Language Strand

4. THE RESULTS: COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS AND LITERACYLANGUAGE STANDARDS33Language StandardsThe Language Standards include the essential “rules” of standard written and spoken English, but they also approach language as a matter ofcraft and informed choice among alternatives. The vocabulary standards focus on understanding words and phrases and their nuances andrelationships, and on acquiring new vocabulary, particularly general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. Students advancingthrough the levels are expected to meet each level’s specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understanding mastered inpreceding levels.9Language StrandKey: The citation at the end of each standard in the following chart identifies the CCSSstrand, grade, and number (or standard number and letter, where applicable).For example, L.9-10.1 stands for Language, Grade 9-10, Standard 1.L: LanguageABCDECCR Anchor 1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishgrammar and usage whenwriting or speaking.a. Print all upper- andlowercase letters.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishgrammar and usage whenwriting or speaking.a. Use collective nouns (e.g.,group).b.b.c.d.9Use common, proper, andpossessive nouns.Use singular and pluralnouns with matching verbsin basic sentences (e.g., Hehops; We hop).Use personal, possessive,and indefinite pronouns(e.g., I, me, my; they, them,their; anyone, everything).NGA (2010a), p. 8.c.d.e.Explain the function ofnouns, pronouns, verbs,adjectives, and adverbs ingeneral and their functionsin particular sentences.Form and use regular andirregular plural nouns.Use reflexive pronouns(e.g., myself, ourselves).Form and use the past tenseDemonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishgrammar and usage whenwriting or speaking.a. Explain the function ofconjunctions, prepositions,and interjections in generaland their function inparticular sentences.b.Use relative pronouns (who,whose, whom, which, that)and relative adverbs(where, when, why).c.Form and use theprogressive (e.g., I waswalking; I am walking; Iwill be walking) verb tenses.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishgrammar and usage whenwriting or speaking.a. Ensure that pronouns are inthe proper case (subjective,objective, possessive).b.c.Use intensive pronouns.Recognize and correctinappropriate shifts inpronoun number andperson.d.Recognize and correctvague or unclear pronouns.Recognize variations fromstandard English in their owne.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishgrammar and usage when writingor speaking.a. Use parallel structure.b.Use various types of phrases(noun, verb, adjectival,adverbial, participial,prepositional, absolute) andclauses (independent,dependent; noun, relative,adverbial) to convey specificmeanings and add varietyand interest to writing orpresentations. (L.9-10.1)

4. THE RESULTS: COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS AND LITERACYLANGUAGE STANDARDSABC34DECCR Anchor 1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.Use verbs to convey asense of past, present, andfuture (e.g., Yesterday Iwalked home; Today I walkhome; Tomorrow I willwalk home).Use frequently occurringadjectives.Use frequently occurringnouns and verbs.Use frequently occurringconjunctions (e.g., and, but,or, so, because).Use determiners (e.g.,articles, demonstratives).Use frequently occurringprepositions (e.g., during,beyond, toward).Understand and usequestion words(interrogatives) (e.g., who,what, where, when, why,how).Produce and expandcomplete simple andcompound declarative,interrogative, imperative,and exclamatory sentencesin response to prompts.(L.K.1 and 1.1 merge)10f.g.h.of frequently occurringirregular verbs (e.g., sat,hid, told).Use abstract nouns (e.g.,childhood).Form and use regular andirregular verbs.Form and use the simple(e.g., I walked; I walk; Iwill walk) verb tenses.i.Ensure subject-verb andpronoun-antecedentagreement.j. Form and use comparativeand superlative adjectivesand adverbs, and choosebetween them depending onwhat is to be modified.k. Use coordinating andsubordinating conjunctions.l.Produce simple, compound,and complex sentences.m. Produce, expand, andrearrange complete simpleand compound sentences(e.g., The boy watched themovie; The little boywatched the movie; Theaction movie was watchedby the little boy). (L.2.1 and3.1 merge)d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k.Use modal auxiliaries (e.g.,can, may, must) to conveyvarious conditions.Form and use the perfect(e.g., I had walked; I havewalked; I will have walked)verb tenses.Use verb tense to conveyvarious times, sequences,states, and conditions.Recognize and correctinappropriate shifts in verbtense.Order adjectives withinsentences according toconventional patterns (e.g.,a small red bag rather thana red small bag).Form and use prepositionalphrases.Use correlativeconjunctions (e.g.,either/or, neither/nor).Produce completesentences, recognizing andcorrecting inappropriatefragments and run-ons.l. Correctly use frequentlyconfused words (e.g., to,too, two; there, their).(L.4.1 and 5.1 merge)and others’ writing andspeaking, and identify anduse strategies to improveexpression in conventionallanguage.f. Explain the function ofverbals (gerunds, participles,infinitives) in general andtheir function in particularsentences.g. Form and use verbs in theactive and passive voice.h. Form and use verbs in theindicative, imperative,interrogative, conditional, andsubjunctive mood.i. Recognize and correctinappropriate shifts in verbvoice and mood.j. Explain the function ofphrases and clauses in generaland their function in specificsentences.k. Choose among simple,compound, complex, andcompound-complexsentences to signal differingrelationships among ideas.l. Place phrases and clauseswithin a sentence, recognizingand correcting misplaced anddangling modifiers. (L.6.1through 8.1 merge)10“Merge” signifies panelists selected all of the standards from the two grades indicated. In the merge, any repetition in content grade-to-grade was deleted; occasionally where similar contentwas covered grade-to-grade a single standard was edited, combining the text of both standards, to include the demands of both grades.

