64 Things You Need To Know In Chess
64 Things You Need to Knowin ChessJohn Walker
First published in the UK by Gambit Publications Ltd 2002Copyright John Walker 2002The right of John Walker to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in ac cordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of tradeor otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding orcover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including thiscondition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.A copy of the British Library Cataloguing in Publication data is available from the BritishLibrary.ISBN 1 901983 67 6DISTRIBUTION:Worldwide (except USA): Central Books Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN.Tel 44 (0)20 8986 4854 Fax 44 (0)20 8533 582 1 . E-mail: orders@Centralbooks.comUSA: BHB International, Inc., 4 1 Monroe Turnpike, Trumbull, CT 066 1 1 , USA.For all other enquiries (including a full list of all Gambit Chess titles) please contact thepublishers, Gambit Publications Ltd, P.O. Box 32640, London W14 OJN.E-mail Murray@gambitchess.freeserve.co.ukOr visit the GAMBIT web site at http://www.gambitbooks.comEdited by Graham BurgessTypeset by Petra NunnPrinted in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wilts.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Gambit Publications LtdManaging Director: GM Murray ChandlerChess Director: GM John NunnEditorial Director: FM Graham BurgessGerman Editor: WFM Petra Nunn
ContentsSymbols and NotationSome Chess Terms and 3242526427282930The Basic MatesMate with King and QueenMate with King and RookMate with 1\vo RooksMate with 1\vo BishopsMate with Bishop and KnightMate with 1\vo KnightsTry for Yourself SolutionsTactical Themes5678101214161818Decoy and DeflectionDouble Attacks and ForksDiscovered AttacksThe PinThe SkewerInterference or Line-BlockingThe IntermezzoPerpetual CheckStalemateTry for Yourself Solutions1920222426283032343638Endgame Basics39The OppositionPromotion and the OppositionThe Rook's Pawn and StalemateThe Wrong BishopThe Rook's Pawn and the Trapped KingThe SquareCounting in a Pawn RaceThe Sting in the TailKing and Queen vs King and PawnThe h- and f-Pawn ExceptionsThe BreakthroughTry for Yourself SolutionsOpening PrinciplesDevelopmentThe Importance of TimePieces and the CentrePawns and the Centre4042444546485052545658606162646668
64 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS4313233Castling and the CentreGambitsChoosing Your Openings5343536373839404142The Power of the 364The Value of the PiecesOpen LinesThe Back Rank and the Pawn-ShieldRooks and the Seventh RankBishop or Knight?The Bad BishopThe Two BishopsOutpostsUnderpromotionTry for Yourself SolutionsThe PawnsPawn-StructureWeak PawnsHolesDoubled PawnsThe Isolated Queen's PawnHanging PawnsCapturing Towards the CentrePassed PawnsThe Pawn-ChainTry for Yourself PositionsTry for Yourself SolutionsMore Endgame KnowledgeMore About the OppositionTriangulationTempiThe Outside Passed PawnRooks Need ActivityRooks Belong Behind Passed PawnsThe Rook and the a-PawnCutting Off the KingZugzwangExchanging in the EndgameTry for Yourself SolutionsAt the BoardIt's Winning that MattersThe Art of 39596981001021041081101121141151161 17118122124126128130132134135136138139140142144
Symbols and NotationThroughout this book we use the short formof algebraic notation.0-00-0-0xThe Board Each row of squares across the board iscalled a rank, and is given a number start ing from White's side.Each row of squares running up theboard is called afile, and is given a letterstarting from White's left-hand side. abcdeh#(D)castles on the kingsidecastles on the queensidetakescheckdouble checkcheckmatesee next diagramWe use ! to show a good move and ? toshow a bad move.! ! shows a move which is brilliant and verystrong whilst ? shows a terrible move.Writing the MovesEach square is named by first giving thefile letter and then the rank number. In ourdiagram a white rook stands on al, the whitequeen at c2, the black king at g7 and so on.The SymbolsWe use symbols as abbreviations for piecesand some chess terms. KingQueen'iWRook.:t.tBishopKnightlLlThe pawn symbol is not used in chessnotation.There are five things that may be written whenwriting a move:a) the symbol for the piece which moves(unless it is a pawn, in which case no symbolis used).b) any necessary clarification of the file orrank from which the piece moves.c) a capture sign, if a capture is beingmade.d) the square to which the piece moves.e) a check symbol if the move played givescheck.In the diagram in the previous column, thewhite rook that stands on al can move to a8.This would be written l:.a8.If the black rook on h7 moved to h6, thiswould be written l:.hh6, to distinguish itfrom a move by the other rook from f6 to h6.The three dots signify that this is a move byBlack.If check is given, the check symbol will bewritten after the move. In the diagram Whitecan give check with his rook on a7. Thiswould be written l:la7 .
