Underwater Welding Code - مهندس ایران
A-PDF Watermark DEMO: Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermarkD3.6M:2017An American National StandardUnderwaterWelding Codehttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJanuary 10, 2017Underwater Welding Code6th EditionSupersedes AWS D3.6M:2010Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D3 Committee on Marine WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the requirements for welding structures or components under the surface of water. It includes weldingin both dry and wet environments. Clauses 1 through 8 constitute the general requirements for underwater welding, whileclauses 9 through 11 contain the special requirements applicable to three individual classes of weld as follows:Class A—Comparable to above-water weldingClass B—For less critical applicationsClass O—To meet the requirements of another designated code or specificationhttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-902-7 2017 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: www.copyright.com .iihttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex F). Withregard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. Theseopinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Suchopinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speakon behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction. It mustbe reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D3 Committee onWelding in Marine Construction and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine Construction toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from theAmerican Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.iiihttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
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AWS D3.6M:2017PersonnelAWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine ConstructionK. L. Johnson, ChairM. J. Sullivan, 1st Vice ChairL. G. Kvidahl, 2nd Vice ChairJ. R. Douglass, SecretaryT. AndersonG. M. CainC. B. ChampneyM. P. CridlandD. E. DrakeP. M. FormentoB. H. HalversonM. H. HuelskampH. W. LehmanJ. LiuM. J. LudwigJ. W. MumawT. C. MyersS. E. PollardM. F. SinfieldVigor ShipyardsNASSCO—National Steel & ShipbuildingIngalls ShipbuildingAmerican Welding SocietyITW—Miller Electric Mfg. Co.Oxylance Inc.Nelson Stud WeldingAmerican Bureau of ShippingExxonMobil PipelineESAB Welding & Cutting ProductsH&M Consulting LLCTQM EnterprisesBechtel ConstructionErin EnergyFronius USANelson Stud WeldingWectecMachinists Inc.Naval Surface Warfare CenterAdvisors to the AWS D3 Committee on Welding in Marine ConstructionG. P. ChandlerD. CottleA. W. JohnsonL. D. ParkinsonA. T. SheppardP. S. StoneT. UlinskiK. R. VineyBabcock Power Inc.CCS SolutionsAW Johnson and AssociatesCanadian Coast GuardThe DuRoss Group, Inc.ESAB Welding & Cutting ProductsBohler Welding GroupRhoads IndustriesAWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater WeldingT. J. Reynolds, ChairR. Murray, 1st Vice ChairW. J. Couch, 2nd Vice ChairJ. R. Douglass, SecretaryS. B. Abston IIC. L. AndersonU. W. AschemeierM. BoreanG. M. CainJ. D. CorbinD. W. CraigP. T. Delaune, Jr.Briar Patch Consulting GroupMax Plus ServicesOceaneering DivingAmerican Welding SocietyProgress RailSonsub International IncorporatedSubsea Global Solutions, LLCSeneca CollegeOxylance Inc.Shrewsberry & Associates, LLCBP Exploration & Production IncorporatedFluor Federal Petroleum Operations Co.vhttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017D. E. DrakeL. GoldbergS. M. HendersonR. D. HoldsworthB. E. JamesE. N. MartinK. S. PetersM. A. PettL. R. RowlandL. W. ShupeM. J. SkinkleP. L. SmithW. W. StCyr IIP. SzelagowskiB. T. WaldenT. C. WestExxonMobil PipelineSea Test ServicesOcean-EChevron Thailand Exploration & Prod Ltd.Canadian Welding BureauPhoenix International Holdings, Inc.Subsea Global Solutions, LLCHydroweldConsultantPhoenix International Holdings, Inc.FluorSmith LaSalle IncorporatedConsultantConsultant for Underwater TechnologyTerraconWelding Engineering ServicesAdvisors to the AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater WeldingP. M. BrodaJ. E. O’SullivanJ. C. SteinmetzBWX TechnologiesProcon1 LLCMarine Technology Servicesvihttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017ForewordThis foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.In 1975, the AWS Committee on