1110 Railroad Crossings
NMDOT Design Manual1110 Railroad Grade Crossings andRight‑of‑Way1110.1GeneralRailroads are a surface transportation mode that must beconsidered during the design of highway, bicycle, and pedestrianfacilities. Designs for such facilities must address how to safelypermit vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians to cross the railroadtracks given that trains have the right-of-way at railroad gradecrossings and typically require a substantial distance to come to astop. While the most significant railroad design considerations willoccur when these facilities cross railroads by an at-grade or agrade-separated design, railroad impacts can come into playwhenever there is maintenance or construction on or adjacent torailroad right-of-way.Each railroad will use its own personnel or contractors to undertakeconstruction or modification of at-grade crossings at the project’sexpense because the crossings are considered part of the railroad’strack structure. Railroads may also require railroad flaggingprotection (performed by a railroad employee), railroad safetytraining, and railroad protective insurance, all at a project expense,dependent upon the vicinity of the track in relation to the projectwork activity. Railroads may impose significant restrictions onprojects by limiting the hours when construction activity may occurnear heavily used rail lines. When making design decisions, it isadvisable to minimize, or if possible avoid, design choices that willimpact railroads.1110-1
1110-2Railroad Grade Crossings and Right‑of‑Way1110.1.1Will Your Project Impact a Railroad?Railroad impacts can come in many forms. While the most obviousare railroad grade crossings or highway overpasses andunderpasses, other impacts are not as apparent. Examples includepermanent use of railroad right-of-way, utility crossings, temporaryconstruction access, field survey, railroad flagging duringmaintenance or construction, and actual or potential encroachmentson the railroad’s dynamic envelope and/or foul zones. Generally,any use of railroad right-of-way for roadways, pathways, or relateddrainage or utilities must be approved by the railroad and typicallywill involve completing a license agreement with the railroad toallow such uses of its property.Mitigation to railroad impacts could include avoidance,railroad-required flagging protection, safety and engineeringmonitoring, railroad safety training, design or engineeringreview/approval, and additional insurance. Railroads have FederalRailroad Administration (FRA) rules to follow when protectingtrains and workers (Roadway Worker Protection-On Track Safety)which, by railroad policy, is expanded to third-party workers suchas highway construction contractors. Safety and the protection of allworkers and transportation modes is the ultimate goal.1110.1.2Highway-Railroad Grade CrossingsProjects involving highway-railroad grade crossings can havesignificant impacts and require substantial coordination. Gradecrossings are the intersection of two modes of transportation withvery different physical and operational characteristics. Manyvariables influence a motorist’s ability to react appropriately atgrade crossings, including the information available as the driverapproaches the crossing and human factors such as competingdecisions, distractions, and impaired driving. Primary factors in thedesign of grade crossings are roadway and railroad track geometry,available sight distance, highway and railroad speeds, competingdecisions or visual distractions, and the types of warning devices atthe grade crossing.
NMDOT Design ManualAnother aspect of grade crossing design is the coordination ofhighway traffic signal operations with grade crossing activewarning devices (railroad preemption) when signalized highwayintersections are located near grade crossings. In such instances,railroad crossing signal preemption is designed to clear the tracksof any vehicles that may be stopped as a result of the nearbyhighway traffic signal when a train is approaching the gradecrossing.Grade crossings are also unique due to their multijurisdictionalnature. Highway authorities and railroad companies are eachlegally responsible for different elements at grade crossings. TheNew Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) Rail Bureaunot only is the steward of NMDOT-owned railroad property, butalso can assist project managers in coordinating with the railroadcompany impacted by the project.The degree of project coordination will depend on the location andscope of the project. For example, establishing new crossings,altering existing crossings, or closing crossings on NMDOT-ownedrail infrastructure requires approval from the NMDOT Secretary ofTransportation. Similarly, the New Mexico Public RegulationCommission (NMPRC) has authority over crossings that involvenon-NMDOT-owned railroads and non-NMDOT-owned roads, asdefined in 18.14.2 NMAC. Railroad companies will also typicallyhave their own process, standards, and requirements for workoccurring within their right-of-way that may differ slightly fromone another. Therefore, highway projects that include a gradecrossing will generally require close coordination with both theNMDOT Rail Bureau and the railroad company.1110.1.3General Occupation of Railroad Right-of-WayOther projects that include any occupation of railroad right-of-way,such as roadway overpasses or parallel alignments, will generallyrequire execution of construction and maintenance agreementsbetween the NMDOT and the respective railroad company. Theseagreements specify the design elements of the project as approvedby the railroad, railroad flagging work that the railroad willperform on behalf of the project, payment terms, and legalprovisions.1110-3
1110-4Railroad Grade Crossings and Right‑of‑Way1110.1.4The NMDOT Rail Bureau’s RoleThe NMDOT Rail Bureau issues railroad certifications for FederalHighway Administration (FHWA)-funded projects when there isno impact to a railroad or when any potential or actual impactshave been satisfactorily addressed and approved by the respectiverailroad. The Rail Bureau can assist engineers in determining whatrailroad impacts may or will occur and methods to address theimpacts, and can put the designer in touch with the appropriaterailroad contacts. Designers shall not determine the impact to arailroad without first coordinating with the NMDOT Rail Bureau.Coordination, document reviews, and application approvals from arailroad company may take several months. The NMDOT RailBureau must be contacted early in the design phase so that allnecessary design and agreement coordination can be completedaccording to project schedules, and so that issuance of a RailCertification for a project will not be unnecessarily delayed.1110.2References1110.2.1Federal/State Laws and Codes 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 646, Subparts Aand B. 49 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter II, Parts 200-299. 18.14.2 and 18.14.4 New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC).1110.2.2National References A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (GreenBook). American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO), current edition Communications & Signals Manual: Volume 1, Section 3 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Warning Systems, AmericanRailway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association(AREMA), current edition. Guidance on Traffic Control Devices at Highway-Rail GradeCrossings, Highway/Rail Grade Crossing Technical WorkingGroup (TWG), United States Department of Transportation(USDOT) and FHWA, 2002.
