Language’and’Social’Change’

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LanguageandSocialChange

Whenischange? Ge4ngawayfromastadialistperspec ve. smallevents. �––Reproduc onCategoriesIndexicalityStylis cPrac ceAuthen cityPejora onAppropria on

.(1902- ‐1920).Atlaslinguis quedelaFrance.Paris:H.Champion.

ABHCFOMDGILENJPick a Dialect

*una granda fiλa kanta bene/plane‘a big girl sings well’

ABHCFOMDGILENJ

How did French become a language and the restdialects? Francewasn’tjusttheretobeginwith- ‐ithadtobeconstructed. Theconstruc onofacommonstandardlanguage- ‐French- ‐wascentraltotheconstruc onofFrance. Thisinvolvedcodifica on,regula on,bothofthespokenandwriYenlanguage.– Frenchgotstandardized- ‐thatis,arela velyinvariantdialectwascreated– Frenchgotgrammarsanddic onaries– Frenchgotenforced- ‐requiredindocuments,andadministra vefuc ons,etc.

Acommonlinguis cvarietycanservetounifyana onintwoways:–Asalinguafranca,facilita ngcommunica onacrosstheen repopula on.–Asindexicalofna onhood,of(apar cular)commonorigin.

Power ica on.Inpre- ‐revolu :– eswithitkeepstheirvoiceslocal.– epstheci esfed.– ersevarie eskeepsthemfromuni .

LanguageShiA ertheFrenchrevolu on,intheinterestsofpar cipatorydemocracy,universaleduca onwasins tuted- superiorto‘patois’,denigra ngnotonlynon- ‐Frenchdialects,butlinguis cvariability,andthecultures- ‐eventheminds- ‐associatedwithnon- ‐Frenchdialects.

againstthatcollec fstruggle,intheirunity,intheircapaci esandul telandofnon- esfromthatwasteland.Itmakesthemwanttoiden p://www.swaraj.org/ngugi.htm

LanguageShi ��). Diglossia–createsalinguis qualdomains. This(alongwithotherfactors)resultsinthepejora is cs,18,1053–64.

eplacementofthelocalvarietybyFrenchsitua onbysitua renchand“patois”cometoindexopposi onalmeaningsbasedon:educa onWealthurbanityin macyChangingsoundscapes

wingtrutwertracteurtractortrat:yrfourchettefork (hurko)furshetogéographie geographygeografiopharmaciefarmasiopharmacy

tunanemi

Whichledtopejora nbariselo

Béziers2007Construc ngethnicityIndexicalinversion?

ABHCFOMDGILENJ

Comingfullcircle:IsitGascon? *f hFrench[fœ],Gasconhuk *n ø/V VFrench[lyn],Gascon[lyo] Affirma vepar cleque

LanguageShiShi ingfunc onsShi ingindexicali es

AnotherLanguageLifeCycle Arabicisalanguagecon nuum– ClassicalArabicasaunifyinglanguage linguafranca sacredlanguage NorthAfricawascolonized,mostlybyFrench– Frenchbecamethelanguageofglobality,finance– Postcolonial:FrenchandArabicasstandards Arabicindexescultural,religiousauthen city,masculinity FrenchindexesEuropeanculture,inauthen city,femininitySadiqi,Fa rill.

GenderedPaYernsofLanguageShiIntradi onalArc cculture,menengagedinicefishing,polarbearhun ng,andsealhun ng–ac vi s,theystayedfairlyclosetohome,andtheirmajorac vi dlinguis csurvivance.Clevedon,UK:Mul lingualmaYers

aq(one- ‐year- eshoo ?Underwater?Whentheyharpoonit?11.Tom:Evon- �oa ultureandlinguis csurvivance.Clevedon,UK:Mul lingualmaYers

TokPisininNewGuinea ingcosmopolitanstatus. MissionariesIntroducinghierarchy– Buyinglabor– Churchhierarchy– Pejora onofna veculture ndculturalreproduc on.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.

SocialchangeandCajunlanguageideology1921legisla isiana,conver ngtheeduca vilys gma zed1960s- srisensignificantly.1997survey:Preserva ung,Frenchfluentpeopleiden fiedmorestronglyasCajunsthantheoldergenera sociatedwithbeingCajun.Dubois, S. and Melançon, M. 1997. Cajun is dead; long live Cajun: Shifting from alinguistic to a cultural community. Journal of linguistics, 1.63-93.!

women70Closednetworks- ‐mostfriendsliveintown50% nmen60th closed40th open30dh closed20dh uage.oldmiddle-agedyoungInoldergenera nAllyoungspeakershaveEnglish.1009080% stops70th closed6050th open4030dh closed20dh a.1998.Let's nkaboutdat:InterdentalFrica vesinCajunEnglish.Languagevaria onandchange,10.245- enttomarkerinCajunEnglish:Astudyofdialectforma oninprogress.EnglishWorldWide,19.161- ‐88.

