KC And SC Water Supply Plan Scope Of Work
Scope of WorkEstimates of Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and SussexCounty, Delaware through 2030June 30, 2009Prepared by:Subcommittee of the Delaware Water Supply Coordinating CouncilPrepared for:Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council
Estimates of Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County,Delaware through 2030ES1. Executive Summary1. Introduction1.1. Purpose and Scope1.2. Role of Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council2. Demographics (UDWRA)2.1. Population2.2. Housing Units2.3. Land Use/Zoning2.4. Comprehensive Plans3. Hydrogeology (DGS)3.1. Hydrogeologic framework4. Water Supply Service Areas (UDWRA)4.1. Map CPCNs4.2. Interconnected systems map5. Groundwater Availability (DGS)5.1. Groundwater availability6. Water Quality (DNREC, DPH, UDWRA)6.1. Existing water quality6.2. Source water protection7. Water Supply (DNREC, DGS, DDA, DSGA)7.1. Existing water supplies Public community wells, over 50,000 gpd (Water utilities and Community systems) Public non-community systems (Nontransient/transient wells) Private individual wells Irrigation wells (farms, golf courses, nurseries, wastewater reuse) Industry, power plants8. Water Demand (UDWRA, DGS, DDA, DSGA)8.1. Existing public water demand8.2. Irrigation water demand8.3. Future water demand8.4. Water supply vs. demand (surplus/deficit)9. Conclusions/Recommendations9.1. Conclusions9.2. Recommendations10. ReportScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20301
Scope of WorkEstimates of Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County,Delaware through 2030June 30, 2009BackgroundThe Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council Act of 2003 authorized the WSCC to:“develop and publish water supply plans for southern New Castle County, Kent County, and SussexCounty. These plans shall identify and describe uses, localities or areas where water supply issuesexist and identify and describe localities or areas where future water supply issues may occur. Theseareas and uses should include, but not be limited to Middletown-Odessa-Townsend, Dover and centralKent County, Coastal Sussex County and agricultural irrigation uses. These plans shall contain anestimate of existing and future public and private water supplies and water demands through 2025.Private demands shall take into account, to the maximum extent practicable, all domestic, industrialand irrigation uses”.On June 24, 2009, the House of the 145th General Assembly passed Senate Bill 72 that:“ reauthorizes the WSCC plans to develop water supply and demand plans for Kent County andSussex County through 2030; and (5) extends the existence of the Water Supply Coordinating Councilfrom January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2016”.In 2008, the water supply plan for southern New Castle County was transmitted as the 9th Report to theGovernor and General Assembly Regarding the Progress of the Delaware Water Supply CoordinatingCouncil. The WSCC decided to estimate water supply and demands in Kent and Sussex Countiesbeginning with a base year of 2010 and then project 20 years out through 2030, instead of 2025.On May 5, 2009, the WSCC approved a draft outline for the Kent County and Sussex County watersupply plan and authorized a subcommittee to prepare a scope of work due by June 30, 2009. Theintention is to begin work during the summer of 2009 with a goal to complete the plan by December2010, a period of 18 months. The plan will be transmitted as the 11th or 12th Report to the Governorand General Assembly Regarding the Progress of the Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council.This scope of work was prepared by the following WSCC subcommittee:Bruce KraueterArtesian Water Co.Richard KrautzSussex CountyMary Ellen GrayKent CountyRick DuncanDelaware Rural Water AssociationTom RothTown of Henlopen Acres (Sussex County Association of Towns, SCAT)Kelly GlennSussex Shores Water Co.Ed HallockDelaware Division of Public HealthStewart LovellDelaware DNREC, Division of Water ResourcesLaura MenschDelaware Department of AgricultureSheila ShannonTidewater UtilitiesJonathan UrbanskiDelaware State Golf AssociationJohn TalleyDelaware Geological SurveyScott AndresDelaware Geological SurveyGerald KauffmanUniversity of Delaware - Water Resources AgencyMartin WollastonUniversity of Delaware - Water Resources AgencyScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20302