64 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS6But if White does give check with hisrook Black could capture the rook with hisqueen. This would be written 'it'xa7.As the pawn has no symbol, the first ofour five steps is left out when we write apawn move. If White advances the pawn infront of his queen, the move is written sim ply as c4. When a pawn makes a capture,the file of departure is also given. Thus ifWhite moved his f-pawn forward and Blackthen captured it, Black's move would bewritten as gxf3. .Naming PawnsA pawn is named according to the file onwhich it stands. In the diagram the pawn onc3 is White's c-pawn. The pawn on e6 isBlack's e-pawn and so on.Naming PiecesIf in the commentary it is necessary to dis tinguish between two similar pieces of thesame colour, each is named according to thesquare it stands upon. In the diagram Blackhas two rooks, his f6-rook and his h7-rook.Some Chess Terms and ExpressionsBlunder: a very bad mistake.Combination: a series of moves, generallyincluding a sacrifice, aimed at gaining anadvantage.Centre: the middle of the board, in particu lar the squares d4, e4, d5 and e5.En Prise: a piece is said to be en prise whenit is attacked and its capture would result in aloss of material.Exchange, the: the material advantage of arook against a knight or bishop.Fianchetto: the development of a bishop tob2, g2, b7 or g7.Flight Square: an escape square to whichan attacked piece, often a king, may run.Initiative: a player has the initiative whenhe begins to play forcefully and restrict hisopponent's choice of replies.Kingside: the half of the board to White'sright: the e-, f-, g- and h-files.Loose: a piece that is undefended.Major Pieces: the queens and rooks.Material: a general term covering bothpieces and pawns.Minor Pieces: the bishops and knights.Queenside: the half of the board to White'sleft: the a-, b-, c- and d-files.Sacrifice: voluntarily giving up material inthe hope of gaining some other kind of ad vantage.
1 The Basic Mates123456Mate with King and QueenMate with King and RookMate with Two RooksMate with Two BishopsMate with Bishop and KnightMate with Two KnightsTry for Yourself Solutions8101214161818Checkmate is the aim of the game. If you are starting out in chess, you will need to know thesimple methods of mating your opponent when he has only his king left on the board. As youget stronger, you will find that your opponents will usually resign and not put you to the test.Even so, there will be times, particularly in quickplay events, where you are short of timeand your opponent plays on. Then you will have to have a sound and reliable method thatyou can follow at speed before your flag falls.The basic mates with queen or rook are easy. Those with the minor pieces are much moredifficult, but don't worry too much about them. In fifty years of playing chess, I have neverbeen asked to checkmate with bishop and knight or with two bishops. Nor have I ever seen aplayer having to do so.
864 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS1 Mate with King and QueenTrap the king in his coffin and nail the lidshut! Here's how:a) Use your queen to make the coffinsmaller and smaller.b) Use your king to give support.c) Trap the enemy against the side of theboard.d) But beware stalemate!There are several moves the black king canmake. It doesn't matter which; our methodis just the same. Let's suppose:1 6 (D)In this diagram the black king is trappedby the queen inside the rectangle of thirtysquares shown. This is his coffin. You mustmake the rectangle smaller:1 'iVdS (D)Look at the next diagram and see how thisqueen move has cut the black king's rectan gle down to just twelve squares.From now on you follow the simplemethod:a) If you can make the rectangle smallerwithout it being stalemate, then do so.b) If you can't make the rectanglesmaller, bring up your king in support. Byusing your king and queen in combination,you will easily be able to make the rectanglesmaller.What now?Can you make the rectangle smaller?No.Should you give check, by 2 'ifd6 for in stance?No. Check is usually a bad idea because itlets the black king out of his coffin.So, bring up your king !
