Environmental Issues And Challenges Malaysian Scenario

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ACTION PLANMALAYSIA29 APRIL 2013 PICC,PUTRAJAYAEnvironmental Issues And Challenges –Malaysian ScenarioByDato’ Dr. Ahmad Kamarulnajuib Che IbrahimDeputy Director General (Planning)Department of Environment Malaysiaaki@ doe.gov.myH/P 019-55933441

INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental issues becoming more complex &challenging due to: Emerging of new types of productsChanges in manufacturing processesEmerging new technologies for productsLevel of housekeepingDegree of cleaner technology useCompetency in handling environmental issuesOld environmental issues still not propely addressRegulations are not update

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AREASOF CONCERN Air pollution – outdoor and indoor Sewerage DIDSolid waste managementFood safetyOccupational health and safetySoil contaminationUrban sanitationHazardous waste managementRural water supply and sanitation Recreational waterSafe drinking water(Extract: National Environmental Health Action Plan (2010), Ministry ofHealth)

NATIONAL POLICY ON THEENVIRONMENTPOLICY STATEMENTFor continuos economic,social and culturalprogress andenhancement of thequality of life ofMalaysians, throughenvironmentally soundand sustainabledevelopment( 21 October 2002)Clean, Safe ,HEALTHY &Sustainable Lifestyles

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESPollutionControl ons inDevelopmentPlanningSustainableDevelopment viaResourceConservationBilateral,Regional andInternationalCooperationAwarenessRaising &EducationInter-Agency& FederalStateCooperationPublicParticipation5

EQA 1974 & Amendment2012 (enforced 1January 2013) &ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYACT, 1974(ACT 127) Section 4 EEZ Act 1984Prevention, abatement,control of pollution andenhancement of theenvironment in Malaysia38Regulations &Orders6

EnvironmentalIssues&Challenges7

Environmental Complaints duledWasteOil SpillLandOthers

INCOMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENTQUARRYRESIDENTIALS9

MASSIVE LAND DISTURBANCELand clearance withoutproper erosion control10

AIRPOLLUTION11

Air Pollution SourcesIndustries (Point Sources)Open burning &Haze (Transboundary Pollution)Black smoke from vehicle12

12,000,000No. of xiBusVehicle TypeNumber of Motor Vehicles by Type, 2012(Source : Road Transport Department, 2012)

Air Pollutant Emission ission Load(Metric ,4374,58513,74314,3910PMSO2NO2ParameterHCCO

HAZE EPISODES IN MALAYSIA19971998200520062010201115

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTINITIATIVES Air Quality Monitoring Network (52 ContinuousMonitoring Stations) Legislation and Enforcement National Haze Committee & Action Plan Standard Operating Procedure in Fire Fighting Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines & Air Pollutant Index Fire Prevention & Peatland Management Programmeto control peatland fire prone areas (Check Dams,Tube Wells & Watch Tower)

CHALLENGES IN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) New Clean Air Regulations 2013 (List of about 500 Hazardous Substances-Dioxins & Furans, Volatile OrganicSubstances, Gaseous Inorganic Substances, ParticulateOrganic Substances & Carcinogenic Substances) & IsokineticMeasurementsPropose New Standard for Malaysia Ambient Air Quality(Particulate Matter –PM2.5 and PM10 micron, O3, CO,SO2,NO2) and emerging HCN standard?New Odour Regulations (to be finalized by AG)?Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) &Performance Emission Monitoring System (PEMS)17

MONTREAL PROTOCOL International Agreement Designed to protect theozone layer Phasing out production of ozone depletingsubstances (ODS) and HCFC

WaterPollution19

RIVER MONITORING(Major Pollutants & Sources) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)– Sources : Sewage, Agro based, Manufacturing Industry Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AN)– Sources : Sewage & Animal Farming Suspended Solids (SS)– Sources : Earthwork and Land ClearingSOIL EROSION –HIGH SSWATER SUPPLYDISRUPTION

Water Pollution Sources of 4Sectors

River Water Quality Trend based on BOD sub-indexCleanSource of Pollution (Activity) : Sewage, Agro based andManufacturing IndustriesSlightly PollutedPolluted400376349350320302Number of 9Year201020112012

River Water Quality Trend based on AN sub-indexCleanSlightly PollutedPollutedSource of Pollution (Activity) : Sewage & Animal FarmingPollution Indicator : Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N)300282250227Number of 2009Year201020112012

River Water Quality Trend based on SS sub-indexCleanSlightly PollutedPollutedSource of Pollution (Activity) : Earthworks & Land clearingsPollution Indicator (Parameter) : Suspended solids450416400354Number of 6200720082009Year201071

DOE NEW INITIATIVES1. New Regulations forAnimal Farming ActivitiesSoon (Issues to beresolved)2. New Regulations forPublic Wet MarketDischarges3. Hypermarket (Private WetMarket) subject to SewageRegulations 2009

CHALLENGES IN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Only 65% of 150 Local Authorities, enforce installation of FOG Traps inRestaurants and Food Courts Sullage direct discharge into drain/rivers High in E Coli Ratio BOD,COD,O&G,TSS is 1:4:2:3 Higher than industrial discharges limits forBOD:COD:O&G by 1:2:14 timesCooperation with MOH enforcing Food Act 1983 (ACT 281) on FOG26

