Mobile Crane User Guidelines - Miningquiz
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesPresented ByThe AGC Colorado Crane Task ForceThe Associated General Contractors of Colorado1114 W. 7th Ave. Suite 200Denver, CO 80204(303)388-2422http://www.agccolorado.orgEmail: Info@agccolorado.orgContact: Ed Davis, CSP, ARM, Safety and Stormwater DirectorFinal DraftDecember 18, 2009
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesWithout the dedication and commitment of the following companies, thisdocument would not be possible:AGC Colorado Chapter StaffAnderson DrillingBoulder Valley CraneCrane & Rigging ConsultantsDenver Wire Rope & Supply, Inc.GH Phipps Construction CompaniesHaselden Construction, LLCIMALockton Companies, LLCLPRMountain States CranePCL Construction Services, Inc.Pinnacol AssuranceStressconVan Gilder Insurance CorporationWestern States Fire ProtectionWillis HRHWinslow Crane Service CompanyZurich Services Corporationii
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesTable of ContentsPageBackground .iiiPurpose of the Guidelines .iiiDisclaimer .iiiSelection Criteria for Mobile Cranes .1Assembly/Disassembly .3Operations .3Hoisting and Rigging .8De-Mobilization .9Insurance Coverage, Hold Harmless, and Indemnity .10iii
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesBACKGROUNDRecently there were a number of high profile crane accidents and fatalities that have brought aheightened awareness to crane safety. Members of the construction industry, their respective clientsand the public as a whole have expressed the desire to increase the efforts for crane safety across theboard to reduce the number of crane related accidents and fatalities across America. At the currenttime, there are several laws, recommended practices and industry consensus documents that dealwith the topic of crane safety, but they are spread across a broad spectrum of industries and cranetypes that most construction companies are not able to easily find the best safety information thatrelates to their exposures. The AGC Colorado Crane Task Force was founded not only to separateout the best safety information from current documents that specifically affects the constructionindustry, but to fill in the voids of lacking crane safety information to provide AGC members withthe most comprehensive, industry specific crane safety information possible.PURPOSE OF THE GUIDELINESThis document is a listing of suggested best practices for the use of mobile cranes within theconstruction industry. Although some of the language mirrors regulatory requirements such asOSHA standards, this is not intended to be a compliance document. This document may referencebest practices above and beyond regulatory compliance.DISCLAIMERThe information contained in this guide is for general information purposes only. This informationis believed to be correct at the time of writing, but should not be taken as advice, legal advice orrecommendation as to the applicability of the information contained herein for any specific purpose.Any reliance on the information contained in this guide is strictly at the user's own risk. The writersof this guide make no warranty, express or implied and assume no legal liability or responsibility forthe accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any of the information provided herein. This guidereferences numerous links to various websites and there is no representation or recommendationconcerning the nature, content or accuracy of any of the information contained on such websites.The information contained in this guide may be used as deemed appropriate by the user but may notbe sold for profit or used in commercial documents without permission. This guide will be madeavailable on the AGC/C website for information purposes only, which should not be viewed orassumed as an endorsement by AGC/C.iv
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesI. Selection Criteria for Mobile CranesSection Rationale: Selecting the right crane for the job is one of the most critical decisions that canaffect the overall safety performance of the project. In order to ensure the proper crane is selected,thoughts must go beyond the standard concerns of the particular load(s) that must be hoisted. Acomprehensive selection process will also consider things such as site access, available space, groundconditions, critical picks and other concerns.1. Lifting logisticsa. Loads to be liftedi. Weight of heaviest pick including riggingii. Load size/dimensionsiii. Multiple picks versus single pickiv. Multiple lift riggingv. Will pick have to be traveledvi. Multiple cranesb. Maximum height & radius considerationsi. Height/radius of the liftii. Height/radius of the craneiii. Height/radius of obstaclesiv. Leading edge of building as constructed (if applicable)v. Weight of load at maximum / minimum radius2. Delivery logisticsa. Clearances for both height and widthb. Turn radii for delivery truck and/or mobile cranec. Weight Restrictionsd. Lane closures or street constructioni. City permitsii. Light boards, cones, barrels, etc.iii. Certified flaggerse. Grade and slope of access road / ramps3. Lift considerationsa. Critical lifti. As defined by ownerii. As defined by regulatory agencyiii. As defined by other source1. Monetary, historical or irreplaceable value of item to be lifted2. Lifts over highways, occupied buildings, etc.b. Man basket usei. 50% of max capacityii. Trial lifts with test weightsiii. Basket construction requirementsc. Special crane requirementsi. Power down capabilities, etc.d. Number of picks/duty cyclei. Frequency of picksii. Prolonged suspension timesiii. Time required to make the lift and secure the load1