Scope of WorkES1. Executive SummaryA four page executive summary will be prepared to be transmitted to the Governor and GeneralAssembly, County Administrator and Levy Court of Kent County, County Administrator and Councilof Sussex County, and Mayors and Councils of the municipalities in both Counties.1. Introduction1.1. Purpose and Scope – The purpose of this work is to prepare a water supply plan for Kent andSussex Counties including estimates of water supply and demand through 2030. Water demand inthese counties is expected to increase with increased development and population over the next 20years. This water supply plan is designed to address anticipated increased water demands due toplanned, new development while protecting the water rights of the agricultural community.1.2. Role of Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council (UDWRA) - In August 2003 GovernorMinner signed HB 203 which reauthorized the Delaware Water Supply Coordinating Council toJanuary 1, 2010, expanded the WSCC to include statewide representation, and appointed the DelawareGeological Survey and University of Delaware Water Resources Agency as voting members. TheWSCC was originally created in July 2000 when Governor Carper signed House Bill 549 whichappointed the committee members and designated the UDWRA as State Water Coordinator(Temporary Water Coordinator for New Castle County). HB 549 also appointed the DGS, DNREC,and UDWRA to serve as technical advisors to the WSCC. On June 24, 2009, the House of the 145thGeneral Assembly passed Senate Bill 72 extending the role of the WSCC through January 1, 2016.2. Demographics2.1. Population (UDWRA) – Gather population data for 2005, 2010, 2020, and 2030 from theDelaware Population Consortium compiled by the University of Delaware Center for AppliedDemography and Survey Research (CADSR). Include population data from the 2010 U. S. Census.Projected residential water demands through 2030 will be based on population projections. As ofOctober 2008, the population of Kent County is projected to increase 20% from 159,980 in 2010 to190,867 by 2030. The population of Sussex County is projected to increase 38% from 197,313 in 2010to 272,313 by 2030.2.2. Housing Units (UDWRA) – Gather housing unit data and projections through 2030 from CADSRand from the County Comprehensive Plans to estimate per dwelling water use.2.3. Land Use/Zoning (UDWRA) – Map and compile land use/land cover from 2007 digitalorthophotographs prepared by the State of Delaware and from the County Comprehensive Plans.Obtain zoning mapping from County Comprehensive Plans to estimate future land uses through 2030as a way to project future water needs.2.4. Comprehensive Plans (UDWRA) – Obtain demographic and planning data from and integrate withthe Kent County (adopted October 2008) and Sussex County (adopted June 2008) ComprehensivePlans. Integrate the water supply plan with the comprehensive plans of the following municipalities:Scope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20303
