Spatial Distribution Of Local Markets In IFE North Local .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016ISSN 2277-8616Spatial Distribution Of Local Markets In Ife NorthLocal Government AreaOMOTOYE-OMISORE Oyelola, SAMSON Samuel Adeyemi, ALAGA Abayomi Taofik, OGBOLE John, OGUNYEMI Samson Akintunde, OLOKO-OBAMustapha OlayemiAbstract: Researches have been carried out in the past, by several authors, concerning agricultural marketing without the use of geospatial techniques.This research therefore is meant to show the efficacy of Geographical Information System (GIS) in local market distribution. The role of market place asa man-made feature where goods and services are exchanged for the purpose of satisfying human needs cannot be overemphasized, especially in thegeneral development of villages and towns. This study shows the effectiveness of GIS without the use of metrics method to determine the agriculturalmarket locations and closeness of the markets in Ife North Local Government area. Different kinds of people bring their goods from far and near villagesfor sale and sustainability in this research, both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data includes the use of Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver to collect coordinate points of the existing markets. It also involves verbal interview with market women. While secondary data weresourced from administrative maps and satellite images of the area of study, it was geo-referenced and digitized. Arc Map was used to run averagenearest neighbor analysis. Base on the analysis performed, the major constraint facing the market people is poor road network which affect majority ofthe farmers in transporting their goods from remote villages as indicated in this study. As a result, new markets sites were proposed with the use ofgeospatial techniques for easy accessibility.Index Terms: Minimum 7 keywords are mandatory, Keywords should closely reflect the topic and should optimally characterize the paper. Use aboutfour key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.—————————— ——————————1 IntroductionBalancing the inputs and outputs on a farm is fundamental toits success and profitability. The ability of GeographicalInformation System (GIS) to analyze and visualize agriculturalenvironments and workflows has proven to be very beneficialto farmers. Agricultural marketing covers the services involvedin moving an agricultural product from the farm to theconsumers [2]. Marketing systems are dynamic; they arecompetitive and involve continuous transformation andupgrading. Marketing has to favor customers and has toprovide the farmers, transporters, traders, shareholders andevery other people patronizing it with profit. Marketing isdefined as a stepwise activities carried out in the movement ofgoods and services from the point of initial production untilthey are in the hands of the ultimate consumer [3]. More so, tobe a bit specific, agricultural marketing can be defined as setof efficient and developmental activities that are involved incoordinating the various stages of economics activities fromproduction to consumption. Marketing is important to both theindividual and the society. Markets play an important role byimproving rural areas, providing income, developing ruralmarkets linkages and gender issues. Planners need to bemore aware of how to design markets that meet community’ssocial and economic needs and how to choose a suitable sitefor new —— Omotoye Omisore Oyelola is currently pursuingmaster’s degree program in Soil Pedology and LandSurvey in Obafemi Awolowo University E-mail:lolaomisore@yahoo.comCooperative Information Network, (COPINE) NationalSpaceResearchandDevelopment Agency(NASRDA). Obafemi Awolowo University Campus IleIfe Osun State, Nigeria.In some cases, markets sites are chosen that areinappropriate and mostly result to under-use or no use of theinfrastructure constructed. Market is not about just building ofstructures and stalls, but attention needs to be paid to how themarket will be managed, operated and maintained in order toavoid failure of the market. With the use of some market toolssuch as efficient market information in which the farmers andtraders could benefit Updated information on prices and othermarket factors enables farmers to negotiate with buyers andthis also help spatial distribution of products from rural areas totowns and between markets [5]. Also, technical marketingefficiency which refers to the input-output relationshipsinvolved in the task of producing utility throughout themarketing system. Product forms are changed, storage andtransportation functions are performed, all the necessaryeconomic activities are financed, and the product eventuallyreaches the point of contact with the consumer. The efficiencywith which these activities and functions are performed hasbeen considered to be largely a function of the availabletechnology and adoption of