Mobile Crane User Guidelines4. Site Logisticsa. Crane operational footprinti. Existence of power linesii. Bridgesiii. Other obstructionsb. Crane Pad Considerationsi. It is recommended to consult with an engineer to determine how the following issuesmay affect your proposed crane setup:1. Ground bearing pressure (compaction and soils test needs)2. Proximity to prior excavations/ Open excavations3. Underground utilities4. Engineered fill5. Shoring requirements6. Slab on grade or other improved surface (i.e., asphalt pavement)c. Airports and height restrictions, flagging of boomd. Limited crane pad dimensions may affect crane sizee. Vertical and horizontal space restrictionsf. Potential relocation or movement of crane during construction phasingg. Free and clear assembly and disassembly area for type, size & dimensions of selectedcraneh. Dark environments require lighting5. Timea. Schedule of the job could affect the time, size or the amount of cranes6. Moneya. Budgets may affect time, size or the amount of cranes7. Operator supplied by vendor versus bare rentala. Wet rental rental company’s liability for operator errorb. Dry rental contractor liability for operator errorc. Dry rental may require authorization by rental company8. Pre-Construction Considerationsa. Scheduling: availability/lead timeb. Permitting issues (include local permits/city ordinances/ask about special restrictions)c. Site specific requirements2
Mobile Crane User GuidelinesII. Assembly/DisassemblySection rationale: Though the assembly and disassembly process of a crane is often given littlethought, these tasks are integral to the safety, efficiency and productivity of mobile cranes. Propersite access, as well as an adequate amount of level and stable ground is needed to build up and teardown a crane safely. The assembly and disassembly process is also host to some high risk hazardssuch as fall exposures and pinch points that require careful pre-planning.1. Free and clear assembly and disassembly area for type, size, and dimensions of selected cranea. Controlled access to the assembly area.b. Site restrictions for disassembly affected by constructed structure/buildingc. Clearances for both height and widthd. Proper clearance from power linese. Turn radii for delivery truck and/or mobile cranef. Weight restrictionsg. Lane closures or street constructionh. Suitable ground conditionsi. Level setup within 1%, checked with accurate toolsii. E.g. inclinometer; 4 foot level; etc.iii. Grade and slope of access road / rampsiv. Refer back to Section I .4.b. for more information2. Designated Competent Person supervising assembly/disassembly3. Additional equipment considerationsa. Set up cranes, aerial lifts, lighting, ladders, earth moving equipment, etc.4. Assembly Crew pre-task JHAa. Fall protection, struck by hazards, caught between, electrical, etc.5. Post-assembly / pre-operational inspection by qualified personnel (this could be part of adaily inspection). Your company policies may require documentation.III. OperationsSection rationale: This section addresses the safety concerns for a crane that is setup and operatingon the project. Considerations range from the roles of the operator, crew and lift director to themany possible hazards and concerns that must be considered and addressed.1. Prelift/pretask meeting(s) between all related parties to the craning activitiesa. Assess daily physical and psychological health of operator and crewi. E.g. signs of exhaustion, mental stress, substance abuse, etc.b. Site specific requirementsc. Ensure crane operations personnel are aware of site specific Emergency Actionproceduresd. Max Weight, size & radius of load verified against load charti. Heaviest load to be liftedii. Maximum height and radius considerediii. Critical lift exceed 75% of rated capacity at given radius and configuration3
Mobile Crane User Guidelinesiv. Involves more than 1 crane during a pick2. Consider who is the person directing the lift for each lift to be completeda. Rigger, Superintendent, Operator, Etc.b. Each contractor who uses a crane has a qualified lift directori. Qualifications are similar to ANSI B30.5-3.1.3.2.2c. Lift director has the duty to stop lift for safety reasons3. Use qualified operatora. Physical qualifications (ANSI B30.5, NCCCO, or DOT Physical)i. Good visionii. Good hearingiii. Sufficient physical qualificationsiv. Passed a drug testv. no evidence of having physical or mental defectsb. Basic Safety knowledgei. NCCA or ANSI accredited certification applicable to crane being operated (NCCCO,etc.)ii. Familiar with crane limitations, controls, load charts, etc.4. Use qualified signal persona. Qualificationsi. Appointed by lift supervisor and approved by the crane operatorii. Know, understand and apply the type of signals usediii. Basic understanding of crane operation and limitationsiv. Know and understand the relevant requirements of crane lawsv. Demonstrate s/he is competent to perform signal duties.b. A signal person must be