Chicago Wilderness Alliance

AppendicesSuggestionsfor Further69ReadingBurnham, Daniel Hudson, Plan of Chicago, NabuPress, Charleston, SC, 2010Carpenter, Lynn and Joel Greenberg, Birder'sGuide to the Chicago Region, Northern IllinoisU. Press, 1999.Cronon,William, Nature’s Metropolis,W.W. Norton& Co., New York, 1991.Delcourt, Hazel R., Forests in Peril, TrackingDeciduous Trees from Ice-Age Refuge into theGreenhouse World, The McDonald & WoodwardPublishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia2002.Friederici, Peter, Nature’s Restoration, People andPlaces on the Front Lines of Conservation, IslandPress/Shearwater Books, Washington, Covelo,CA, London, 2006.Gobster, Paul H. and Hull, R. Bruce, eds.,Restoring Nature, Perspectives from the SocialSciences and Humanities, Island Press,Washington, Covelo, CA, 2000.The Great Lakes, An Environmental Atlas andResource Book, 3rd Ed., USEPA Great LakesNational Program Office and Government ofCanada, Chicago, 1995.Greenberg, Joel, A Natural History of the ChicagoRegion, University of Chicago Press, Chicagoand London, 2002Greenberg, Joel, ed. Of Prairie, Woods & Water, TwoCenturies of Chicago Nature Writing, Universityof Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2008.Helzer, Chris. The Ecology and Management ofPrairie in the Central United States, UniversityOf Iowa Press, Iowa City, 2009.Hill, Libby, Chicago River: A Natural and UnnaturalHistory, Lake Claremont Press, 2000.Ladd, Doug, Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers, photos byFrank Oberle, Falcon Press Publishing, Helena,MT, 1995.Leopold, Aldo, Sand County Almanac, OxfordUniversity Press, New York, NY, 1949.Louv, Richard, Last Child in the Woods, Saving ourChildren from Nature-Deficit Disorder, AlgonquinBooks of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Updated and Expanded edition, 2008.Mann, Charles C., 1491: New Revelations of theAmericas Before Columbus, Alfred A. Knopf,New York, 2005.Metzger, Janice. What Would Jane Say? CityBuilding Women and a Tale of Two Chicagos, LakeClaremont Press, 2009Packard, Stephen and Cornelia F. Mutel, eds.,The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook, Island Press,Washington, D.C., 1997.Stevens,William K., Miracle Under the Oaks, PocketBooks, New York, NY, 1995.Sullivan, Jerry. 2004. Hunting for Frogs on Elstonand Other Tales from Field and Street, TheUniversity of Chicago Press.Swink, Floyd and Gerould Wilhelm, Plants of theChicago Region, 4th ed., Indiana Academy ofScience, Indianapolis, IN, 1994.Watts, May T, Reading the Landscape, MacmillanPublishing Co., New York, NY, 1975.Wiggers, Raymond, Geology Under Foot in Illinois,Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula,MT, 1997Willman, H.B., Summary of the Geology of theChicago Region, Circular 460, Illinois StateGeological Survey, 1971

70 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITYAcknowledgementsThe 1997 edition of the Atlas was written byJerry Sullivan and designed by Corasue Nicholaswith information, advice, and manuscript reviewprovided by the following:James Steffen and Susanne Masi of the ChicagoBotanic Garden; Gerould Wilhelm of theConservation Design Forum; Greg Mueller,Jack Murphy, and Daniel Summers of The FieldMuseum; Ralph Thornton, Steven Thomas,and John Elliott of the Forest Preserve Districtof Cook County; Wayne Lampa and JoEllenSiddens of the Forest Preserve District of DuPageCounty; Marcella DeMauro of the Forest PreserveDistrict of Will County; Chris