Bethany rDewey BeachDoverFenwick ordMillsboroMillvilleMiltonOcean ViewRehoboth BeachSeafordSelbyvilleSmyrnaSouth BethanyWyomingViola3. Hydrogeology3.1. Hydrogeology (DGS) – Summarize the hydrogeologic framework of Kent and Sussex Countieswhich will include cross-sections, isopoch maps, and areas of potential use of each aquifer. The DGSwill utilize data from many of the published reports for this area of the Coastal Plain including:Ground-Water Geology of the Delaware Atlantic Seashore (Report of Investigations No. 17)Results of the Coastal Sussex County, Delaware, Ground-Water Quality Survey (Report ofInvestigations No. 49)Wellhead Protection Area Delineations for the Lewes-Rehoboth Beach Area, Delaware (Report ofInvestigations No. 65)Ground-Water Recharge Potential Mapping in Kent and Sussex Counties, Delaware (Report ofInvestigations No. 66)Geology and Extent of the Confined Aquifers of Kent County, Delaware (Report of Investigations No.72)Basic Hydrologic Data for Coastal Sussex County, Delaware (Special Pub. 14)4. Water Supply Service Areas4.1. Map water supply service areas, CPCNs (UDWRA) – Update and map the water supply serviceareas as delineated by Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCNs) approved by thePublic Service Commission. Approved public water supply service areas in Kent and Sussex Countiesinclude:Kent CountyArtesian Water CompanyCamden- Wyoming SewerClaytonDoverFeltonFredericaSussex CountyArtesian Water CompanyBethany BeachBladesBridgevilleDagsboroDelmarScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20304
HarringtonJ.H. Wilkerson & SonMagnoliaMilfordPickering Beach WaterSmyrnaTidewater UtilitiesFrankfordGeorgetownGreenwoodJ.H. Wilkerson & SonLaurelLewes Board of Public WorksLong Neck Water illeSussex County CouncilSussex Shores Water CompanyTidewater Utilities4.2. Interconnected system map (UDWRA) – Gather information from the water purveyors andprepare a regional, interconnected system map using GIS depicting water lines, interconnections, watertanks, and pumps, and other infrastructure.5. Groundwater Availability5.1. Groundwater availability (DGS) – Utilize existing reports and data to determine currentgroundwater use and availability (mgd) by aquifer. Compile information on hydraulic characteristicsof each aquifer to determine adequacy for evaluating future availability. Conduct analysis todetermine additional data needs.6. Water Quality6.1. Existing water quality (DNREC, DPH, and UDWRA) - Conduct a literature review using DGS,USGS, and Division of Public Health sources. Summarize existing water quality of groundwater inKent and Sussex Counties for parameters such as nutrients, radon, bacteria, and chlorides. Comparegroundwater quality to Delaware drinking water standards.6.2. Source water protection (DNREC) - Summarize source water protection programs implemented bygovernments with year round populations over 2000 in complying with the Delaware Source WaterProtection Law of 2001.7. Water Supply7.1. Existing water supplies (DNREC, DGS, DDA, and DSGA) - Research DNREC Division of WaterResources and Delaware Geological Survey records and tabulate existing water usage (mgd) for thefollowing well categories: Public community wells (over 50,000 gpd) Water utilities Community systems Public non-community systemsScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20305
Nontransient/transient wells Private individual wells Irrigation wells (farms, golf courses, nurseries, wastewater reuse) Industry, power plantsThe DNREC Source Water Protection Program has compiled a database of public water supply wellsin Delaware (excerpt enclosed) that lists public water supplies in Kent and Sussex Counties with datasuch as date drilled, capacity, diameter, and depth of well.FACILITY NAMEALLEN FREARELEMENTARYAquatic ResourcesCenterBaltimore Air CoilBaltimore AircoilBarnacle Bills Rest.Blanton's MHPBombay HookBoon Docks Rest.Bowers MHPCamden DistrictCamden Moose LodgeCanterbury CrossingNote: Abbreviated tableDNREC meter8. Water Demand8.1. Existing public water demand (UDWRA, DGS) - Calculate existing 2010 water demands (normaland maximum monthly peak) using a computerized monthly report forms maintained by DNREC andfilled out by the water purveyors. Obtain per capita use estimates of water demand and verifyestimates using population and housing unit data. Verify estimates of water demand with wastewaterprojections contained in the County comprehensive plans.8.2. Irrigation water demand (DGS, DNREC, DDA, DSGA) – Work with the Delaware Department ofAgriculture and the Delaware State Golf Association to estimate irrigation water demands. Accordingto the 2007 Census of Agriculture (USDA) compiled by the DDA, total land in farms has decreasedbut irrigated land has increased between 2002 and 2007. Agricultural land and need for irrigation mayincrease in the future due to development of new specialty crops. Discuss new efforts to utilize treatedwastewater on farms and efforts to increase agriculture irrigation in order to reduce pollutant run-off.Scope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20306
