Mars 2020 Mission - MEPAG
Mars 2020 MissionKen FarleyProject Scientist (Caltech)April 5, 2018MEPAG MeetingMars 2020 ProjectCL 18-1654
Mars 2020 Mission ObjectivesMars 2020 ProjectGEOLOGICEXPLORATIONHABITABILITY ANDBIOSIGNATURES Explore an ancientenvironment on Mars Assess habitability ofancient environment Understand processes offormation and alteration Seek evidence of past life Select sampling locationswith high biosignaturepreservation potential2016 KDP-C SMD Program Management CouncilPREPARE ARETURNABLECACHEPREPARE FORHUMANEXPLORATION Capability to collect 40samples and blanks, 20 inprime mission Measure temperature,humidity, wind, and dustenvironment Include geologic diversity Demonstrate In Situ ResourceUtilization by convertingatmospheric CO2 to O2 Deposit samples on thesurface for possible returnsee backup for formal wording 2017underCaliforniaof Technology.sponsorshipThe technical data in this document are controlledthe U.S.InstituteExport Regulations.Release Governmentto foreign personsmayrequire an export authorization. Pre-Decisional: For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only.acknowledged.2
Mars 2020 Looks Like CuriosityMars 2020 ProjectSimilar, but different 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.3
Mars 2020Mars 2020 ProjectA.B.L AS E RR E T R OR E FL E CT ORC.MMRTGD.- new science instruments- new wheels- new engineering cameras- enhanced autonomy capabilities- 5 hour ops timeline- enhanced EDL cameras- enhanced EDL capabilities- helicopter (still being assessed)GEOLOGIC EXPLORATIONHABITABILITY &BIOSIGNATURESPREPARE A RETURNABLECACHEPREPARE FOR HUMANEXPLORATIONCACHI NG S Y S T E MCollects anddeposits on thesurface of Marssealed tubes ofrock and soilsamples forfuture return toEarth 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.Image credit: Naturemagazine4
Current StatusMars 2020 Project Just Completed System Integration Review Key Decision Point D in April 2018 Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations have begun final fine-tuning and start of implementation of ContaminationKnowledge Plan, in consultation with JSC Curation team.Contamination knowledge artifacts will be curated at JSC. 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.5
Progress and ChallengesMars 2020 ProjectProject Scientist Perspective:- Science instruments- Flight software- Sampling system- Sample integrity
Milestones to LaunchMars 2020 ProjectDateJan 25, 2018Feb 27-28, 2018Apr 10, 2018Status/DescriptionAssembly, Test, and Launch Operations Readiness ReviewSystem Integration Review (Formal approval to proceed into system integration & test)Planned first power on of Mars 2020 flight hardware in the JPL Spacecraft AssemblyFacilityFeb, 2018Begin Vehicle Stack to Cruise ConfigurationApr, 2018Cruise Configuration Thermal Vacuum TestMay, 2018Vehicle de-stackSep/Oct, 2018Surface Thermal TestDec, 2019Pre-Ship Review prior to vehicle shipment to KSCFeb, 2020Ship vehicle to KSCMay/June, 2020Stack vehicle to launch configurationJun/Jul, 2020Launch vehicle fairing encapsulation and transport to launch padJul 17, 2020Launch period opens 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.7
Samples and Returnable CacheMars 2020 ProjectThe goal of Mars 2020 sample collection is to acquire a diverse suiteof samples for the full range of investigations to which Martiansamples are likely to be subjected upon Earth returnSpecifically, the rover will be capable of:1) Acquiring 37 samples total, and 20 samples in the prime mission (probably 1.5 Mars years)- consisting of rock regolith blanks2) Rock samples: 15 g cylinder (or cylindrical fragments)3) Regolith: 15 g (mixed - no preservation of stratigraphy)4) Blanks: 5 witness tubes, and a single drillable blank 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.8
SamplesMars 2020 ProjectSample Tube MathNumber of rock-regolith-blank tubes required by science:37Engineering margin (collection failure):5Total Number of sample tubes available on rover:42(rock and regolith tubes are identical; relative proportions will be determined by science team)------------Number of samples that must be demonstrated to be acquirable in prime mission:20(this is a capability that drives efficiency and autonomy of operations) 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.9
Depot CachingMars 2020 Project 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.10
Surface OperationsBaseline Reference ScenarioMars 2020 ProjectThe project system shall have the capability to performthe following Baseline Reference Scenario (BRS)surface mission within 1.25 Mars years (836 sols),which includes the following:ROI #2Campaign #4500 m500 m Conduct the investigations required to meet scienceobjectives A and B and meet technology objective DDrive: Explore 2 Regions Of Interest (ROI) 6 km of long traverse to achieve 2 science campaigns per ROI 1.5 km of local traverse to explore Acquiring 9 cached samples per ROI,consisting of 7 Mars rock / regolith samples and2 witness blank samplesROI #1 Acquire 2 rock and/or regolith “waypoint” samples Single Cache Depot at a location near ROI #2500 m6 kmCampaign #3Campaign #2500 m500 mCampaign #1500 mDrive:6 kmLanding Site 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.11