Parsons of theFriends of the Chicago River; Brian Anderson,Vernon Kleen, Steven Pescetelli of the IllinoisDepartment of Natural Resources; James Herkertof the Illinois Endangered Species Board; ArdithHansel and Michael Chrzastowski of the IllinoisState Geological Survey; Scott Robinson andChristopher Phillips of the Illinois NaturalHistory Survey; Steven Byers of the IllinoisNature Preserves Commission; John Baconeof the Indiana Nature Preserves Commission;Jon Duerr of the Kane County Forest PreserveDistrict; Andy Kimmel, James Anderson, andKen Klick of the Lake County Forest Preserves;Steven Christie of Lake Forest Open Lands; WayneSchennum, Ed Collins, and Susan Ladendorf ofthe McHenry County Conservation District;Marlin Bowles, Christopher Dunn, and JennyMcBride of The Morton Arboretum; KatieGreen, Stephen Packard, Laurel Ross, and SandiStein of The Nature Conservancy; RichardMariner of the Northeastern Illinois PlanningCommission; Lauren Rhein of the NorthwesternIndiana Regional Planning Commission; GlendaDaniel of the Openlands Project; Donald M.Reed of the Southeastern Wisconsin RegionalPlanning Commission; Kenneth Mierzwa ofTAMS Consultants; Dr. Dennis Nyberg, UIC;Jean Sellar of the US Army Corps of Engineers,Chicago District; Kent Fuller of US EPA GreatLakes National Program Office; John Rogner andAmelia Orton-Palmer of the US Fish & WildlifeService; Mark Bramstedt of the USDA NaturalResources Conservation Service; John and JaneBalaban of the Volunteer Stewardship Network;Kenneth Brock; Joseph Milosevich; Ron Panzer.Funding for the 1997 edition was provided by:USDA Forest Service; US Fish & Wildlife Service;The Nature Conservancy of Illinois; IllinoisDepartment of Natural Resources, Conservation2000 Fund; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Great Lakes National Program Office.Updates for the 2011 edition were developedby a Chicago Wilderness working group led byKent Fuller. Arthur Melville Pearson providednew and revised text. Cindy Copp of Center forNeighborhood Technology provided new andrevised maps and other graphics. Graphic designand layout was provided by Krista MozdzierzSkach and Mary Nodulman of the ChicagoZoological Society/Brookfield Zoo.Members of the Atlas working group included:Jill Listhius, Michelle Mohney, Chris Mulvaney,Betsy Quail, Becky Schillo and Joe Swano. Thefollowing provided content or feedback for specific sections:Jim Anderson of the Lake County ForestPreserves; Tom Anton of the EcologicalConsulting Group, LLC.; Mike Redmer of theUS Fish & Wildlife Service; Judy Beck of the USEnvironmental Protection Agency; Jean Brokish ofthe Chikaming Open Lands; Marcy Colclough ofthe Southwest Michigan Planning Commission;Greg Denny of Environmental Monitoring andTechnologies, Inc.; Abigail Derby Lewis of TheField Museum; Ed Glatfelter of the Alliance forthe Great Lakes; Jim Herkert of The NatureConservancy; Timothy T. Loftus of the ChicagoMetropolitan Agency for Planning; Scott Meisterof the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County;Jeff Mengler of Cardno ENTRIX; Oliver Pergamsof the University of Illinois-Chicago; Judy Pollockof the Audubon – Chicago Region; Bob Moseleyof The Nature Conservancy; Mike Redmer of theUS Fish & Wildlife Service; Laurel Ross of TheField Museum; James F. Steffen of the ChicagoBotanic Garden; Peggy Stewart of the ChicagoPark District; Doug Stotz of The Field Museum;Doug Taron of the Chicago Academy of Sciences/Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum; Tori