A Coherent Framework Of Indicators For Environmental M&E .
A Coherent Framework of Indicatorsfor Environmental M&E in MauritiusUNDP MauritiusSatyajeet RamchurnEnvironment Programme Analyst
UNDP Reporting Structure UNDP Mauritius reports to the Regional Bureau, which in turndepends on the UNDP HQ. In addition, there are the Donorswhich provide additional funds to the UNDPUNDPHeadquartersUNDP AfricaRegional BureauDonorsUNDP MauritiusCountry OfficeAF, GEF & OtherFundsMauritianGovernment
The Corporate Plan and its key outcomes–UNDP Strategic Plan 2014-17 Vision: Helping countries to achieve the simultaneous eradication ofpoverty and significant reduction of inequalities and exclusion Outcomes Growth and development are inclusive and sustainable, incorporatingproductive capacities that create employment and livelihoods for the poorand excluded; Citizen expectations for voice, development, the rule of law andaccountability are met by stronger systems of democratic governance; Countries have strengthened institutions to progressively deliver universalaccess to basic services; Faster progress is achieved in reducing gender inequality and promotingwomen’s empowerment; Countries are able to reduce the likelihood of conflict, and lower the risk ofnatural disasters, including from climate change; Early recovery and rapid return to sustainable development pathways areachieved in post-conflict and post-disaster settings; Development debates and actions at all levels prioritize poverty, inequalityand exclusion, consistent with our engagement principles.
Corporate Plan IIUNDP Strategic Plan 2014-17 Institutional effectiveness: three interrelated strategies Higher quality programmes through better project planning,design, monitoring and evaluation, underpinned by strongerresults-based management (RBM) The articulation of clear standards for RBM Minimum quality criteria for projects and strengthened qualityassurance processes at all stages of the project cycle A revision of the programme management cycle to improve quality,robustness and performance, while reducing time frames andadministrative load Establishment of a sustainable RBM support mechanism to workwith country offices over the next two years Greater organizational openness, agility and adaptability toharness knowledge, solutions and expertise Improved management of financial and human resources inpursuit of results in a way which is sustainable within projectedresource flows
UNDP Mauritius – Country Programme2013-16 National priority: Achieving environmental sustainability whileaddressing climate change and ensuring more effectiveenvironmental protection and conservation of natural resources Three pillars Pillar 1. Planning and resource management for inclusive growth Pillar 2. Social inclusion and empowerment Pillar 3. Energy and the environment Support the Mauritian government with advice on the design andimplementation of ‘green’, low-emission and climate-resilient policiesthat integrate gender and rights-based approaches Develop skills at the institutional level to design and manage morecomplex, technically demanding projects and programmes and tomonitor and evaluate their implementation Pursue a diversified portfolio of work on the sustainable management ofnatural resources particularly relevant to a small island developing state,incorporating the promotion of sustainable livelihoods and decent workfor vulnerable groups such as fishermen
UNDP Mauritius – Country Programme2013-16A coherent set of indicators for the Country Programme should be relevant tomultiple stakeholders, for environmental monitoring & evaluation. Indicators National institutions dealing with biodiversity adopt inclusiveglobal best practices Improved management for specific surface area of land andseascape, important for biodiversity and ecosystem services Number of coastal sites rehabilitated or protected Capacity built in climate change adaptation and mitigation inMauritius and Rodrigues Milestones of the Energy Action Plan Number of the endangered species maintained in the wild
Relationship between UNDP HQ and CO inMonitoring & Evaluation Why report? UNDP is accountable for the use of funds. (Paris Declaration)UNDP HQ needs to report on transformational change.UNDP HQ requires CO to use evidence to show development results.Reporting enables the mobilization of resources at different levels. Indicators used by HQ and CO should be linked by design. Last year, UNDP Mauritius CO linked the indicators in the countryprogramme in retrospect to the indicators developed based on theUNDP Strategic Plan. Some of the indicators matched, while theothers didn’t, undermining the effectiveness of UNDP’s integratedM&E system. Hard to find direct links between activities implemented in Mauritiusand the RBA Integrated Work Plan and enabling actions HQ does not have the same cycle as CO. UNDP Strategic Plan is for 2014-17, while UNDP Mauritius CountryProgramme is for 2013-16.