Marine Construction requested the Subcommittee on Underwater Welding to establisha standard reflecting state-of-the-art technology relative to underwater welding. The first edition of the code was published in 1983, with subsequent editions issued in 1989, 1993, 1999, and 2010.Clauses 1 through 8 constitute the general requirements applicable to all classes of underwater welds. Clauses 9 through11 contain unique requirements applicable to each class. Initially applied as a means of temporary repair for damagedsteel-hulled vessels, underwater welding has evolved into an accepted method of construction and repair of engineeredstructures. Applications now include engineered repair and alteration of off-shore structures, submerged marine pipelines, underwater port facilities and nuclear power plant components.This 6th edition incorporates the following major revisions:(1) Cleaning requirements have been better defined (5.11)(2) Acceptance of qualification to earlier editions of D3.6M is incorporated (7.1.3)(3) Ultrasonic Examination Clause 8, Part IV, has been updated to better align with the UT technique described inAWS D1.1/D1.1M, Structural Welding Code—Steel(4) Sample Forms have been revised (Annex A)(5) An informative annex has been added to address the qualification of marine welding inspectors (Annex E)(6) There is a restructuring of the clause numbers(7) Ultrasonic Stress Relieving has been added to the document (Terms and Definitions, Workmanship, WeldingVariables, and Annex C)A vertical line in the margin or underlined text in clauses, tables, or figures indicates a technical or significant changefrom the 2010 edition.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be addressed to the Secretary,AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.viihttp://www.mohandes-iran.com
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AWS D3.6M:2017Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel �. . . . viiList of �. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiList of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiList of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv1.General Requirements �. 11.1 Scope �. . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Units of Measurement �� �. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Base Metals �. . . . . . 21.6 Welding . . . . . 21.7 Welding and NDE ve . . . . . 43.Terms and . . . . . . 64.Classification and Design of Welded 4.1 Classification of 94.2 ship �. . . . . . . 105.1 . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Base Metal Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 Assembly �. . . . . . . 105.4 Confirmation . 105.5 Dimensional 15.6 Weld Profiles �. . . . 115.7 Tack Welds and Temporary . . . . . . 115.8 �. . . . . . . . . . . . 115.9 . . . . . . . . . . . 115.10 Arc Strikes �. . . . . . 125.11 Weld Cleaning �. . 136.1 Filler . . . . . . . . 136.2 Measurement of Variable �. . . . . . 136.3 Weld Temperature ication �. . . . . . . . 14Part I—General �. . 147.1 Approved �. . 147.2 Welder Performance �. . . . . . . . . 147.3 Qualification tp://www.mohandes-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017Part II—Welding Procedure �. . . . . . . . . . 147.4 Limitation of �147.5 Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . 157.6 Types of . . . . . . 157.7 Position of Test Welds Joint �. . . . . . . 177.9 Test Specimens: Number and Type . . . . 177.10 Preparation and Testing of . . . . . 177.11 Test Results . 187.12 Supplemental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.13 . . . . . . . . . . . 19Part III—Welder Performance Qualification . . . 197.14 . . . . . . . . . . . 197.15 Limitations of 7.16 Qualification Tests Required . . . . . . . . . 197.17 Method of Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207.18 Tests Results 207.19 Retests �. . . . . . . . . 207.20 Period of . 207.21 . . . . . . . . . . . 46Part I—General �. . 468.1 . . . . . . . . . . . 468.2 Inspection of �468.3 Inspection of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.4 Verification of Procedure and Performance . . . . . . . . 468.5 Inspection of Work and Records . . . . . . 468.6 Obligations of 7 Inspection Methods 8.8 Inspection Personnel Qualification . . . . 47Part II—Visual . . . . 488.9 . . . . . . . . . . . 488.10 �. . . . . . . . . . 48Part III—Radiographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.11 . . . . . . . . . . . 488.12 �. . . . . . . . . . 49Part IV—Ultrasonic 508.13 . . . . . . . . . . . 508.14 UT Operator and Equipment . . . . . . . . . 508.15 �. . . . . . . . . . 50Part V—Magnetic Particle . . . . . . . . . . 528.16 . . . . . . . . . . . 528.17 �. . . . . . . . . . 52Part VI—Electromagnetic Technique Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.18 . . . . . . . . . . . 538.19 �. . . . . . . . . . 539.Class A . . . . . . . . . . 649.1 es-iran.com