Cache ReturnabilityMars 2020 ProjectFrom the Mars 2020 SDT ReportHow will science value of cache be estimated? How will we establishwhether Mars 2020 is on track to meet the goal of cache returnability? Andeventually, that the returnability goal has been met?Number of samples is one way, but perhaps not the best way 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.12
SamplesMars 2020 ProjectSamples have tight requirements on sample integrity:1. Cleanliness- biologic: 1 viable terrestrial organism per tube, 10 total terrestrial organisms per tube [TBC]- on track to meet requirement with healthy margin- organics: 10 ppb total organic carbon (TOC), 1 ppb key marker compounds1-on track to meet requirements on rock cores, likely to be 5x TOC on regolith- elemental: limits on 21 geochemically important elements, based on Mars meteorite concentrations2- meeting requirements with healthy margin with exception of W, and possible challenges with Pb2. Sample temperature not to exceed 60oC- landing site dependent; but healthy margin at each3. Limited fragmentation/fracture/powdering of rock samples4. Hermetically sealed immediately after drilling and assessment1 seereport of the Organic Contamination Panel; full citation in backup material2Levelsestablished from community assessment by D. Beaty et al., endorsed by mars 2020 Returned Sample Science Board 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.13
Sampling & Caching Subsystem (SCS)Mars 2020 Project 42 sampletubesBit Carousel(part of ACA)Caching AssemblyRobotic ArmAdaptive CachingAssembly (ACA)(internal to Rover)Turret Coring drillSHERLOC / WATSON InstrumentPIXL Instrument 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.14
Coring and Sample TubeMars 2020 ProjectCoringBitHermetically sealed sample tubeCore 5 cm long x 1 cm diameter 15 grams 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.15
Landing Site SelectionMars 2020 ProjectJEZERONE SYRTISCOLUMBIA HILLS Deltaic/lacustrine depositionwith possible igneous unitand hydrous alteration Extremely ancient igneous,hydrothermal, andsedimentary environments Carbonate, sulfate, andsilica-rich outcrops ofpossible hydrothermalorigin. Hesperian volcanics. Minerologic diversityincluding clays andcarbonates High mineralogic diversitywith phyllosilicates,sulfates, carbonates, olivine Potential biosignaturesidentified Shallow water carbonates? Possible serpentinizationand subsurface habitability Previously explored byMERFinal Community Workshop: Oct '18, Open to all Interested Scientists 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.16
“Midway”Mars 2020 Project Safe landing ellipse featuring NE Syrtis-type terrainlocated as close as possible to Jezero Crater?10 km 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.17
Jezero to Midway traverseMars 2020 Project 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.18
Mission OverviewMars 2020 ProjectLAUNCHCRUISE/APPROACHENTRY, DESCENT & LANDINGSURFACE MISSION Atlas V 541 vehicle 7 month cruise 20 km traverse distance capability Launch ReadinessDate: July 2020 Arrive Feb 2021 MSL EDL system ( Range Triggerand Terrain Relative Navigation):guided entry and powered descent/SkyCrane 16 x 14 km landing ellipse (rangetrigger baselined) Seeking signs of past life Access to landing sites 30 latitude, -0.5 km elevation Prepare for human exploration of Mars Launch window:July/August 2020 Enhanced surface productivity Qualified to 1.5 Martian year lifetime Returnable cache of samples Curiosity-class RoverCL#16-3944 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.19
Mars 2020 ProjectBACKUP20
Mars 2020 Mission Objectives Conduct Rigorous In Situ ScienceMars 2020 Project– Geologic Context and History Characterize the processes that formed and modified thegeologic record within a field exploration area on Mars selected for evidence of anastrobiologically-relevant ancient environment and geologic diversity– In Situ Astrobiology Perform the following astrobiologically relevant investigations on thegeologic materials at the landing site:1. Determine the habitability of an ancient environment.2. For ancient environments interpreted to have been habitable, search for materialswith high biosignature preservation potential.3. Search for potential evidence of past life using the observations regarding habitabilityand preservation as a guide. Enable the Future: Sample Return– Assemble rigorously documented and returnable cached samples for possible future return toEarth.1. Obtain samples that are scientifically selected, for which the field context isdocumented, that contain the most promising samples identified in Objective B andthat represent the geologic diversity of the field site.2. Ensure compliance with future needs in the areas of planetary protection andengineering so that the cached samples could be returned in the future if NASAchooses to do so.CL#16-3944 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.21