space technology specially tosolve the problem of market locations.2 RESEARCH MATERIAL AND METHOD2.1 Study AreaThe study area, Ife North local government area of OsunState, shares boundary with Ife East, Ife Central and Ife Southwith its headquarter in Ipetumodu town. It is located betweenlatitude 6⁰ 57’35”-7⁰ 34’25” N and longitude 4⁰ 20’34”-7⁰34’26” E. It has an area of 837km2 and a population of153,694 (NPC 2006). The inhabitants of the area arepredominantly farmers who specialize in the cultivation of bothfood and cash crops such as maize, yam, cocoyam, cassava,cocoa, kolanut, palm oil etc. They also engage in poultrykeeping and livestock and other activities generating income.There soil type is moderately suitable for their crops (Fig. 2).The rainfall in the area is adequate with a relatively highhumidity.5IJSTR 2016www.ijstr.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016ISSN 2277-8616Fig.1 Study area map2.2 Data and MethodsBoth primary and secondary data that contain both spatial andnon-spatial attributes were used in this study. Primary datainclude the collection of GPS points of the markets, interviewwith the market women and Satellite image over the studyarea. While secondary data were sourced from theadministrative map, soil map and archived data form Localgovernment council. The study area boundary was extractedfrom administrative map of Nigeria were it serve as region ofinterest for subsetting other participating dataset. The GPSpoints of all the market were collected via field work were thecoordinate point was integrated into GIS environment to createpoints feature showing existing markets locations. Averagenearest neighbor analysis was run to assess the pattern ofmarket distribution. The Satellite image of the area waspreprocessed and classified using maximum likelihood toidentified the land use and land cover over Ife North.Questionnaire was designed, distributed and analyzed for thepurpose of identifying major problems facing the farmers andmarket patronage.Fig.2 Study area soil mapThe study area is characterized by four types of soil;lixosols nit sols, lixosols/regosols and fluvisols. And welldrained except for areas with fluvisols which haveseasonally high water table. The physical and chemicalstructures of biological activity, of soil are fundamental tosustaining agricultural productivity. Good agriculturalpractices and soil management improve soil fertility,minimizing losses of soil nutrients and agrochemical by anumber of factors such as erosion, leaching and others [1].The soil types are supported by various crops grown like,cassava, yam, citrus, cocoa, cocoyam, vegetable, plantain,banana2.3. Direct Interview of the Market WomenIfe North local markets are periodic markets with varyingmarket days between 4 to 5days market intervals, while someare every day. They are well known and people come fromevery part of the state to buy and sell. Markets are man-madefeatures established for the use of man [4]. These study areasmarkets are categorized into, periodic market daily marketwhich can be full-day, (e.g. Ipetumodu central market) morningand night market. Oke-gada is a daily market with only farmproduce. While others like, Gbongan, Akinlalu, Moro,Edunabon have their market cycle days between 4-5 days’interval except Akinola market that is being patronized everyFriday. Farm produce and other mixed products are brought tothe market for sale such as, palm oil, cassava, yam flour, andyam, cocoa, vegetable.6IJSTR 2016www.ijstr.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016ISSN 2277-8616Plate 1: Farm produceFig. 4. Nearest Neighborhood chartFig.3. Database entryFig. 5. Spatial distribution of existing market7IJSTR 2016www.ijstr.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016ISSN 2277-8616consider the location of market centers. In Figure 4, the ratio(535.8) of nearest neighborhood analysis performed is lessthan z score value of 2506.19 as shown in the analysis. thisimplies that the market distribution pattern is dispersed. Whichmeans that the distribution of market locations is not equalwith the settlement pattern of the area. The interview withmarket women shows that there are lot of benefits derivedwhen the importance of markets is meant with good andappropriate location such as, buying farm products at cheaperprices, gain greater control over production and marketingdecisions, access to fresh food and a great place to meet andsocialize with neighbors. Questionnaires distributed analyzedthe problems facing markets in Ife North as listed below;a) Poor marketing sites: Any market that is not comfortablewill not be patronize by people, it might be due to the poormaintenance or distance to settlement.b) Poor Access Roads to Convey the Produce from theFarm-Gate to the Market: Rural feeder roads are eitherabsent or in very bad state. This means that the entirerural farmers rely mainly on slow human transport whichresults in high marketing