4. THE RESULTS: COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS AND LITERACYLANGUAGE STANDARDSABC35DECCR Anchor 2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishcapitalization, punctuation, andspelling when writing.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishcapitalization, punctuation, andspelling when writing.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishcapitalization, punctuation, andspelling when writing.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishcapitalization, punctuation, andspelling when writing.Demonstrate command of theconventions of standard Englishcapitalization, punctuation, andspelling when writing.a. Capitalize the first word in asentence and the pronoun I.a. Capitalize holidays, productnames, and geographicnames.a. Use correct capitalization.a. Use punctuation (commas,parentheses, ellipsis,dashes) to set offnonrestrictive/parentheticalelements.a. Use a semicolon (andperhaps a conjunctiveadverb) to link two or moreclosely related independentclauses.b. Use a comma to separatecoordinate adjectives (e.g.,It was a fascinating,enjoyable movie but not Hewore an old[,] green shirt).b. Use a colon to introduce alist or quotation.b. Capitalize dates and namesof people.c. Recognize and name endpunctuation.d. Use end punctuation forsentences.e. Use commas in dates and toseparate single words in aseries.f. Write a letter or letters formost consonant and shortvowel sounds (phonemes).g. Spell simple wordsphonetically, drawing onknowledge of sound-letterrelationships.h. Use conventional spellingfor words with commonspelling patterns and forfrequently occurringirregular words.i. Spell untaught wordsphonetically, drawing onphonemic awareness andspelling conventions. (L.K.2and 1.2 merge)b. Capitalize appropriatewords in titles.c. Use commas in greetingsand closings of letters.d. Use commas in addresses.e. Use commas and quotationmarks in dialogue.f. Use an apostrophe to formcontractions and frequentlyoccurring possessives.g. Form and use possessives.h. Use conventional spellingfor high-frequency andother studied words and foradding suffixes to basewords (e.g., sitting, smiled,cries, happiness).i. Generalize learned spellingpatterns when writing words(e.g., cage badge; boy boil).j. Use spelling patterns andgeneralizations (e.g.,word families, positionbased spellings, syllablepatterns, ending rules,meaningful word parts) inb. Use commas and quotationmarks to mark direct speechand quotations from a text.c. Use punctuation to separateitems in a series.d. Use a comma to separate anintroductory element fromthe rest of the sentence.e. Use a comma to set off thewords yes and no (e.g., Yes,thank you), to set off a tagquestion from the rest of thesentence (e.g., It’s true, isn’tit?), and to indicate directaddress (e.g., Is that you,Steve?).f. Use underlining, quotationmarks, or italics to indicatetitles of works.g. Use a comma before acoordinating conjunction ina compound sentence.h. Spell grade-appropriatewords correctly, consultingreferences as needed. (L.4.2and 5.2 merge)c. Use an ellipsis to indicatean omission.d. Spell correctly. (L.6.2through 8.2 merge)c. Spell correctly. (L.9-10.2)

4. THE RESULTS: COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS AND LITERACYLANGUAGE STANDARDSABC36DECCR Anchor 2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.writing words.k. Consult reference materials,including beginningdictionaries, as needed tocheck and correct spellings.(L.2.2 and 3.2 merge)CCR Anchor 3: Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and tocomprehend more fully when reading or listening.Note: This standard does notbegin until grade 2 in theCommon Core State Standards.Use knowledge of language andits conventions when writing,speaking, reading, or listening.Use knowledge of language andits conventions when writing,speaking, reading, or listening.Use knowledge of language andits conventions when writing,speaking, reading, or listening.a. Choose words and phrasesfor effect.a. Choose words and phrasesto convey ideas precisely.b. Recognize and observedifferences between theconventions of spoken andwritten standard English.(L.3.3)b. Choose punctuation foreffect.a. Vary sentence patterns formeaning, reader/listenerinterest, and style.c. Differentiate betweencontexts that call for formalEnglish (e.g., presentingideas) and situations whereinformal discourse isappropriate (e.g., smallgroup discussion).d. Expand, combine, andreduce sentences formeaning, reader/listenerinterest, and style.e. Compare and contrast thevarieties of English (e.g.,dialects, registers) used instories, dramas, or poems.(L.4.3 and 5.3 merge)b. Maintain consistency instyle and tone.c. Choose language thatexpresses ideas preciselyand concisely, recognizingand eliminating wordinessand redundancy. (L.6.3 and7.3 merge)