Fascism Rises In Europe - Murrieta.k12.ca.us
15-3 Fascism Rises in EuropeFascism—political movement that isextremely nationalistic, gives power toa dictator, and takes away individualrights
The economic crisis of the Great Depressionled to the loss of democracy in someEuropean countries. In these countries,millions of people turned to a strong rulerto try to solve some of their economicproblems. These leaders followed a set ofbeliefs called fascism—which is verynationalistic. They believed in authorityand built powerful militaries. The country’sgovernments were controlled by one partywhich was controlled by one leader—thenation’s dictator!
Rise of Fascism in ItalyMany Italians felt thenew democracy couldnot handle economicproblemsMany Italians wanted astrong leader Bitter disappointmentover not getting land inWWI Treaty of Versailles Rising inflation and highunemployment led tosocial unrest
Benito Mussolini Newspaper editor andpolitician Made bold promises to fixeconomy and rebuild armedforces (military) Promised to provide strongleadership Created Fascist Party in 1919 Popularity rose as economyimproved Stirred up fears of workers’revolt Won support of middle class,aristocracy, industrial leaders Fascist mob marches on Romeand puts Mussolini in power in1922
Benito Mussolini Il Duce (the leader)Abolished democracyOutlawed all other political partiesCreated secret police (terrorized opposition)Censored news media (radio, newspapers,magazines) to spread fascist doctrine Outlawed worker strikes Allied fascists with industrial leaders Never achieved total control like Stalin in Russia
Review Questions Define fascism What factors led to the rise of fascism inItaly after World War I?
Hitler Rises to Power inGermany 1919 Hitler joined aright-wing politicalgroup that wantedGermany to overturnthe Versailles Treaty Group names itself—National SocialistGerman Workers’Party (NAZI) Nazis form basis offascism in Germany
Nazi Germany Adopt swastika as symbol Form militia (brown shirts)who act as storm troopers Elect Hitler as Fuhrer Attempt to seize power inMunich failed, Hitlerimprisoned; Nazi’ weak Hitler writes Mein Kamf wherehe outlines his beliefs andgoals for Germany After release, Hitler revivesNazi Party Hitler gains national attentionwhen US loans stop duringGreat Depression
Mein Kampf Hitler’s Declaration– Aryans (blond blue eyedGermans) to be the “MasterRace”– Non-aryans are inferior (Jews,Gypsies, Slavs– Versailles Treaty is an outrage– Vows to regain lost land– Germany needs more“lebensraun” or living roomdue to overcrowding– Promised to get more land byconquering Europe andRussia
Hitler Becomes Chancellor Nazis became largest political party inGermany by 1932 Conservative leaders thought theycould control Hitler Hitler named Chancellor in 1933 Hitler called for elections, parliamentbuilding burns down Nazis blamed communists and winelections Hitler turned Germany into atotalitarian state
Hitler takes control of Germany After election, Nazis takecontrol of economy Strikes banned Labor unions dissolved Gov’t controls biz, labor Hitler puts nation to workbuilding factories, roads,weapons, serving in army Unemployment drops sharply
The Fuhrer is Supreme Hitler–––––––wanted total control of every aspect of people’s livesTurns media into propaganda machinesNon-conforming books are burnedChurches forbidden to criticize the gov’tHitler Youth GroupsEmphasized continuous struggle for victoryAnti-Semitism gains gov’t support and violenceagainst Jews erupts (Kristallnaght) signifying processto completely eliminate the Jewish people
Review Questions Define Nazism Why is Mein Kampf important? How did Hitler maintain power once hebecame chancellor of Germany in 1933?
Other Countries Fall to Dictators Nations formed after WWI also turn todictators to solve economic problems– Hungary– Poland– Yugoslavia– Albania– Bulgaria– Romania
Democratic Nations in Europe Only nations with strong traditions ofdemocracy able to hold onto democracy– Britain– France– ScandinaviaBy mid 1930s, two opposing groups dominateEurope—democratic and totalitarian states.Totalitarian states are willing to use violenceand military aggression to achieve theirgoals—including eliminating civil rights.
Review Questions Why did leadership of many eastern Europeancountries fall to dictators ? Why did the movements of fascism and Nazismand leaders like Mussolini and Hitler come topower during the crisis in Europe? What emotions did Mussolini and Hitler stir up intheir followers? Why did Hitler make children join Nazi youthgroups? What is lebensraum?
Complete the following ChartTotalitarian RegimesCountryLeaderRuling PartyMethods ofControlSegment ofSocietyundercontrolScapegoatsRussiaItalyGermany
Totalitarian iniHitlerRuling PartyCommunist PartyFascist PartyNAZI PartyMethods of ControlSecret police, policeterror, spy,propaganda,indoctrination,Censorship Outlawedother political parties,strikes and unionsSecret police,Censorship,propaganda,Outlawed otherpolitical parties,strikes and unionsSecret police,Brown shirts,censorship, Youthgroups,indoctrination.Outlawed otherpolitical parties,strikes and unionsSegment of Societyunder controlTotal private andpublic control bygov’tNot total controlTotal controlScapegoatsRussian OrthodoxChurch, JewsVersailles Treaty,workersnon-aryans, jews,slavs, gypsies, Treatyof Versailles
15-3 Fascism Rises in Europe Fascism—political movement that is extremely nationalistic, gives power to a dictator, and takes away individual rights . The economic crisis of the Great Depression led to the loss of democracy in some European countries. In these countries,
Fascism Rises in Europe Section 3 - VocabtoKnow u Fascism . leader who guided and brought order to the state. uFascists wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes and held mass rallies. Fascism vs. Communism uIn some ways Fascism was similar to Communism:
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Fascism’s Rise in Italy Fascism (FASH IHZ uhm) was a new, militant political movement that empha-sized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. Unlike communism, fascism had no clearly defined theory or program. Nevertheless, most Fascists shared several ideas. They preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one’s .
Fascism Rises in Europe Comparing and Contrasting Use a chart to compare Mussolini's rise to power and his goals with Hitler's. TAKING NOTES Hitler Mussolini Rise: Rise: Goals: Goals: CALIFORNIA STANDARDS 10.7.3 Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the
Section 3: Fascism Rises in Europe In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy and Germany turned to totalitarian dictators. Fascism’s Rise in Italy Fascism –New militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its
Map of Modern Italy xiii Introduction: Locating Fascism 1 Part I The Conquest of Power, 1915–29 11 1 The War, the Post-war Crisis and the Rise of Fascism, 1915–22 13 Politics and society in post-unification Italy 13 The war in Italy 20 ‘1919-ism’ and early Fascism 28 The 1919 el
Fascism, the debt of that doctrine to the thought of Giovanni Gentile, and the continuity of doctrine in time prior to the advent of Fascism. As has been argued elsewhere. Fascism grew out of the despair and hu miliation of an Italy
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN13 978 0 7619 4262 7 ISBN10 0 7619 4262 9 ISBN13 978 0 7619 4263 4 (pbk) ISBN10 0 7619 4263 7 (pbk) Library of Congress Control Number available Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India Printed on paper from sustainable resources Printed in Great Britain by The .
