuvre, détentemilk: cow :: egg: chickensmog, jazzercisean alteration of a word to indicate differentgrammatical and syntactical relationsthe study of the origin and structure of humanlanguageMADD, NATOwords in different languages derived from thesame rootprocess by which words are introduced intoanother languagepart of a word, such as a roota word not perceived by the five sensescopter, quake, limospecialized expressions native to a particularfield, subculture, or regionwords formed by combining the roots of twodifferent languagesFrench, Spanishremoval of a letter, syllable, or unaccented vowelfrom the beginning of a word26

WORKSHEET ON DICTIONARY SKILLSNAMEDATEUsing a dictionary, give an example of the following forms:1.Intransitive verb2.Transitive verb3.An obsolete word4.A word whose origin is vulgar Latin5.A colloquialism6.A diminutive7.An interjection8.A five -syllable word9.A hybrid10.What does the abbreviation “i.e.” mean?11.What does the abbreviation “q.v.” mean?27

WORKSHEET: DICTIONARYNAMEDATE1. List five (5) examples of homographs from your dictionary and define them.2. List five (5) words that function as more than one part of speech, label what parts of speech they can be,and then use the words correctly in a complete sentence for each part of speech labeled.3. Trace the following words to their lytheistic28

WORKSHEET: DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS TERMINOLOGYNAMEDATE1.An action verb that can be followed by a direct object is a verb.2.Words which are spelled the same but have different meanings and/or pronunciations are called.3.Words at the top of a dictionary page that indicate the first and last word on the page are known as.4.A collection of supplemental material at the end of a book is called the.5.The use of “o’er” for “over” would be an example of .6.A different spelling of a word would be called a7.A word no longer or rarely used would be considered .8.refers to the ancient meaning or use of a word.9.Groups of words that have a separate meaning from their literal meaning are called.10.indicate words in a d11.is a term that means this word or meaning is used by commonpeople and often carries a social taboo.12.The second and third form of the entry word for a verb are known as the past and present.13.Any alternate form of a word found in a dictionary in boldtype is called a.appendixarchaicguide wordshomographsidiomsobsolete.poetic usageparticipalsubentrysuperscript numberstransitivevariantvulgar29ionary that are homographs.

WORKSHEET: THESAURUS AND DICTIONARYNAME1.2.DATEList synonyms and antonyms for the following words:a. evasiveSYNONYMSb. disparagingc. profused. sordide. tritef. lethargicg. amiableh. impliciti. vociferousj. malevolentk. refuteANTONYMSRewrite the following paragraphs by changing the underlined words.Many years ago, in the still of a summer morning, I was alone in my grandmother’s parlor, absorbed ina book. Suddenly, I lifted my eyes, and there, in a shaft of sunlight, was the most wonderful sight:sparkling dust motes swirling in slow motion, like stars in a galaxy. As I passed my hand through thecloud, each finger dragged a glittering vortex behind it.Without dust there would be no clouds, no delicate shades of green foliage or vari-hued shadows. Wecould not relish the lovely opalescent haze over mountains or savor breath-taking sunsets.30

WORKSHEET: USING THE THESAURUSNAMEDATEDIRECTIONS: Replace the underlined words with synonyms or words that are similar in meaning.No one could understand why a rich and pretty lady like Miss Sneets would want to teach third gradeat Rolling Rock Grade School. But there she was, smelling of perfume and looking happy, her brown hairpiled on top of her head. We stood there staring, scarcely believing our luck to get this beautiful lady as ourvery own teacher.We boys fell instantly in love with Miss Sneets, but none more than my best friend, Crazy EddieMuldoon. At first, Eddie would occasionally volunteer to skip recess so he could clean the blackboarderasers, whether they needed cleaning or not. For me, love was one thing, recess another. She wasdepriving me of my best friend’s company , and I began to hate her. Worse yet, in his efforts to show hislove for her, Eddie started studying. He became the champion of our weekly spelling bees. “ Wonderful,Edward!” Miss Sneets would say when Eddie spelled some stupid word nobody in the entire class wouldever have reason to use.But Miss Sneets made a gross mistake. “Now pupils,” she said one morning, “I think it importantfor all of you to be able to talk in front of groups. For the next few weeks we are going to have a Show andTell. Each day, one of you will bring in an interesting possession, show it to the class and tell us all aboutit.”A large percentage of the class, including myself, cringed in fear. We country kids didn’t havethings, let alone interesting ones! All of us counted on Crazy Eddie to come up with a good object for Showand Tell. An air of great expectation filled the room as Eddie, carrying a pail, walked up to give hispresentation. With a flair of the natural showman, Eddie deftly flipped off the top of the pail. “And now,ladies and gentlemen,” he said, “here is Marge Muldoon —my pet garter snake!” He lifted his hand andshowed the moving Marge. Miss Sneets fell backwards.31

WORKSHEET: LATIN PREFIXESNAMEDATEFor each word listed below, underline the Latin prefix and give a concise definition of the word in which theprefix is eteintrovertmaledictionperforate32

WORKSHEET: LATIN BASES AND AFFIXESNAMEDATEExplain how the meanings of the affixes and/or bases elicit the current meanings of the following underlinedwords as they appear in the given phrases.1.to expedite matters2.an odoriferous cologne3.his stentorian voice bellowed from the cave4.a copious amount5.a plethora of material6.an absolution of his crime7.a culpable act8.a benevolent ruler9.to implicate the suspect10.to exonerate him11.that is an inexplicable theory12.he is an ambulatory patient13.an amorous relationship14.her pulchritude was astounding15.his pugnacious attitude was offensive33

WORKSHEET: LATIN BASESNAMEDATEBrainstorm Activity: For each Latin base listed below, give three examples of words which use that T:34

ROMAN NUMERAL .MMI35DATE

ROMAN NUMERAL 6

WORKSHEET: GREEK BASESNAMEDATEBrainstorm Activity: For each Greek base listed below, give

To review how to use a thesaurus when searching for synonyms and antonyms Latin Lesson 1: Pages 23-24 ( textbook)—dictionary exercises Study a handout or poster showing a typical dictionary or thesaurus page entry Study a handout or poster listing terminology and abbreviations use in a dictionary Use a