provided in each of the following situations:i. The point of operation is not in full view of the operator.ii. The operator’s view is obstructed during setup or travel.iii. Operator or person handling the load determines that it is necessary.c. Standard Hand Signals must be used where applicable to operations– OSHA & ANSId. When non-standard hand signals must be used (operations or attachments not covered bystandard signals), the signal person, operator, and lift supervisor (where there is one) shallagree on the non-standard hand signals prior to use.e. If signaling communication becomes interrupted, operations shall be stopped untilsignaling can continue.f. The operator shall obey a stop signal from anyone at any time.g. All directions given to the operator by the signal person shall be given from the operator’sdirection perspective.h. Radio, telephone or other electronic signalsi. Verify function of communication devices before lifting.ii. Signal transmission must be through dedicated channels as needed (multiple cranes,etc.).iii. The operator’s reception of signals must be by a hands-free system.iv. Voice signals shall be agreed upon by both operator and signalman prior to operation.These signals should be from the operator’s perspective.v. The operator, signal person and lift director, shall be able to effectively communicatein the language used.vi. Voice signals should identify the parties involved (i.e. “Mike, it’s Jim, Cable Down”)4
Mobile Crane User Guidelinesi. PPE considerations (Fall Protection, visibility, etc.)j. Hand signal charti. Hand signal charts must be either posted on the equipment or readily available at thesite.ii. When non-standard hand signals must be used (operations or attachments notcovered by standard signals), the signal person, operator, and lift supervisor shallagree on the non-standard hand signals prior to use. These special signals should notbe in conflict with the standard signals.iii. Reference ANSI B30.5 (latest version)5. Use qualified riggersa. Know the weight of the loadb. Know how to select the appropriate rigging for the loadc. Know the differences between hitching configurationsd. Know how to inspect rigginge. Understand the concept of center of gravity and balancing of the load6. Documented inspectionsa. Verify annual inspectionb. Review crane and inspection historyc. Pre-shift inspections recorded in Daily Crane Logd. Rigging inspectionse. Monthlyf. Post Incidenti. Contact electrical linesii. Suspected damage to crane7. Work area controla. Swing Radius Protection – rotating superstructure of the crane including counterweighti. Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or similar barriers to mark theswing radius including counter weight due to hazards of struck by or caught inbetween.1. Where swing radius protection is not feasible, use a dedicated spotterii. Employees who may enter the swing radius shall be trained how to recognize struckby and caught between hazards.iii. Communication and coordination between operator and personnel who must enterthe swing radius shall be maintained.b. Jobsite securityi. Post signs to keep unauthorized persons out of the areaii. Insure equipment is secured at all times from unauthorized access.c. Multiple equipment coordinationi. Where any part of a crane/derrick is within the working radius of anothercrane/derrick, the lift director(s) shall institute a system to coordinate operations.d. Keeping clear of the loadi. Avoid swinging loads over personnel (workers, public, etc), use caution when:1. Engaged in hooking, unhooking or guiding a load2. Engaged in the initial attachment of the load to a component or structure3. Working with suspended equipment4. During specialized operations such as tilt-up, personnel shall not be within the fallzone of the load until it is vertical5
Mobile Crane User Guidelinese. Considerations for traveling with a suspended loada. Do so only if determined to be safe and legal (manufacturer restrictions, etc.)b. Different load charts may need to be usedc. Load may need to be secured during traveld. Swing lock and/or other interlocks may need to be engagede. Consider routes of travel and ground conditionsf. Additional signalperson assistance may be need8. Power linesa. Assume that all power lines are energized unless the utility owner/operator confirms thatthe power line has been and continues to be de-energized and visibly grounded at theworksite.b. Whenever there is potential for a crane to contact a power line, contact the utilitycompany and work with them to discuss the following considerations and limitations:i. Eliminate exposure1. Have utility de-energize or take down power line2. Choose different setup location away from lines3. Use different means and methods to avoid exposureii. Reduce exposure1. Utility company prepares line with safety devicesa. Insulation wrapsb. “one shot”c. Install lighter fuseiii. Safe work distances1. Meet with utility company to determine the safe approach distance to the energizedpower lines2. Use a dedicated spotter3. Consider a visual warning device4. Meet or exceed relevant State, OSHA and ANSI guidelinesc. Communications towers and transmittersi. When working near transmitter/communication towers where the equipment is closeenough for an electrical charge to be induced in the equipment or materials beinghandled, the