Number of Water Pollution Sources IncreasingNoType of sourcesNo. of sources1Manufacturing Industries4,5952Agro-based industries5123Pig farms equavalent to 1,792,666lifestock population7544Sewage treatment plant@- Public sewage5,800- Private sewage4,004- Septic tank- CST1,449,3833,6315Restaurant/ food stalls/ caterers*192,7106Hotels 1,3337Schools#10,0838Universities (public & private)9Education Institutes#10Wet markets"86511Hospitals386701,072Sources of information2012:-The number of of restaurants/food stalls/ caterers wasregistered in Food SafetyInformation System for Malaysia- Domestic (FoSIM) underMinistry of Health Malaysia andLocal Government DepartmentMinistry of Education MalaysiaMinistry of Tourism Malaysia,Indah Water KonsortiumLocal Government DepartmentDepartment of VeterinaryServices

River Water Quality Monitoring Started by DOE since 1978 and contract out to Alam SekitarMalaysia Sdn. Bhd. (ASMA) from 1995 to 2015Monitoring by: Manual and Automatic Continuous Stations Objective- Establishing Baselines, Water Quality Index andPollution Sources28

GROUNDWATER MONITORING Started in 1997 for Peninsular Malaysia & extended to Sabah dan Sarawakin 2002 Analyze for VOCs, Heavy Metals, Pesticides, Phenolic Compounds,Coliform, TDS, pH, Conductivity & DO Normally, high in As, Fe, Mn, Coliform & Phenolics comparing withNational Raw Drinking Water Quality (MOH, 2000)

Cover 107 Groundwater Stations in 12 Land Use AreasLand Use AreaTNumbers of Stations1) Agricultural Areas122) Urban & Suburban Areas113) Industrial Sites184) Landfills245) Golf Courses76) Rural Areas37) Ex - Mining38) Municipal Water Supply79) Animal Burial1410) Aquaculture Farms611) Radioactive Landfill112) Resorts1Total:-107

Marine Water Quality MonitoringProgrammes 314 Monitoring Stations and started in 1978Peninsular and 1985 in Sabah and Sarawak Cover Estuary, Coastal and 74 Islands(Islands include Development On Islands,Resort , Marine Park and Protected Islands)

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT32

SCHEDULED WASTES Scheduled Wastes generated(in 2011) 3.3 Million mTon(an increased of 6.3%compared to 2010) Manage Via Scheduled WastesRegulations 2005 & BaselConvention Main categories generated:Dross/slag/clinker/ash,gypsum, mineral sludge,heavy metal sludge and ewaste

FACILITIES HANDLING SCHEDULED WASTES

CLINICAL WASTES 25% Health-Care Waste Generated is Hazardous & Health Risks Clinical Wastes Subject to Environmental Quality (Schedule Waste)Regulations, 2005 and international requirements Basel Convention: SW 403 - Discarded drugs containing psychotropic substances orcontaining substances that aretoxic, harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic;SW 404 - Pathogenic and clinical waste and quarantinedmaterials SW 421 - A mixture of schedule waste SW 422 - A mixture of schedule and non schedule wasteSharps, Drugs, Tissues, Bloods, etc

80,000 mTon Clinical Wastes Generated from 2007 20112000018000Quantity of Clinical Waste 009Year20102011

CHALENGES In MANAGINGCONTAMINATED LAND Standards & Protocol yet to be DevelopedUnder Section 24 EQASources IncreasingIndustrial Sites, Motor Workshops, Petrol Stations,Fuel Depots, Railway Yards, Landfills & Ex-MiningLand

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE:Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) POPS emerging environmental issue POPs subject to The Stockholm ConventionTreaty POPs are toxic and accumulate in fatty tissue of livingorganisms, humans and wildlife POPs-remain intact in the environment for longperiods and widely distributed geographically Managing them very challenging

HEALTH IMPACTASSESSMENT (HIA)39

INTEGRATION OF HIA IN EIA HIA has been integrated in EIA HIA for projects that may affect the environmentand human health Examples: Incineration Plant, Landfills, ChemicalPlants, Coal Fired Power Plant

DOE NEW INITIATIVESONHEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT GuidanceDocuments onHIA in operationsince 2012 Include Scopingof HIA FOR EIASTUDIES &PROCEDURE

CHALLENGES IN PROMOTING GREENACTIVITIESPromoting Green Industries (Cleaner Production/SustainableConsumption Principles) on SME IndustriesPromotion of Green Technology (Green Economy)Friend of Environment (RAS) Outreach Programme on 222Parliamentary ConstituenciesAwareness Raising on Sustainable Cities Program &Sustainable Schools Program

CHALLENGES ONENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING Promoting “Competent Person” onDOE Staffs, Industries, Consultants &Service Providers via CertificationProgrammes in Executing SpecializeEnvironmental Management Issues Promoting Accumulation of CPDHours Timely, for PromotingTransformation of Command &Control of Enforcement Approachinto Guided Self Regulation

CONCLUSION Call for ActionDue to complexity of EnvironmentalIssues & Challenges in Managingthem, collaboration along withAgencies and Ministries should bestrengthened especially in Air &Water Pollution Control andHazardous Waste Management &Disposal

Thank You45

5 Restaurant/ food stalls/ caterers* 192,710 6 Hotels 1,333 7 Schools# 10,083 8 Universities (public & private) 70 9 #Education Institutes 1,072 10 Wet markets" 865 11 Hospitals 386 Sources of information 2012:- The number of of restaurants/ food stalls/ caterers was registered in Food Safety Information System for Malaysia