costs, commodity prices and lowproducer prices. For instance, the road that link famia withother farm villages where a lot of agricultural products areproduced is poor, therefore, having adverse effect on theirproduce.c) Inadequate Distribution Channels: Market performs therole of bridging special geographical gap by making surethat goods and services are moved from the point ofproduction to the point of consumption. However, one ofthe biggest problems of market arises from lack of reliabledistribution channels through which products can reachevery part of the State.d) InadequateMarketInformation:Therequiredinformation on agricultural produce in Ife North are notreadily available and those that are even available are notwell managed to generate the required information fordecision making, logistic planning and forecasting byrelevant parties (producer, consumers, government,researchers and other market participants).Fig. 5. Land Use land cover of Ife North4. CONCLUSIONSFigure 6. Land use Land cover class Statistics3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe analysis shows the spatial distribution of markets over thestudy area. These markets are majorly local food markets withfarmers bringing their products to buyers (plate1). Their marketdays are mostly every four days while Ipetumodu market daily.Figure 4 show the special and non-spatial dataset integrationinto GIS environment. It was discovered that the study areaconsists of six markets with not less than 16 settlements in thestudy area. Figure 6 shows the LULC class statistics. The landuse land cover(LULC) is characterized with 36% of Agriculturalactivities with few settlements. the forest land covers 56%; thisinclude the Ife forest reserve in Osun state. The agriculturalland use around the settlers indicates that inhabitants areagriculturalist. It is also obvious from this finding that, poorroad network and distance from the villages play veryimportant roles in patronizing the market centers. And need toMarketing of agricultural products has contributed greatly tothe country’s development which in anyway needs both peopleand government attention to solve problems pertaining toNigerian’s marketing. Also, since road is one of major problem,it is recommended that government should create new localmarket in areas that is far from the existing ones but closer tofarm areas and open up markets roads to encourage themovement of goods to and from market areas in the state [4].It is of great importance with the support of the government, toembark on construction of roads that link some villagestogether such as Famia-Balogun-Agbenu etc down to Akinlalufor easy transportation. Also, National Union of RoadTransport Workers (NURTW) should join hands together withthe Government councils to make vehicles available andassign commercial vehicles to all routes to market centersespecially on market days for ease of transportation.Government should promote integrated rural developmentinvolving agricultural and non- agricultural activities throughthe provision of physical infrastructures such as feeder roads,warehousing and storage facilities and rural communications.Financial institutions especially Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB) should be8IJSTR 2016www.ijstr.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016ISSN 2277-8616strengthened to provide soft agricultural credit and ruralfinance to marketers. Finally, the role of GIS and RemoteSensing should not be neglected in locating market sites,planning and management, for sustainable development totake place.AcknowledgementI wish to thank my loving husband, Engr. Sola Omotoye forbeing there for me, you are wonderful. I also acknowledge mydear children; you will make it in life. I wish to thank AjayiVictoria for her support and prayer, you will continue to moveforward in life.References[1] rg/prods/gap/home/principles 1 en.htmdownloaded on 13-07-2016.[2] John Tracey-White, 2003. Planning and Designing RuralMarkets, FAO, Rome.[3] Kohls, R. L. and Uhl, J. N. 1985. The marketing ofagricultural products, 6th Edition. Macmillan, New York, xi 624 pp[4] Omole, F.K., 2002. A spatial distribution of market centresin the development of Osun State, Nigeria, Ph. D Thesis,FUT, Akure,[5] Tajmeela Jahan 2011.Agricultural MarketingManagement of Bangladesh: The New Era of Marketing.World Review of Business Research Vol. 1. No. 4. Pp.53659IJSTR 2016www.ijstr.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 08, AUGUST 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 5 IJSTR 2016 www.ijstr.org Spatial Distribution Of Local Markets In Ife North Local Government Area OMOTOYE-OMISORE Oyelola, SAMSON Samuel Adeyemi, ALAGA Abayomi Taofik, OGBOLE John, OGUNYEMI Samson Akintunde, OLOKO Author: Omotoye-Omisore Oyelola, Samson Samuel Adeyemi, Alaga Abayomi Taofik, Ogbole John, Ogunyemi Samson A.Publish Year: 2016
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