Kent CountyLand in farms (ac)2002182,3292007173,808-6%Irrigated land (ac)200229,039200729,066 0.09%%Sussex CountyLand in farms (ac)2002283,5032007269,464-5%Irrigated land (ac)200265,491200772,785 11%%The DSGA is compiling a list of irrigation well data at the following golf courses.Sussex CountyKent CountyGarrison LakeBear Trap DunesEagle CreekSussex PinesMaple DaleCripple CreekWild QuailThe RookeryJonathan’s LandingSalt PondRehoboth CCKings CreekShawneeThe PeninsulaBaywood GreensBethany BayBayside Resort8.3. Future water demand (UDWRA) – Estimate future water demands for 2020 and 2030. Futurepublic water supply demands will be based in part on population projections by census block, waterpurveyor, and municipality and future land use projections in town and county comprehensive plans.8.4. Comparison of Supply and Demand (UDWRA) - Compare existing water supply to current andfuture demand to determine whether surplus or deficits are projected in the future through 20309. Conclusions/Recommendations9.1. Conclusions9.2. Recommendations10. ReportPublish 200 copies of the final report for transmittal to the Governor, General Assembly, and KentCounty and Sussex County elected and appointed officials.Scope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20307
ScheduleTaskCommence work1. Introduction2. Demographics3. Hydrogeology4. Water Supply Service Areas5. Groundwater Availability6. Water Quality7. Water Supply8. Water Demand10. Conclusions/Recommendations10. Draft ReportFinal ReportMilestoneJul 2009Sep 2009Oct 2009Nov 2009Nov 2009Dec 2009Jan 2010Apr 2010May 2010Jun 2010Jul 2010Dec 2010Scope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 20308
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Community Water SystemsKent CountyDairy QueenDE Museum of Natural HistoryFenwick TowersFox Hunter CrossingGlenwood InnIskander Islander InnKings Grant IMancini's Rest.NantucketsPure H2O CompanyRainbow InnSambo's TavernSands MotelSea DunesShoals, TheTreasure BeachWoodside InnALLEN FREAR ELEMENTARYAquatic Resources CenterBaltimore Air CoilBarnacle Bills Rest.Blanton's MHPBombay HookBoon Docks Rest.Bowers MHPCamden DistrictCamden-WyomingCamden-Wyoming Moose LodgeCanterbury CrossingCanterbury CrossingCapital Nursing and RehabilitationCARE A LOTCarlisle VillageCENTRAL CHRISTIAN SCHOOLChesDel Rest.Clayton WaterColonial Tennis ClubCooper FarmsCountry AcresCountryside EstatesDE ST. POLICE TROOP #3DE State Troopers AssociationDelaware State FairDELDOT (AREA #21)Dover Air Force BaseDover Air Force Base HousingAnnexDover Air ParkDover Skating CenterDover WaterFairways InnFelton WaterDNREC DWR Source Water Data BaseSussex CountyAbbott's MillAdmirals BridgeAdmirals BridgeALLEN'S FAMILY FOODSALLEN'S HATCHERYAngola BeachAngola by the BayAngola Crest IAngola Crest IIARROW SAFETY DEVICEAspen MeadowsAvalon ParkBay CaféBay CityBay ColonyBeach Quarters CondoBethany BayBethany Beach WaterBethany Club TennisBethany Meadows (Foxfire Meadow)Big T Family RestaurBlades WaterBoat Hole MarinaBowersetBriarwoodBriarwood ManorBridgeville Commercial ParkBridgeville MallBridgeville WaterBroadkill BeachBurger King - SeafordCamelot T.P.Camp ArrowheadCandy KitchenCape WindsorCaptain Pete'sCarey EstatesCat Hill (Artesian)Cea DagCedar Creek EstatesCedar Shore Condo'sCedar VillageCherry Creek ValleyCHILD CRAFTChildren's PlaceChit Chat's 2Christian TabernacleClayton TheaterClear Brooke EstatesClearwaterColonial EastScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 203027
Fisherman's VillageFlying DutchmanForest GroveFrederica WaterGarrison VillageGeneral ClothingGeneral’s GreeneGoose Creek Food StoreGranada T.P.Grandview T.P.HANOVER FOODSHARRINGTON DAY CAREHarrington Moose LodgeHarrington WaterHARTLY ELEMENTARYHartly T.P.Hedgerow HollowHigh Point South SystemHigh Point Spring Valley SystemHigh Point West SystemHillside AcresHilltop T.P.Holly Hill EstatesHunter’s PointeILC DOVERImperial Shopping CenterIntegrated Health ServicesIron Gate InnJ & J Trailer ParkKENT CHRISTIAN ACADEMYKENT COUNTY MOTOR SALESKENT COUNTY WASTEWATERFACILITIESKENTON DAY CAREKentwoods/SheffieldKillens PondKing’s Cliffe MobileKitts HummockLAKE FOREST H.S.Lake Forest MHPLakeland MHCLaw’s MHPLeisure HavenLynch’s T.P.M & S RentalsMagnolia WaterMaime A. Warren Maturity CenterMaranatha CourtMilford Water SystemMill's Bros. MarketMisty PinesMOORE'S LAKE PLAZAMt. Vernon EstatesNanticoke HomesColonial EstatesCool BranchCottages on White CreekCountry KIDS CHILD CARECountry LivingCountry Rest HomeCounty SeatCoverdale Child Care CenterDaniels Trailer ParkDel AgraDelaware AdolescenceDELAWARE ELECTRIC COOP.DELAWARE ST. POLICE TROOP #4Deldot Area #20Delmar WaterDe-Lux Dairy MarketDenton MillsDEPT. HIGHWAYS AND TRANS.Dillard's RestaurantDonovan SmithDove EstatesDove EstatesDP&LDRAPER KING COLEDutch Oven RestaurantE.I. DUPONT (SEAFORD)Ed’s M.H.PEnchanted AcresEnchanted Meadows (Lazy Lagoon)EPWORTH CHRISTIAN SCHOOLEVELYN MORRIS ELEMENTARYFenwick Center IFenwick Island State ParkFenwick Islander MotelFenwick LandingFenwick Light HouseFenwick Sea Charm MotelFenwick Towne VillageFish HookForest ParkFoxfire MeadowFrankford WaterGeorgetown WaterGolden CorralGosling Creek 1Gosling Creek 1Gray's Trailer ParkGreat Scott BroadcastingGreen AcresGreenwood Mennonite SchoolGreenwood WaterGrotto Pizza South BethanyGull PointScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 203028
Oak GroveOak GrovePERDUE (MILFORD)Pickering BeachPinewood AcresPLAYTEXPOLYTECH H.S.PPGPure H2O CompanyQUALITY KITCHENSREICHOLD CHEMICALSRidgewood ManorRising Sun PlazaRoute 8 DinerRt 10 PlazaSail InnSail Loft Rest.Sam’s T.P.SANDEL PACKINGSandel PackingSeafarer RestaurantShore Stop #60Smyrna WaterSouth Bowers ImprovementSouthwood AcresSt. Jones LandingStrimel’s T.P.The Water StillThomas England HouseTRAPPE PACKINGTwin MaplesU.S. COLD STORAGEUL HarmenUnited Parcel ServiceVillage InnVoshell’s CoveWAWA #824Webb Acres Mini MartWhispering PinesWild Quail G & CCWILLIS AUTO MALLWillow TreeWinding RidgeWoodbury AcresWoodland ManorWoodland T.P.Woods EdgeGull's Way CampgroundGumboro General StorHappy Go Lucky TrailHenlopen AcresHoliday AcresHoliday EstatesHoliday PinesHolly Lake MHPHolly OakHolly ViewHolt's Landing StateHomestead ParkHomestead ParkHunter Mill EstatesIndian River Admin.Isle of Fenwick TownJennie Wren Day CareJim's HideawayKENT\SUSSEX DETOX CENTERKings Grant System ILaurel Oasis RestaurLaurel VillageLaurel WaterLayton’s RivieraLewes DistrictLewes WaterLight House StationLighthouse Trailer ParkLingo EstatesLITTLE ANGELS DAY CARELochwood 1Long Neck VillageLord Baltimore Elementry SchoolLove Creek ParkLove Creek WoodsLynn Lee VillageMallard LakesMallard PointMariner's CoveMassey’s LandingMcNichol PlaceMeadows at Cubbage PondMidway EstatesMidway Shopping CenterMilford First BaptistMilford Water SystemMillpond AcresMillsboro WaterMilton LodgeMilton WaterMobile Gardens #1Mother GooseNanticoke HomesNarrowsScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 203029
Nassau ParkNew Market VillageNorth Bethany SeafoodO.A. NewtonOak OrchardOcean FarmsOcean FarmsOld Landing Public Golf CourseOld Mill Crab HousePeddlers Village ShopsPENCOPepper RidgePERDUE (GEORGETOWN)PERDUE FEEDMILLPine Crest TerracePine Haven Mobile ParkPine RidgePine Tree CampsitesPit,ThePleasant Acres(Peaceful Acres)Point FarmPot NetsPrimehook BeachPyle CenterPYLE CENTERRed Mill MotelRehoboth BayRehoboth DistrictRehoboth ShoresRehoboth WaterRoxfordSand Hill AcresSand Hill T.PSavannah PlaceScottsdaleSea ColonySeafarer Village 1Seaford Ice & Cold StorageSeaford Swimming Pool Assoc.Seaford WaterSelbyville WaterShady AcresShady NookShady ParkShockley TownSilver View FarmsSlaughter BeachSlaughter Neck Community ActionSmith LandingStage VillageStockley CenterSuburban PropaneSummer Time TrailerSunshine PlazaScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 203030