Trauschtof Integrated Lakes Management; Tom Velat ofthe Forest Preserve District of DuPage County;Jeff Weiss; Patty Werner of the Lake CountyStormwater Management Commission.CreditsMap and Graphic CreditsPage 13, Historic Range of the Prairie;Page 24, Bur Oak; and Page 26, WoodedCommunities in Three Chicago RegionTownships: Richard Vaupel and Leonard Waltherof the Cartography Lab at Northern IllinoisUniversity, DeKalb, IL. Page 18, GrasslandBird Area Sensitivity: James R. Herkert,Robert E Szafoni,Vernon M. Kleen, and JohnE. Schwegman, Division of Natural Heritage,Illinois Department of Conservation, NorthernPrairie Wildlife Research Center Online tm) (Version 16JUL97), 1993; re-formatted byMary Nodulman, Chicago Zoological Society/Brookfield Zoo. Page 52, Water Cycle: H. AllenWehrmann of the Illinois State Water Survey.Page 53, Population Changes in the CWRegion 1950–2000: Center for NeighborhoodTechnology; Metropolis 2020; Openlands. Page63, Green Infrastructure Vision map: ChicagoWilderness and the Chicago MetropolitanAgency for Planning (formerly the NortheasternIllinois Planning Commission). All other mapswere created by Cindy Copp of the Center forNeighborhood Technology.Map SourcesPage 2, Rare and Endangered NaturalCommunities: Illinois Department of NaturalResources, Illinois Natural Heritage Database;Indiana Department of Natural Resources (ILDNR); Michigan Natural Features Inventory,Natural Heritage, Biodiversity Tracking &Conservation System; Wisconsin Departmentof Natural Resources (WI DNR), NaturalHeritage Inventory. Page 2, Endangeredand Threatened Species in Illinois:IDNR. Page 5, Surface Deposits: BryantScharenbroch of The Morton Arboretum; U.S.Department of Agriculture, Natural ResourcesConservation Service. Page 8, Lake MichiganHistory: Illinois Geological Survey. Page 9,Physiographic Divisions: Marlin Bowles andJenny McBride of The Morton Arboretum.Pages 10-11, Pre-Settlement Vegetation: ILDNR, Illinois Natural History Survey; IndianaDepartment of Natural Resources (IN DNR);Michigan Natural Features Inventory, NaturalHeritage, Biodiversity Tracking & ConservationSystem; Marlin Bowles and Jenny McBride ofThe Morton Arboretum; WI DNR. Page 14,Prairies in the CW Region: Forest PreserveDistrict of DuPage County; IL DNR, IllinoisNatural Heritage Database; IN DNR; LakeCounty Forest Preserves; McHenry CountyConservation District; Michigan Natural FeaturesInventory, Natural Heritage, Biodiversity Tracking& Conservation System; WI DNR. Page 26,Wooded Communities in Three ChicagoRegion Townships: Marlin Bowles and JennyMcBride of The Morton Arboretum. Page 33,Wetland Concentrations: U.S. Fish & WildlifeService (USFWS), National Wetlands Inventory;WI DNR. Page 38, Current Range of theHine’s Emerald Dragonfly: Jeff Mengler of

Appendicescredits71(cont.)Cardno ENTRIX; USFWS. Page 41, Rangeof Blanding’s Turtle in Illinois: IDNR,Illinois Natural Heritage Database. Page 42,Distribution of Lakes: Frank Veraldi of theU.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Page45, River Systems: Kent Fuller; ShannonDonley of Baetis Environmental Services, Inc.; JeffMengler of Cardno ENTRIX; Holly Hudson ofthe Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning;Peg Kohring of The Conservation Fund; PhillipWillink of The Field Museum; Stephen Pescitelliof IL DNR; Joe Marencik of the IllinoisEnvironmental Protection Agency; Todd Davisof the Indiana Department of EnvironmentalManagement, Office of Water Quality, BiologicalStudies Section;Sobat, Stacey L. March 23, 2010.[Personal Communication]. Located at: IndianaDepartment of Environmental Management(IDEM), Assessment Information ManagementSystem (AIMS) Database, Indianapolis, Indiana;Brant Fisher of IN DNR, Atterbury Fish &Wildlife Area; Joe Exl of the IN DNR, LakeMichigan Coastal Program; Greg Denny of theIndian Creek Watershed Project; Tom Simonof Indiana State University; Keith Gray ofIntegrated Lakes Management; Mike Adam ofthe Lake County Health Department; KathyPaap of the Lake County Health Department;Charles Knapp of the John G. Shedd Aquarium;Jim Robinett of the John G. Shedd Aquarium;Patty Werner of the Lake County StormwaterManagement Commission; Brian Gundermanof the Michigan Department of NaturalResources and the Environment, Southern LakeMichigan Management Unit; Roger Klocek ofofOpenlands; Nancy Schumm-BurgessSchumm Consulting LLC.; Thomas Slawski ofthe Southeastern Wisconsin Regional PlanningCommission (SEWRPC); Brook Herman ofUSACE; Frank Veraldi of USACE; ElizabethMcCloskey of the USFWS; John Lyons of WIDNR. Page 50, Native American Villagesin the Early 19th Century: Atlas of GreatLakes Indian History. Page 55, ProtectedLand: Berrien County Government; ChicagoMetropolitan Agency for Planning; BruceHamilton of the DeKalb County Government;Forest Preserve District of DuPage County;Jerry Culp of the Forest Preserve District ofKane County; Forest Preserve District of WillCounty; IL DNR; IN DNR; Lake CountyForest Preserves; WI DNR; SEWRPC. Page 56,Restoration Sites: Lee Botts; Kenosha/RacineLand Trust; Milwaukee Area Land Conservancy;Northeastern Indiana Regional PlanningCommission; The Nature Conservancy. Page 57,Illinois Populations of the Prairie Whitefringed Orchid: IDNR, Illinois Natural HeritageDatabase; USFWS. Page 59, Spring CreekGrassland Birds: Audubon – Chicago Regionreport: Restoring Large Prairies in the Chicago Region,by Judy Pollock. Page 63, Green InfrastructureVision map: source listing available at www.chicagowilderness.org/pdf/TriState Resource RichProtection Areas Map.pdf.Photo and art creditsThomas Antonio: page 16, wild quinine; p.17, prairie dock, rough blazing star, little bluestem, New England aster. Dmitry Azovtsev(via Creative Commons license): page 40, riverotter. John and Jane Balaban: page 16, prairiecinquefoil, LeConte’s violet, prairie alum root;p. 16 and contents page, starry false solomon’sseal; p. 17, Kalm’s brome, sky blue aster. LisaBrown: page 38, green darner. Steve Byers:page 36, both photos. Chicago Park District:page 61, both photos; p. 64, fishing. Citizens forConservation: page 55, student field trip. RobCurtis: contents page and p. 28, scarlet tanager;p.18, upland sandpiper, dickcissel; p. 19, grasshopper sparrow; p. 28, hairy woodpecker, northernoriole, ovenbird, red-headed woodpecker; p. 29,red-tailed hawk; p. 40, moorhen; p. 39, sora. BobDaum: page 22 and p. 69, marsh marigolds; p.58, before and after photos. Deere & Company:page 52, both images. Marcy DeMauro: page56, lakeside daisies. Manuel Diaz: page 49,Springbrook Prairie; p. 54, Messenger Woods.Richie Diesterheft: page 37,Volo Bog. KenDritz: page 16, common blue-eyed grass, heartleaved meadow parsnip; p. 17, prairie gray sedge,copper-shouldered oval sedge. Amy Evenstad(www.magnificentfrigatebird.com/blog): page55, birdwatchers. Forest Preserve District ofCook County: page 17, bearded wheatgrass;p. 54, committee. Allison Frederick, LakeCounty Forest Preserves: page 26, flatwoodsof MacArthur Woods. Carol Freeman: pages14-15, controlled burn; p. 59, controlled burn. Carol Freeman. Friends of the ChicagoRiver: page 51, Du Sable site. Kent Fuller: page16, rattlesnake master; p. 18 marsh blazing star.Emilian Geczi: page 64, exploring the prairie.Tom Gill (via Creative Commons license): page40, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. LanaGits: page 25, drawing. L. Gits & L. Godson,The Prairie Arts: page 12, Turk’s cap lily. BillGlass: front and back cover; pgs. 12-13, top;p. 16, prairie violet, common cinquefoil, wildstrawberry, hoary puccoon, false toadflax, common spiderwort; p.17, wild onion, early goldenrod, Indian grass, heath aster; p. 35, Hitt’s SidingPrairie Nature Preserve; p. 37, grass pink. GillesGonthier (via Creative Commons license): page29, northern short-tailed shrew. Nancy Halliday:page 13, drawing. Kim Harris, The NatureConservancy: page 28, bluebird. John Hines:page 62, Tryon Farm, Michigan City, IN. K. G.Hubert: page 34, buttonbush. K G Hubert. Allrights reserved. Illinois Department of NaturalResources: page 42, fish; p. 45, fish, channel-ized stream. The Illinois Prairie Path: page 56,May Watts. International Crane Foundation:page 39, sandhill crane. Dave and LoreneJagodzinski: page 15, new growth. Lake CountyForest Preserves: page 24, Rollins Savanna. WayneLampa: page 34, smartweeds. Carol Lerner:page 15, drawing. Tim Lindenbaum: page 24,Pembroke Savanna Nature Preserve, KankakeeCounty. Maslowski Productions: page 29, flying squirrel. Ray Mathis: page 60, Glacier Park,McHenry County. Kenneth S. Mierzwa: page21, smooth green snake. Joe B. Milosevich:page 39, egrets. The Morton Arboretum: page22, Millennium Oak; p. 58, Floyd Swink. JackMurphy: page 27, coral fungus. The NatureConservancy: page 14, Dr. Betz; p. 54, fawn.Corasue Nicholas: pages 6, 7, 23, 28, 32, 34,35, 36, 43, 46, 47, graphics and artwork. VincentOlivares, Chicago Academy of Sciences andits Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum: page57, silver-bordered fritillaries. Openlands: page53, 1873 view of the Des Plaines. Steve Packard:pages 2-3; p. 27, trillium in forest; p. 36, ladyslippers. Ron Panzer: cover butterfly; title page butterfly; p. 20, all images. Arthur Melville Pearson:page 60, backyard garden. Ed Post: page 49:Karner blue butterfly. James P. Rowan: Page21, bison; p.25 and p. 67, maple leaves; p. 30, allimages; p. 31, gray tree frog and chorus frog; p. 33and p. 71, Cowles’ Bog; p. 41, Blanding’s turtle; p.44, river; p.46, Fowler’s toad. Ed Schneider: page19, brown thrasher. David Sollenberger: page16, prairie phlox. Steve (via Creative Commonslicense): page 40, beaver. Jerry Sullivan: page 7,esker. Brian Tang: page 54, coyote. Doug Taron:page 57, butterfly monitors. K. Taylor: page 17,yellow coneflower. Ralph Thornton: page 25,woodlands. Tico (via Creative Commons license):page 37, sundew. Gary Tyson, TiadaghtonAudubon Society: page 19, eastern kingbird.USDI National Park Service/Indiana DunesNational Lakeshore: page 27, earth star; p. 40,tree; p. 41, baby snappers; p. 51, women building lodge. U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency: page 47, zebra mussels. U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service: page 43, photos; p.45, stream; p.57, pollination. University of Chicago, JosephRegenstein Library: page 46, H. C. Cowles.Mike VanValen (via Creative Commons license):page 31, eastern milksnake. Rhonda Williams:page 29, white-footed mouse.

72 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITYindexalgae, 34, 43, 48aquifers, 36, 48Arboretum, U. of Wisconsin, 56Betz, Dr. Robert F., 14, 57birdsand area sensitivity, 18-19and prairies, 18-19and wetlands, 38-39and wooded communities,28-29bogs, 37Chain O’Lakes State Park, 54Chicago Lake Plain, 9Chicago River, 9, 44Chicago Wilderness alliance, 3,66-68Chiwaukee Prairie, 41Clean Water Act, 33, 44, 48climate change, 48, 49coal deposits, 4communities, natural, 11Cowles, Henry Chandler, 46foredunes, 46forest preserves, creation of, 54forests, 27Fox River, 33, 36, 43fungi, 27fur trade, 50geology, 4-9glacial drift, 4glaciers, 4-7, 9, 26, 32, 36, 42,49, 50Grand Calumet River, 44-45grasslands, 12-13, 15see also prairiesGreat Lakes basins, 4green infrastructure, 62-63herpsdefinition of, 21and prairies, 21and wetlands, 41and wooded communities,30-31Deer Grove Preserve, 54Deere, John, 12, 52Des Plaines River, 4, 8, 9, 33,38, 45, 54dolomite, 4drain tile, 33dunes, 9, 24, 46, 47DuSable, Jean Baptiste Point,51Ice Age, 4, 49Illinois Beach State Park, 9, 46,54Indiana Dunes NationalLakeshore, 33, 46, 47, 51,54, 58insectsand prairies, 20and wetlands, 38and wooded communities,31ecosystems, 11esker, 7Jensen, Jens, 54fens, 32, 36Fermi National AcceleratorLab, 14, 21, 57, 58fire-dependent, 12-15flatwoods, 26floodplain, 32, 44forbs, 13, 14Kankakee River, 31, 34, 44-45,54Lake Calumet, 33Lake Chicago, 8, 9Lake Michigan, 46-47, 48, 61history of, 6-9Lake Renwick, 39lakes, 42-43and distinction between lakeand pond, 42and nutrient categories,42-43and stratification and turnover, 43Leave No Child Inside, 64mammalsand prairies 20and wetlands, 40and wooded communities,29marsh, 32, 34Midewin National TallgrassPrairie, 15, 18, 54, 59moraines, 6-9Morton Arboretum, The, 22,56, 58mycorrhizal fungi, 27Native Americans, 15, 21, 40,50-51, 56and Potawatomi, 50and Illini, 50peat, 9, 32, 35, 36, 37, 43Perkins, Dwight, 54Pleistocene, see Ice Agepopulation growth, 48, 53prairies, 12-21and evolution of, 12-13and fire, 14-15and roots and soils, 13-14and root systems, 15and succession, 15and types of, 14restoration, 56-61and prairies, 14-15, 19, 21,56-57and woodlands, 23, 25,57-58rivers, 32, 44-45and size categories, 44Sag Valley, 8, 9savanna, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28,29and types of, 24Schulenberg, Ray, 56-57sedge meadow, 32, 35shrub swamp, 32, 34soils, 5, 9, 12, 13-14, 15, 22and chemistry of fens andbogs, 32, 36-37and flatwoods, 26and open woodlands, 25and prairies, 12-15and savannas, 24and soil moisture of woodedcommunities, 22-23and wetlands, 32, 35streams, 44-45and channelized, 44and headwater, 44and low-order, 44and mid-order, 44Swink, Floyd, 58vernal pond, 30, 31Volo Bog, 37volunteers, 3, 56-58, 65and the VolunteerStewardship Network, 58,65water cycle, 48Watts, May T., 56wetlands, 31-41chemistry of, 32and how wet they are, 32and legal definition, 33loss of, 32-33and where they are, 32-33wooded communities, 22-31woodlands, open, 25

AppendicesSpecies IndexPlantsalum root, prairie, Heuchera richardsonii, 16ash, black, Fraxinus nigra, 26ashes, Fraxinus spp., 23, 25, 26, 27aster, heath, Aster ericoides, 17aster, New England, Aster novae-angliae, 13, 17aster, sky-blue, Aster azureus, 17basswood, Tilia americana, 22, 23beech, American, Fagus grandifolia, 27birch, bog, Betula pumila, 37birch, paper, Betula papyrifera, 49blazingstar, cylindric, Liatris cylindracea, 13blazingstar, marsh, Liatris spicata, 17blazingstar, prairie, Liatris pyc

66 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY Chicago Wilderness alliance The Chicago Wilderness Atlas of Biodiversity is a publication of the Chicago Wilderness alliance. Member organizations, as of September 2011, include: Alliance for