NMDOT Design Manual Guidelines for Railroad Grade Separation Projects, UnionPacific Railroad (UP) and BNSF Railway (BNSF), 2016. Manual for Railway Engineering, AREMA, current edition. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Parts 8and 9, United States Department of Transportation (USDOT)and FHWA, 2009. Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook, FHWA, 2007.1110.2.3NMDOT References New Mexico Standards and Procedures for RailroadRight-of-Way Access or Construction, NMDOT Rail Bureau,June 2016. NMDOT Standard Specifications for Highway and BridgeConstruction, current edition. New Mexico State Rail Plan, Chapter 2: Rail System Inventoryand Review, NMDOT, 2014. Railroad Bridge Safety Management Program (NMDOT owned infrastructure), Version 7.0, NMDOT, November 2014. New Mexico Section 130 Federal-Aid Highway-Rail GradeCrossing Safety Improvement Program Procedures andGuidelines Manual, NMDOT, December 2014.1110.2.4Additional References Guide for Determining Time Requirements for Traffic SignalPreemption at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings, Version 6-10-04,Texas Department of Transportation. NMRX Grade Crossing Pedestrian & Bicyclist Safety Study:Safety Devices, Crossing Evaluation Form and StandardApplications Toolbox, Rio Metro Regional Transit District,April 2016. Rio Metro Regional Transit District. New Mexico Rail RunnerExpress System Google Map, 2015.1110-5
1110-6Railroad Grade Crossings and Right‑of‑Way1110.3Procedure GuidanceThe State of New Mexico and the NMDOT have developedextensive resource documents to facilitate the development ofprojects involving private railroads and NMDOT rail assets.Described below are the four primary guidance documents.1110.3.1New Mexico State Rail PlanThe State Rail Plan documents New Mexico’s rail system inventory,defines goals and objectives for rail in New Mexico, articulates theexisting and future role of freight and passenger rail within NewMexico, identifies potential rail improvement projects, andprioritizes future investments as part of a long-range service andinvestment program. The State Rail Plan satisfies the requirementsof the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008(PRIIA), necessary to make New Mexico eligible for intercitypassenger rail federal funding.1110.3.2Railroad Right-of-Way Access or ConstructionThe NMDOT Standards and Procedures for Railroad Right-of-WayAccess or Construction documents the procedures, requirements,and fees for most utility and minor roadway projects that crossrailroads owned by the NMDOT. Significant coordination isrequired throughout the design and construction process. Earlycoordination including submission of application and license isencouraged to ensure agreements and permits are in place forconstruction. Additional requirements are imposed on thecontractor for insurance and traffic control.1110.3.3Section 130 GuidelinesMost at-grade public highway-railroad crossing improvements arefunded through the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing SafetyImprovement Program, a subdivision of the Highway SafetyImprovement Program (HSIP), also known as the Section 130Program. The Section 130 program is a federally funded programdedicated to the elimination of hazards at existing publichighway-rail grade crossings.