transmitter shall be de-energized or the following precautions shall betaken when necessary to dissipate induced voltages:1. The equipment shall be provided with an electrical ground.2. Non-conductive rigging or an insulating link/device shall be usedd. All personnel on site where a crane has the potential to contact power lines shall knowthe following:i. Contacting energized power lines is the number one killer during crane operations.ii. The importance to the operator’s safety of remaining inside the cab except wherethere is an imminent danger of fire, explosion, or other emergency that necessitatesleaving the cab.iii. The safest means of evacuating from equipment that may be energized.iv. The danger of the potentially energized zone around the equipment, evacuationmethods. Do not enter into this zone.v. Safe clearance distance from power lines.9. Operational Aidsa. Operational Aids may include, but are not limited to the following:i. Load moment indicator/load cell6
Mobile Crane User Guidelinesii. Anti-two blockiii. Load radiusiv. Proximity alarmsb. When crane is equipped with an operational aid, it must be functional and operatorshould be trained on its usec. When the crane is not equipped with an operational aid by the manufacturer, it isrecommended aftermarket aid be installed.i. At a minimum load cells are recommended.ii. Other aids based on conditions of used. In the event an operational aid fails during crane use, crane operations may continue ifthe manufacturer provides alternative safe methods for operation.10. FAA/air rightsa. When working in an area when it is possible to affect navigable airspace, contact allnearby airports, hospitals, etc. to determine what air traffic safety requirements areneeded.b. File a permit with FAA as requiredc. Special requirements may apply such as:i. Flagging the boomii. Installing light beacons at the crane’s high pointsiii. Height restrictions during operation & crane down-time11. Leaving the equipment unattendeda. The operator shall not leave the controls while the load is suspendedi. NOTE: This does not apply to below the hook rigging devices.ii. There are provisions in ANSI B30.5 that allow operators to leave the controls of acrane with a load suspended provided that special circumstances are involved andspecial safety precautions are met.iii. Secure the equipment when unattended against unauthorized use/entryiv. Weather considerations (high winds, lightning, etc)12. Weather and Environmental Conditionsa. Crane operations shall be stopped due to adverse conditions, such as:i. Excessive wind velocity or gustingii. Fog and visibility issuesiii. Lightning and stormsiv. Changing soil conditions1. Freeze/thaw2. Heavy rains/snow13. Written critical lift Plan – Exceeds 75% of max capacity or 2 or more cranes (or poweredunits) for a pick or per other agreed upon conditionsa. Documented pre-lift meeting with all involved partiesb. Calculations of load, rigging and line weightsc. Description of
GH Phipps Construction Companies Haselden Construction, LLC IMA Lockton Companies, LLC LPR Mountain States Crane PCL Construction Services, Inc. Pinnacol Assurance Stresscon Van Gilder Insurance Corporation Western States Fire Protection Willis HRH Winslow Crane Service Company Zurich Services Corporation . Mobile Crane User Guidelines
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o 3.3.9 Bulk-handling crane o 3.3.10 Loader crane Overhead crane: An overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a type of crane where the hook-and-line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that it self runs along two widely separated rails. Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails along the building's two long walls .
“Mobile Crane Operator” means a person who operates a mobile crane to perform lifts, assembles and disassembles cranes and plans lifts and crane procedures. SAFETY A Comply with regulations, policies, and manufacturers’ manuals . A1
Mobile crane: a self-powered crane with a boom, which may be fitted on a mast (tower). It is capable of travelling laden or unladen, without the need for fixed runways. It relies on gravity for stability, with the chassis of the crane not having any capability to carry goods. Crawler crane: an off-road mobile crane which travels on site.
Mobile Crane Operator Tower Crane Operator Overhead Crane Operator Crane Inspector / Cer . Mobile Crane Training Programs Dates: Mar. 12-14, 2013 Nashville, TN Mar. 19-21, 2013 St. Louis, MO Apr. 23-25, 2013 Newark, NJ Apr. 30-May 2, 2013 Tulsa, OK May 22-24, 2013 Honolulu, HI
Overhead Crane Safety and Prevention Basic Crane Safety 1. No one but a regularly authorized operator is allowed to use any crane. 2. Do not carry a load over people on the floor. Sound warning devices to alert persons nearby. 3. Do not allow anyone to ride on a load carried by the crane or on the crane hook.
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API 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction, 3rd 2005 American Petroleum Institute USA Current Inspection, repair, modification and reconstruction of tanks built edition incorporating addendum 1 to API 650 or API 12C and 2 4 . Standard Title Year Publishing body Country Status Primary focus BS EN 14015 Specification for the design and 2004 European Europe Current Design and .