JonathanHolmquist.1985.Socialcorrelatesofalinguis y14:191- on’tknowit’eltrabajudelcampunolosaben[u] 0.[o] 4

HOLMQUIST,JONATHAN.1985.Socialcorrelatesofalinguis y,14.191- ‐203.250height of y Farming0 [o].4 [u]Heightof(u)inUciedaWorkers

nçaisparlé:Etudessociolinguis ques,ed.byP.Thibault,13- ‐28.Edmonton,Alberta:Linguis cResearch.)

an:/r/inMontrealFrench.Language,83.560- ‐88.

Moore,Emma.2004.Sociolinguis cstyle:Amul dimensionalresourceforsharediden tycrea on.Canadianjournaloflinguis cs,49.375- YEAR9YEAR10

estate0.30.20.10Rhotaciza onInterdental

Personae:Thedoctor,theson,andthegaydivaReleased /t/Medical6%Burstduration33 ms.Barbecue3%49 ms.p .010p .048Podesva,R.(2004).Onconstruc datSociolinguis csSymposium15.NewcastleuponTyne.

Varia onandSocialChange Peoplechangeastheygofromminutetominute,situa ontositua on,daytoday,andthroughlife. hange.

StylesandRegisters Stylemakesloca onsinthesociallandscapeobservable. Stylis cprac ceisanongoingprocessthatshi sthelandscapeaspeoplemakeimpercep bleandpercep blesocialmoves. nsualloca oninthesociallandscape,itmightbecalledaregister

Register “alinguis crepertoirethatisassociated,culture- ‐internally,withpar cularsocialprac cesandwithpersonswhoengageinsuchprac ntolinguis canthropology,ed.byAlessandroDuran ,23- ‐45.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress. “acoherentcomplexoflinguis cfeatureslinkedtoasitua helinguis cexpressionofemo on,.Languageandthepoli csofemo on,ed.byCatherineA.LutzandLilaAbu- s.

Enregisterment Theprocessbywhichalinguis crepertoireCOMESTOBEassociated,culture- ‐internally,withpar cularsocialprac cesandwithpersonswhoengageinsuchprac anguageandcommunica on,23.231- ‐73.

Linguis ks,1958).

nsomecapacity(StanfordEncyclopediaofPhilosophy).

acity.

CREAK ityforyoungurban- ech,85(3),315–337. Podesva,R.(2010).Genderandthesocialmeaningofnon- ‐modalphona ontypes.PaperpresentedattheBerkeleyLinguis cSociety. heacous crealiza onofcreakyvoice:evidencefromconversa atLinguis cSocietyofAmericaannuallmee ng,Portland,OR.

TwoverydifferentpersonaeMaraLiassonSallyHerships

CampforGirlsandmanyotherplaces.Herinves ga anIREfinalist.SallyteachesWri nddrawingsupermodels,robotsandcatsforsohosally.com

EliseHuZoeChaceSteveHenn

ZoeChace “thisnewgenera anding.” ard.”

Liability2012SpareChair2014

kʔit’sʔo ayʔitsBlackberryTenʔis late

CreakinessMeanH1- ability2.42nsPolicing4.00

.0002.0001.0257

0077305

01361.000191ns.0257360.0077100ns30593

air802.56038E- ‐07Liability61.0109Policing36

000eLiability.360.0821Policing.17

enceJones

Turkers’AgebyDecade

TerenceJonesagep .0003

MiddleAmericansp .0001n.s.

Coastalp .0041Agep .062p .0002

Coastalp .0001Agep .0079

Policingage:p .0620

Policing:overandunder40P .0216

Under40

Over40

Personae Changeiswhatmakeslanguageviableforhumanlife. Socialchange,likelinguis taininterpretability. Changesinpersonaecons tutesmallandimmediatelyaccessiblesocialchanges.

IndexicalObsolescence Theyoungareleadersinbothsocialandlinguis cchange. Thenewpersonaetheyconstructcons tutenewdis nc onsinthesocialorder. Thesedis nc onsarelessinterpretabletopeoplewhodonotpar pateinthenewsocialorder. Olderpeoplearelikelytointerpretstylis cchangesintermsofanoldersocialorder.

Language’Shi_’ A_er’the’French’revolu tuted’P’above’all .

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