NMDOT Design ManualIn addition to the project selection procedures, the New MexicoSection 130 Federal-Aid Highway-Rail Grade Crossing SafetyImprovement Program Procedures and Guidelines Manual alsoprovides the program’s minimum recommended installationguidelines.1110.4Design CoordinationAll projects with federal or state funding and/or projects nearrailroad right-of-way and/or easements must be coordinated withthe NMDOT Rail Bureau to determine the degree to which safety orrailroad operations are affected. Coordination shall be madethrough the NMDOT Rail Facilities Manager (contact informationto right) and shall include project number, control number, routeand roadway mile markers, United States Department ofTransportation (USDOT) railroad crossing number (if applicable),and scope of work. It is important for designers to contact theNMDOT Rail Bureau and not assume that a project will not have animpact.Early coordination with the NMDOT Rail Bureau is highlyencouraged as the impacts for construction costs and schedules canbe significant. High costs result from the addition of new railroadgrade crossing active warning signals (flashing lights and gatearms), crossing surface installation or rehabilitation, railroadflagging protection of trains and workers, and highway trafficcontrol required during construction.The NMDOT Rail Facilities Manager can provide details on existinginfrastructure, project needs, required permits, and railcertifications, if required. Rail coordination, project need, anddesign requirements shall be documented in the rail section(s) ofthe Phase IA/IB Report, the project Scoping Report, and/or theproject file. Rail projects shall follow the environmentalcoordination process outlined in Chapter 130 of the Design Manual.Coordination with the NMDOT Rail Bureau will continue throughpreliminary design but will vary depending on the intensity of therail impacts and design required. In addition, the rail certification isrequired as part of the project certification process for any federallyfunded project.NMDOT RailFacilities Manager(505) 827-5133NMDOT Rail Bure auRail Facilitie s Se ctionP. O. Box 1149Santa Fe , NM 87504-11491110-7
1110-8Railroad Grade Crossings and Right‑of‑Way1110.5At-Grade Crossing Evaluation GuidanceDue to the significant safety issues surrounding at-grade crossings,representatives from all associated parties should participate in sitevisits, operations analyses, and the development ofrecommendations.Railroad grade crossings have unique considerations andevaluation procedures. The FHWA Railroad-Highway GradeCrossing Handbook is a single reference document on prevalentand best practices as well as adopted standards relative tohighway-rail grade crossings. The handbook provides generalinformation on highway-rail crossings, characteristics of thecrossing environment and users, and the physical and operationalimprovements that can be made at highway-rail grade crossings toenhance the safety and operation of both highway and rail trafficover crossing intersections. The guidelines and alternativeimprovements presented in this handbook are primarily those thathave proved effective and are accepted nationwide.Guidance for traffic control devices at grade crossings are providedin the MUTCD Part 8: Traffic Control for Railroad and Light RailTransit Grade Crossings. Additional guidance for bicycle crossingsis found in Part 9 of the MUTCD.While much of the national design is applicable to NMDOT railprojects, the NMDOT Standard Specifications for Highway andBridge Construction provide local design guidance.Additionally, the Rio Metro Regional Transit District published theNMRX Grade Crossing Pedestrian & Bicyclist Safety Study: S afetyDevices, Crossing Evaluation Form and Standard ApplicationsToolbox in April 2016, which provides design guidance andevaluation forms for safe at-grade bicycle and pedestrian crossings.1110.6Roadway Design GuidanceDesign guidance for at-grade crossing roadway design is providedby the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-WayAssociation, BNSF and UP.
NMDOT Design ManualSpecific to grade-separated crossing facilities, the joint standards ofBNSF and UP are provided in the Guidelines for Railroad GradeSeparation Projects.1110.7DocumentationThe following documentation may be required for NMDOTprojects involving railroad impacts as appropriate to the scope ofthe project: Rail certification request Application for wireline crossing Application for pipeline crossing Application for roadway or pathway crossing Work permit application Drawings, plans, and profiles As-builts Traffic control plan Temporary occupancy application Signal preemption calculations Safety plan Railroad safety certification cards1110-9
Pacific Railroad (UP) and BNSF Railway (BNSF), 2016. Manual for Railway Engineering, AREMA, current edition. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Parts 8 and 9, United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) and FHWA, 2009. Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook, FHWA, 2007. 1110.2.3 NMDOT References
Commercial Drivers License Manual: Section 2.15, Railroad-Highway Crossings 2.15 – Railroad-highway Crossings Railroad-highway grade crossings are a special kind of intersection where the roadway crosses train tracks. These crossings are always dangerous. Every such crossing must be approached with the expectation that a train is coming.
Union Pacific Railroad United States Army Military Railroad System Utah Central Railway Utah Railway Company Utah Transit Authority V&S Railroad Inc. Valdosta Railway Ventura County Railway Company Verde Canyon Railroad Vermont Rail System Vicksburg Southern Railroad Virginia Southern Division Wabash Central Railroad Walking Horse & Eastern Railroad Warren & Trumbull Railroad WATCO .
About the Nortel IP Phone 1110 8 Telephone controls Figure 2 shows the controls of your IP Phone 1110. Figure 2: IP Phone 1110 Note: In some geographic regions, the IP Phone 1110 is offered with key caps that have English text labels. Text in parentheses indicates labels appearing on the key caps, for example, (Services).
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EM 1110-1-1904, Settlement Analysis, September 1990 EM 1110-2-1913, Design & Construction of Levees, April 2000 EM 1110-2-1901, Seepage Analysis and Control for Dams, April 1993 EM 1110-2-1902 Slope Stability, October 2003 Engineer Technical Letter (ETL) 1110-2-569, Design Guidance for Levee Underseepage, May 2005File Size: 1MBPage Count: 67
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 EM 1110-1-4012 Manual 15 November 2001 No. 1110-1-4012 . DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1110-1-4012 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CECW-ET Washington, DC 20314-1000 Manual 15 November 2001 No. 1110-1-4012
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