Mars 2020 Mission ObjectivesMars 2020 Project Enable the Future: Human Exploration– Contribute to the preparation for human exploration of Mars by making significant progresstowards filling at least one major Strategic Knowledge Gap (SKG). The highest priority SKGmeasurements that are synergistic with Mars 2020 science objectives and compatible withthe mission concept are:1. Demonstration of In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies to enable propellantand consumable oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere for futureexploration missions.2. Characterization of atmospheric dust size and morphology to understands its effectson the operation of surface systems and human health.3. Surface weather measurements to validate global atmospheric models.4. A set of engineering sensors embedded in the Mars 2020 heat shield and backshell togather data on the aerothermal conditions, thermal protection system, andaerodynamic performance characteristics of the Mars 2020 entry vehicle during itsentry and descent to the Mars surface.CL#16-3944 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.22
Organic LimitsMars 2020 Project Planning Considerations Related to the Organic Contamination of Martian Samples andImplications for the Mars 2020 Rover2014 Organic Contamination Panel, Summons R.E., Sessions A.L., (co-chairs), Allwood A.C., BartonH.A., Beaty D.W., Blakkolb B., Canham J., Clark B.C., Dworkin J.P., Lin Y., Mathies R., Milkovich S.M., andSteele A. Astrobiology. December 2014, 14(12): 969-1027. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1244 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.23
Mars 2020 Project Mars 2020 Mission. April 5, 2018. MEPAG Meeting. CL 18-1654 . Ken Farley . Project Scientist (Caltech) The technical data in this document are controlled under the U.S. Export Regulations. Release to foreign persons may require an export authorization. PreDecisional: For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only.- Mars 2020 Project. 2016 KDP-C SMD Program Management Council. Mars .
Venus and Mars Chapter 22 I. Venus A. The Rotation of Venus B. The Atmosphere of Venus C. The Venusian Greenhouse D. The Surface of Venus E. Volcanism on Venus F. A History of Venus II. Mars A. The Canals of Mars B. The Atmosphere of Mars C. The Geology of Mars D. Hidden Water on Mars E. A History of Mars
August 31, 2017 Page 5 Step 4: Launch MARS To launch the MARS software application, click Start All Programs MARS MARS or double- click the MARS desktop shortcut (Figure 1) that was created during installation. Figure 1: MARS desktop icon If the following message (Figure 2) appears upon startup, please use the link to contact MARS Sales,
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), launched on July 20, 2020 at 01:58:14 GST (July 19, 2020 at 21:58:14 UTC) and entered Mars orbit on February 9, 2021, is the United Arab The Emirates Mars Mission Edited by Dave Brain and Sarah Yousef Al Amiri Extended author information available on the last page of the article.
Director – Mars Exploration Program Mars Sample Return: Introduction April 15, 2020. Presented to (virtual) MEPAG Spring Meeting. NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by JPL or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state .
Venus? Mars is too cold. Why? – What happened to Mars’ greenhouse? – What happened to Mars’ atmosphere – Mars Odyssey/ Search for water Homework 4 is due 6am on Tues, 20 Feb. Goldilocks #1 Venus is too hot; Mars is too cold. Why is the earth just right, not too cold and not too hot?
MARS ODYSSEY Sent up in 2001 and named after the iconic sci-fi novel and film 2001: A Space Odyssey It is a NASA orbital satellite that is currently about 2,400 miles above Mars’ surface. It holds the record as the longest operating spacecraft orbiting Mars. Mars Odyssey’s mission was
News & Views A New Analysis of Mars ‘‘Special Regions’’: Findings of the Second MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group (SR-SAG2) John D. Rummel,1 David W. Beaty,2 Melissa A. Jones,2 Corien Bakermans,3 Nadine G. Barlow,4 Penelope J. Boston,5 Vincent F. Chevrier,6 Benton C. Clark,7 Jean-Pierre P. de Vera,8 Raina V. Gough,9 John E. Hallsworth,10 James W. Head,11 Victoria J. Hipkin .
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