UNDP Mauritius – Country Programme2013-16 – Baseline and TargetsBaselineTargetNational Biodiversity Strategy and ActionPlan to be revisedNBSAP anchored in national developmentplan by 2016Forested areas decreased by 9.9% overpast 2 decadesAt least 150 sq km of biodiversity richterrestrial areas under protection by 2016About 25 sites identified by MoESD underthreat from coastal erosion partly as aresult of climate changeAt least 3 sites rehabilitated/protected by2016Lack of skills to address climate change inMauritius and RodriguesAt least 3 Ministries include ClimateChange in their policies and a climatechange adaptation framework is in place by2016Energy Action Plan approved in 2011Main milestones of the Energy Action Planachieved up to 201418 endangered species as per HDRNumber of endangered species maintainedor decreased by 2016
Brief comparison between MauritianGovernment Statistics & UNDP COUNDP CO Indicators (2013-16)Statistics Mauritius (2013)Improved management for specificsurface area of land and seascape,important for biodiversity andecosystem services Land Protected AreasMarine Protected AreasNumber of mangroves planted and areacoveredSea water quality in coastal areaAreal estimates for the variousEnvironmentally Sensitive Areas.Number of coastal sites rehabilitatedor protected List of Marine Protected AreasMilestones of the Energy Action Plan Energy intensityElectricity generation by source of energyPlant capacityImport dependency of energyCarbon dioxide emission from energy sectorTotal removals of carbon dioxide.Number of the endangered speciesmaintained in the wild Threatened plant speciesThreatened animal species
Examples of indicators used in project documentAdaptation Fund & UNDP CO Adaptation Fund Goal: Increased climate resilience of communities and livelihoodsin coastal areas in Mauritius Outcomes Clear and practical alignment of Mauritian policy, strategies, plans,and regulations with the most appropriate best practices foradaptation in the coastal zone A targeted coastal process/weather event monitoring system in place An early warning system designed and activated Increased climate resilience of public agencies, private sectorentities, and individuals Current climate change risks at three coastal demonstration projectsites resolved Effective capturing and dissemination of lessons from the appliedactivities
Example 2: Sustainable Management of PersistentOrganic PollutantsPOPs OutcomeIndicatorContinued need forDDT evaluatedRisk assessment of imported disease conductedLaboratory studies and small-scale field trials on efficacy of DDT and alternative chemicalscompletedStudy results to serve as basis for possible replacement of DDT with other insecticidesDecentralized capacityfor surveillancestrengthenedHealth inspectors and vector control teams in the project districts trained and supervised onaspects of vector surveillanceDecentralized IVMstrategy establishedMechanisms established and methods developed for analysis and decision-making for IVM atdistrict and municipal levelsDoubling of coverage or frequency of surveillance in project districts.Curricula developed for hands-on education of local stakeholders on the biology andepidemiology of diseaseDistrict staff trained on facilitation skillsMulti-stakeholder IVM committees and implementation of IVM established in project districtsIVM demonstrated inproject districtsIncrease in environmental management by communitiesLow seasonal peaks of vector mosquitoesAbsence of malaria outbreaksNote: None of the indicators in the project is aligned with the ones in the CountryProgramme.
Mauritian Government & UNDP CO Use of environmental statistics in the Mauritian government Need to develop a culture of M&E as statistics are available Use statistics primarily for socio-economic measures UNDP CO’s selection of M&E indicators UNDP Mauritius needs to be able to assess its contribution to anychange in the government’s environmental statistics. Based on UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa – Integrated Workplanwhich has no concern for locally collected indicators
Thank YouContact: satyajeet.ramchurn@undp.org
Indicators used by HQ and CO should be linked by design. Last year, UNDP Mauritius CO linked the indicators in the country programme in retrospect to the indicators developed based on the UNDP Strategic Plan. Some of the indicators matched, while the others didn’t, undermining the effectiveness of UNDP’s integrated M&E system.
Of the many non-linear optical techniques that exist, we are interested in the coherent Raman rl{ effect known as Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CNRS). The acronym CARS is also used to refer to Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy. CA RS is a four-wave mixing process where three waves are coupled to produce coherent
chip-based coherent lidar systems are likely to be developed around modulated CW architectures. Figure 1. Generic coherent ladar architecture. . 2D beam steering demonstrated to date. Bottom - physical layout on 6 211.5 mm chip. 4. Coherent Lidar Example Figure 6. FMCW lidar CNR vs. range prediction for realistic . Energy Efficient .
2 now every 2 continuous planes in the b phase will take a dislocation, very worse for the two phases to match or fit, thus falling to the category of incoherent interface.) for the interface with intermediate e 25%, usually called semicoherent interface. Coherent interface: see the figure below A coherent interface arises when two crystals match perfectly at the interface plane so that the .
The first step in third-order coherent Raman processes is to excite coherent molecular vibrations by beating frequency between two pulses (pump and Stokes pulses). The frequency of excited coherent vibrations corresponds to the frequency difference between the pump and Stokes pulses.8,22,24 Let us consider the nonlinear vibrational excitation .
fabricated by two-photon polymerization using coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B 113(38), 12663-12668 (2009). 31. K. Ikeda and K. Uosaki, "Coherent phonon dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes studied by time-frequency two-dimensional coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy," Nano Lett.
Table of contents 004 –007 Faulted circuit indicators overview 008 –010 Overhead faulted circuit indicators 011 –022 Underground faulted circuit indicators 023 –027 Cellular RTUs and receivers 028 –033 Clamp-type faulted circuit indicators 034 –043 Test point indicators 044 –047 Current sensors 048 –072 Capacitor controls 073 Index —
Indicators of Smart Growth in Maryland NCSGRE January 2011 5 . Conceptual and Technical Issues Common to any indicator effort: - Number of possible indicators. - Measurement of indicators. - Interpretation of indicators. - Aggregation of indicators.
which appear either in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05, or as reprints obtainable from ASTM. 1.2 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the purchase order, the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard .
