Environmental Science - Final Exam Review

Final Review 1Name KEY Date PeriodEnvironmental Science – Final Exam Review1.What is the environment? Name 4 things currently in your environment. 2.What is the root cause of most environmental concerns? 3.5.a. Solar EnergyRenewablec. AluminumNonrenewableb. PetroleumNonrenewabled. Wind EnergyRenewableWhat is a sustainable resource? Give an example.A “Tragedy of the Commons” is the overuse of a common natural resource.Careful management of resources can keep resources from being used up.In what locations of the world is solar energy most plentiful? In the US? 8.A sustainable resource is one that can be renewable if used up slower than it iscreated. An example is wood from trees.What is a “Tragedy of the Commons?” How can those situations be avoided? 7.A perpetual resource is one that cannot be affected by human use. Examplesinclude sunlight, wave energy, and wind power.Label the following resources as renewable or nonrenewable: 6.The root cause of most environmental concerns is the growing humanpopulation.What is a perpetual resource? Give an example. 4.The environment is all living and nonliving things that interact with humans.Your environment may include you, your family, your schoolwork, theatmosphere, etc.Solar power is most plentiful near the equator and in the Southwest of the US.Describe the process of :a. Reclamation The process of making usable land in an area that was previously mined.b. Fracking 9.The extraction of natural gas by breaking rocks beneath Earth surface.What is economic development? Give examples of two developed countries and twodeveloping nations. Economic development is the improvement of life through economicadvancement. The US, and Canada are developed, while most African andSoutheast Asian countries are developing.

Final Review 210.What kinds of countries have the highest ecological footprint? Why do you think this is? 11.What is recycling? Which material is the most efficient to recycle? 12.A species is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring.Genetic diversity causes individuals to be born with different traits. According tonatural selection, the traits that favor survival will be passed through tooffspring. An isolated population will eventually form a new species withdifferent traits.How is the growth rate of a population calculated? 19.An invasive species is not native to an area, but can eliminate endemic species.An example is the zebra mussel, which harms other aquatic life and clogs boats,reservoirs, etc.What is a species? Use natural selection to explain how speciation arises. 18.The biggest cause of biodiversity loss is habitat destruction. Techniques forpreserving biodiversity include protecting habitats, preserving genetic material,and captive breeding,What is an invasive species? Give an example of an invasive species and its effects on anecosystem. 17.An extinct species has no remaining individuals, an endangered species needsimmediate attention to avoid extinction, and threatened species has a decliningpopulation.What has been the biggest cause of biodiversity loss? Describe some techniques forpreserving biodiversity. 16.Biodiversity creates stable ecosystems, more stable and diverse crops, medicine,and ecotourism.Explain the difference between extinct, endangered, and threatened species. 15.Biodiversity is the measure of the number and kinds of species in an area. Apopulation is a measure of the number of organisms of one species in an area.List some benefits of biodiversity. 14.Recycling is the process of making waste into usable products. Aluminum is themost efficient recyclable material.What is biodiversity? What is a population? 13.Developed countries have the highest ecological footprint because they have thehighest wealth and access to natural resources.Growth rate of a population is measured by subtracting the deaths of organismsfrom the births in a population.What is a carrying capacity? The carrying capacity is the maximum number of organisms of a species that anecosystem can support.

Final Review 320.Define the following, including an example of each:a. Divergent Evolution Species with similar ancestors develop different traits. An example is thebeaks of Darwin’s finches.b. Convergent Evolution Species with dissimilar ancestors develop similar traits. An example is thewings of a bird and a bee.c. Parallel Evolution 21.Species with similar ancestors develop similar traits while isolated. Anexample is marsupial mammals compared to placental mammals.Answer the questions based on the population pyramid diagram below:ABCa. Which population(s) appears to be declining?b. Which population(s) indicate a developed country?CB&Cc. Which population is most likely a developing country?22.23.Fill in the table below with the correct type of symbiotic relationship:Type of SymbiosisDescriptionCommensalismOne organism benefits, but the other is neither helped nor harmedParasitismOne organism benefits and the other is harmed in some wayMutualismRelationship in which both organisms benefitPredationOne organism consumes the other organismWhere do all ecosystems obtain energy from? 24.AAll ecosystems obtain energy from the sun.What is an organism’s trophic level? List trophic levels from the bottom up. An organism’s trophic level is its rank in the feeding hierarchy. Trophic levels inorder: primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary, etc.

Final Review 425.How much energy from the 2nd trophic level is available in the 3rd trophic level? Howdoes this affect the size of populations at higher trophic levels? 26.27.Match the following types of organisms to the correct dietary habit:Bi. Producera. CarnivoreAii. Secondary Consumerb. AutotrophCiii. Primary Consumerc. HerbivoreWhich two abiotic factors are primarily used to classify biomes? 28.Only 10 % of the energy from the 2nd tropic level is available in the 3rd. As aresult populations decrease at higher tropic levels.Biomes are classified by their monthly temperature and precipitation.On a trip from the equator to the north pole, what biomes would you cross through (inorder)? From the north pole you would pass through the tundra to the taiga to thetemperature grasslands/deciduous forest to the tropical rainforest.29.Identify the biome described by the statements below:30.a. Coldest biome. Frozen most of the year-round. Tundrab. Warm biome of mostly tall grasses and little trees. Savannac. Moderate temperature with high rainfall. Temperate Rain Forestd. Cold biome with large, coniferous trees. Taigae. Mediterranean climate with frequent summer wildfires. Chaparralf. Wettest biome. Tropical Rain Forestg. Driest biome. DesertWhich biome would be found in:31.a. Seattle, WAc. SiberiaTemperate RainforestTundrab. Central Africad. Allendale, NJSavannaTemperate Deciduous ForestWhat is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary succession occurs in areas where there are no remains of life, includingsoil. Secondary succession occurs in ecosystems that are heavily damaged, butretain at least soil from before the event.

Final Review 532.Match the following statements to the correct nutrient:Bi. Does not cycle through the atmosphere.a. NitrogenCii. Is most influenced by human activity.b. PhosphorusAiii. Must be processed by bacteria before organisms can use.c. Carbon33.How much of Earth does water cover? What percentage of our water is fresh water wecan use? Water covers 71 % of Earth’s surface. 2.5 % of Earth’s water is freshwater.34.How much freshwater is available for drinking? Why is most of our fresh water notusable to humans? 1 % of freshwater is available for drinking, 79 % is frozen in glaciers, and 20 %is groundwater.35.Describe how a drop of water in a cloud can cycle to Earth’s surface and back to theatmosphere again. A water droplet in a cloud will fall to earth as precipitation where it caninfiltrate groundwater or enter a lake as runoff. Transpiration or evaporationwill send it to the atmosphere as vapor where it will condense back into a cloud.36.Explain the process of seafloor spreading (with names of the geological features) fromthe formation of new floor to the recycling of old floor. Seafloor is created from magma rising at the mid-ocean ridge. After millions ofyears, it is recycled through subduction at the deep-sea trench.37.What is the difference between saltwater, freshwater, and brackish water? Where is eachfound? Saltwater (oceans, seas) has the highest salinity ( 3 %), brackish (estuaries, saltmarshes) is medium salinity (.05-3 %), and freshwater (rivers, lakes) is lowsalinity ( .05 %).38.Contrast the adaptations of animals in the photic zone to those of the abyssal zone of theocean. Animals in the photic zone may breathe air and usually have dark top and lightundersides. Abyssal animals are carnivores/scavengers and often lack eyes.39.What is surface water? What are some bodies of surface water? Surface water is water accessible from land, including, rivers, lakes, streams,and wetlands.40.What is a watershed? How do watersheds spread water pollution? A watershed is a drainage basin for many tributaries. Pollution gets spread allthe way down from where the watershed is polluted.41.What is an aquifer? What qualities are important when locating a usable aquifer? An aquifer is an underground source of groundwater. Ideally, an aquifer isunconfined, with porous and permeable rocks, and a high water table.42.What is the water table? What areas tend to have low water tables? The water table is the level of groundwater below the surface. Dry areas, such asdeserts have low water tables far below the surface.