Bell Ringer - Alcsny

Bell RingerGood Morning and Welcome Back!Please take out your copy of the Rocks NotesYour bell ringer is to separate the items inthe bin at your squad into three differentgroups

Types of Rocks, Dr. BinocsRocksRock Cycle

How do geologists identify rocks?When studying a rock sample geologists observe therock’s mineral composition, color and texture

How do geologists identify rocks?Rock-forming minerals are the 20 main minerals that make up themajority or most of the rocks of Earths CrustSome of these include quartz, feldspar, mica, granite and basalt

Rock TextureMost rocks are made up of particles ofminerals or other rocks which are calledgrainsGrains give the rocks its textureA rock’s texture is the look and feel of therock’s surface.

Grain SizeCoarse-grained- when the grains in a rock are largeand easy to seeFine-grained- when the grains are so small that theycan only be seen with a microscope.No visible grain

Grain ShapeThe grain’s shape can result from The shapes of the crystals that form the rock The fragments of several rocks

Grain PatternTwig Rock TypesSome grains lie in flat layersSome grains make a swirling patternSome have grains of different colors in bands

Classification of Rocks1. Igneous Rockforms from thecooling of magmaor lava3 types of rockDr. Bionics Rock Types2. Sedimentary Rockforms when particles fromother rocks or remains ofplants and animals arepressed together3. MetamorphicRock- Forms whenexisting rock ischanged by heat,pressure orchemicalreactions.

Bell RingerGood MorningPlease take out your copy of the Rocks NotesAnswer the following questions in your sciencejournal1.What gives rocks their texture and color2.What determines if a rock is coarse or smooth3.What are the three types of rocks

Igneous RocksAny rock that forms from magma or lavaSo what are some igneous rocks that you already know?Igneous rocks are classified according to their origin, texture, andmineral composition.

Origin of Igneous RocksIgneous rocks may formon or beneath Earth’ssurfaceExtrusive rock is formedfrom lava that eruptedonto Earth’s surface(example basalt)Intrusive rock is formedfrom magma thathardened beneathEarth’s surface (examplegranite)Igneous Rocks

TextureThe texture of an igneous rock depends on the size and shape of itsmineral crystals.Remember what is one thing that controls the size of crystal growth?The faster lava/magma cools, the smaller the crystals.The slower the lava/magma cools the bigger the crystals.Therefore why would the crystal size of intrusive igneous rock andextrusive igneous rock be different sizes?Intrusive rock comes from Magma that’s deep inside the earthwhere it can cool at a slower rate.Extrusive rock comes from lava that has cooled on the surface ofthe earth at a faster rate

TextureIntrusive rocks have larger crystals than extrusive rocksSo will Granite or Basalt have a larger crystal structure?Basalt is a fine-grained extrusive rock with small crystals.While Granite is a coarse-grained intrusive rock

Mineral CompositionTHROWBACK! What material was responsible for theviscosity, color, and speed of lava and magma?Silica!Lava that is low in silica forms dark-colored rocks(like basalt). While lava that is high in silica formslight-colored rocks (like granite)So what is responsible for the color of rocks?The mineral composition of the rock determines thecolor of the rock

Uses of Igneous RocksPeople have used igneous rock for tools, and buildingmaterials throughout history.

Bell RingerGood MorningPlease take out your copy of the Rocks NotesAnswer the following questions in your sciencejournal1.What type of Igneous Rock is Basalt?2.What determines the texture of a rock?3.Why is granite a coarse-grained Igneous rock?

Sedimentary RocksWhat do you think sedimentary rocks are made of?Sediment- small, solid pieces of material like shells, bones,leaves, and stems that come from rocks or living things

Sedimentary RocksHow are they formed?Sedimentary RocksSedimentary rocks form when sediment is deposited by waterand wind.Most sedimentary rocks are formed through the followingprocesses;Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, & Cementation.

ErosionErosion is when destructive forces like heat, cold, rain, waves andgrinding ice form sedimentDuring erosion running water, wind or ice loosen and carry awayfragments of rock.

DepositionDeposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the wateror wind carrying it.Deposition can occur when the moving water, wind or ice slowsand deposits the sediment in layers.

CompactionCompaction is the process thatpresses sediments togetherThick layers of sediment buildup gradually over millions ofyears.These heavy layers press downon the layers beneath themwhich further compacts thesediments squeezing themtightly together.

CementingCementation is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallizeand glue particles of sediment togetherThis happens during compaction while the minerals in the rock areslowly dissolving in the water.These dissolved minerals seep into spaces between particles and thenharden.

Sedimentary Rock Formation

Types of Sedimentary RocksThere are three major groups of sedimentary rocks:1. clastic rocks, 2. organic rocks and 3. chemical rocks

1. Clastic RocksAre sedimentary rocks formed from the rock fragments beingsqueezed together.They are grouped by the size of the fragments or particles of whichthey are made.

2. Organic RocksForms when the remains of plants and animals are depositedin thick layers.They must have come from living things

3. Chemical RocksForms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize.

Bell RingerGood MorningPlease take out your copy of the Rocks NotesAnswer the following questions in your science journal1.What are the four processes sedimentary rocks gothrough?2.What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?3.What type of rock is a fossil (get as specific as you can)4.What does the term metamorphosis mean?

Metamorphic rockWhat does the word metamorphic mean?Think about the term metamorphosis

Intro to the Rock CycleWhat is a Metamorphic Rock?When any rock changesdue to the extremeheat and pressure thatis deep within Earth’ssurface it is called ametamorphic rock.When this happens therock’s appearance,texture, crystal structureand mineral content allchange

Types of Metamorphic RockGeologists classify metamorphic rocks according to thearrangement of the grains that make up the rocks

Foliated RocksThese are metamorphic rocks with mineral grains arranged inthin, flat parallel layers or bandsSlate, schist and gneiss

Non Foliated RocksThese are metamorphic rocks where the mineral grains arearranged randomly.Examples; Quartzite & Marble

Forming Metamorphic RockRemember Extreme heat and pressure can change one type of rockinto another

Igneous RocksMagma or LavaForm when coolsand hardens.quicklyfineExtrusive cools grain(basalt)coarseslowlyIntrusive cools grain(granite)

Sedimentary Rocks-Form when sediment, minerals, plants and animals -Three types of Sedimentary Rocks include;Clastic1.(rock fragments)Organic2. (fossils)Chemical (crystallized minerals)3.

Metamorphic Rocks-Form from other rocks that change due to extremeheatpressure beneath Earth’s surfaceand- Two types of Metamorphic RocksFoliated1.(parallel layers)Non foliated (random grains)2.

SedimentaryRockIgneousRockTheRockCycleMetamorphic Rock

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

The Rock CycleReview: What are PlateTectonics?The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several plates that movealong at convergent, divergent and transform plate boundaries.How do you think Plate Tectonics has an impact in the rock cycle?Plate movements start the rock cycle by helping to form magma, the sourceof igneous rocks.Plate movements also cause faulting, folding, and other motions of thecrust that help to form sedimentary and metamorphic rocksThe convection currents are driving sea-floor spreading and subductionwhich is how the rocks move through the rock cycle

1. Igneous Rock-forms from the cooling of magma or lava 3 types of rock 2. Sedimentary Rock-forms when particles from other rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed together 3. Metamorphic Rock- Forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions. Dr. Bionics Rock