AWS D3.6M:2017Part I— Welding Procedure �. . . . . . . . . . 649.2 Testing . . 649.3 Groove . . . . . 649.4 Fillet . . . . . . . 65Part II—Welder Performance �. . . . . . . . 659.5 Testing �. 659.6 Groove . . . . . 659.7 Fillet . . . . . . . 66Part . . . . . . . . . . . 669.8 Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . 669.9 Visual Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . 669.10 Radiographic Test Acceptance Criteria 679.11 Ultrasonic Examination Acceptance 12 Macroetch Test Acceptance . . . . . 6810.Class B . . . . . . . . . . 7810.1 . . . . . . . . . 78Part I—Welding Procedure Qualification . . . . . . 7810.2 Testing . . 7810.3 Groove . . . . . 7810.4 Fillet . . . . . . . 79Part II—Welder Performance �. . . . . . . . 7910.5 Testing �. 7910.6 Groove . . . . . 7910.7 Fillet . . . . . . . 79Part . . . . . . . . . . . 8010.8 Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . 8010.9 Visual Acceptance Criteria. . . . . . . .
In 1975, the AWS Committee on Marine Construction requested the Subcommittee on Underwater Welding to establish a standard reflecting state-of-the-art technology relative to underwater welding. The first edition of th
the limited depth of underwater welding. Welding equipment transformed from manual welding to underwater automatic welding. The efficient and low-cost underwater welding was achieved[7]. In order to study the automatic welding technology under larger deep-water environment, the underwater automatic welding system was designed in this paper. The
3. Classification of Underwater Welding Underwater welding may be divided into two main types: a) Wet welding b) Dry welding Fig. 3.1 Classification of underwater welding 3.1 Wet welding 3.1.1. Wet welding with coated electrode Wet welding is performed at ambient pressure with the welder-diver in the water and no physical barrier
¾ The effects of heat input, underwater welding depths and composition of shielded gases on welds toughness. Key words: underwater welding, wet welding, dry welding, local cavity, weldability of steel INTRODUCTION For nearly thirty years underwater welding techniques have been investigated at Department of Materials Technology and Welding at GUT.
5000 m. Explosive welding underwater can significantly reduce noise pollution. Some researchers have welded plates underwater using the explosive welding technique [12-17]. Nonetheless there are very few references about underwater explosive welding of cylindrical members. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of explosive welding process in planar geometry
affected by underwater welding — and thereby influence joint prop erties — has been to study the differ ences between air welding and under water welding. Since the basic weld ing metallurgy in air has been well studied (Refs. 48-53), much under standing of underwater welding metallurgy can be gained by examin
BS 499: Pt 1 1991 states, "any welding process in which the weld is made between surfaces brought together to a molten state, without hammering or pressure". Keywords: Underwater welding, Electric arc welding, weld ability of steel, Electric arc welding in underwater, Electric arc welding in air, mild steel.
6.3 Mechanised/automatic welding 114 6.4 TIG spot and plug welding 115 7 MIG welding 116 7.1 Introduction 116 7.2 Process principles 116 7.3 Welding consumables 130 7.4 Welding procedures and techniques 135 7.5 Mechanised and robotic welding 141 7.6 Mechanised electro-gas welding 143 7.7 MIG spot welding 144 8 Other welding processes 147 8.1 .
surface welding and underwater welding is not significantly different. This means the critical effect of the water only begins when the weld pool begins to form and solidify. The HAZ in underwater welding is reduced by 30 to 50% when compared to surface welding, indicating that heat dissipates rapidly from the weld bead into the base metal. The