Sussex County AirportSussex County Industrial AirparkSussex EastSussex ManorSussex ShoresSussex Vocational Tech. CenterSwann EstatesSwann KeysSweet BriarTall PinesTeal PointThe GladeThe OrchardThomas HorseshoeTimber AcresTodd's MHPTOWNSENDSTrap Pond State ParkTreasure BeachTwin CedarUniversity of DE (Georgetown)Up Country MHPVillage of FenwickVillage Square Child CareVines CreekVLASICWalker’s MillWarren's Station Rest.WatersideWee WisdomWest BayWhite OakWoodlands at MillsboroWoods on Herring CreekYork Beach Mall c/oScope of Work – Water Supply and Demand for Kent County and Sussex County through 203031
supply plan and authorized a subcommittee to prepare a scope of work due by June 30, 2009. The intention is to begin work during the summer of 2009 with a goal to complete the plan by December 2010, a period of 18 months. The plan will be transmitted as the 11th or 12th Report to the Governor
PART I : WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. General 1-2. Need to protect water supplies 1-3. Water supply schemes 1-4. Project drawings 1-5. Report of water supply scheme/project 1-6. Importance of water supply project 1-7. Layout of water supply project QUESTIONS 1 Chapter 2 QUANTITY OF WATER 2-1. Data to be collected 2-2 .
Water Re-use. PRESENTATION TITLE / SUBTITLE / DATE 3. Water Scarcity. Lack of access to clean drinking water. New challenges call for new solutions Water Mapping: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Reclaim Water resources Water Fit for Purpose Water resources Tap Water Waste water Cow Water Rain water Others WIIX Mapping True Cost of Water
Turn "OFF" electrical supply to the water heater. FIGURE 1. 2. Open a nearby hot water faucet until the water is no longer hot. When the water has cooled, turn "OFF" the water supply to the water heater at the water shut-off valve or water meter. FIGURE 2. 3. Attach a hose to the water heater drain valve and put the other
2 index sl.no. subject page no. 1 tamil nadu water supply and drainage board act, 1970 1 – 33 2 tamil nadu water supply and drainage board service regulations, 1972. 34 – 129 3 tamil nadu water supply and drainage board officer's and servant's conduct regulations, 1972. 130 – 152 4 tamil nadu water supply and drainage board employee's ( discipline and appeal)
realizing sustainable water supply, is attributed to lack of articulate and holistic water policy and insufficient in- vestment for safe drinking water supply [10]. In addition to this, communities lack capability in managing the wa-ter supply schemes. Such problems indicate the need of in depth studies to investigate the rural water supply sys-
2) Current condition of water supply Interruption in water supply On average, the frequency of interruption in water supply is 2 times per month, and number of areas with interruption in water supply for 2 hours or more is 2 as shown in Figure-2 and Figure-3. These two areas are deemed to face seriou
Water Distribution system is that part of water supply scheme that takes the treated water from the reservoir or the headwork through a system of pipe connections to the consumer. Prior to water distribution, there is water treatment and water transmission aspects. Water utilities construct, operate, and maintain water supply systems.
A water supply system is analogous to the human circulatory system. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, veins, and capillaries to supply oxygen to all part of the body. A water pump supplies water through primary, secondary, and distributor water mains to supply water to consumers and for fire protection.