9THE BASIC MATES2 d2The king has a long and slow journey tomake. But there is no hurry. You have fiftymoves in which to deliver checkmate, sothe king will get there in plenty of time. g623 'iVeSOf course! White must make the rectangle smaller.3rl;f74 e3 g65 f4 f76 'iPgS (D) 88776655Beware of these two positions. Black hasno legal move in either, so if it is his turn tomove it is stalemate and the game is drawn. Asilly way to lose half a point!Now back to the play.6 g8Or 6 . .' f8 7 g6 rl;g8 and either 8 "ilg7#or 8 "ile8#.7 "ife7Now the black king is shut inside a rectan gle of just two squares and nailing the lid onthe coffin is easy.7'ifi h88 .tg6 iitg89 "ilg1# (D)The black king has only two squares, f8and g8, and he's going to be trapped on theedge of the board whichever he uses.But as the king gets squashed into asmaller and smaller space, remember stale-88776655Or9 "ife8# (D)mate!88887777666655
1064 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS2 Mate with King and RookThe method here is just the same as matingwith king and queen.a) Use your rook to make a rectangle.b) Use your king to give support to therook.With a rook, the process is slower but thegood news is that you don't have to worryquite so much about stalemate.If it is Black's turn to move in the two positions below then he is stalemated.8877665588776655443322At first sight following our method it looksas if you should play 1 .l:te4 (D) and makethe rectangle smaller.abcdeh88765If you follow the mating method you areunlikely to reach either of these positions.765432But remember:It is very easy when playing chess to getexcited and carried away with your ownplans, especially when you are winning. Youmust always remember your opponent is stillthere and every time you are about to moveyou must ask yourself the question 'Whatwill he do next?'We will start from the position in the fol lowing diagram:However, this does not bring you closer toyour goal. Black will simply play l.'iftf5and your rook will have to run away. Therook is not as powerful as the queen, and it isgoing to need more support from your king.Remember that if we can't make the rect angle smaller then we bring the king up insupport:1 'it c3.tf4
11THE BASIC MATES2 'Otd33 lle4 (D)6 l:lg3 7 c;t f3And now the black king is trapped insidea rectangle at White's end of the board.8877665544332288776655443322What to do now? Your king and rook are inperfect position but before you can give check mate you must waste a move:34 lle38 lle3You make the rectangle smaller.4'iii h l h2 (D) g25 'it e2 (D)Or 8l:H3 or 8 l:r.a3 - or any other rook movethat doesn't let the black king escape from hiscomer.8 'it hlBlack had only one possible move.9 l:r.h3# (D)Your king and rook work together tosquash the king into his coffin. gl5
1264 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS3 Mate with Two RooksThis is the easiest of the basic mates.a) Choose on which edge of the boardyou will mate the enemy king. (It won't mat ter which.)b) First use one rook to prevent the kingfrom escaping in the opposite direction.c) Then use the rooks alternately to drivethe king to its death on the edge.1 dS2 l:tbS (D)Your h4-rook prevents the king's escapeand your b5-rook checks him and forces himbackwards.2 c6 (D)1 llh4 (D)We have decided to mate the king on hisown back line and your rook has moved toh4 to stop him escaping down the board.The next logical step in our method wouldbe to play 3 l:lh6 but this allows 3 . .' xb5.Not a good idea! Before you can play l:th6 you must first solve the problem of your b5rook.Move it!
13THE BASIC MATESYes, but where to?The rook must remain on the fifth rank,where he is stopping the king from comingback down the board. So, move him side ways as far away from the black king asyou can without getting in the way of yourother rook.3 .fl.gS (D)Now unfortunately 6 .fl.h8 allows Black toplay 6. xg7 so again your rooks need repo sitioning.6 lla77 .fl.b6 (D).t g8Problem solved! The rook is safe on g5and the other rook is ready to move forward.(Notice that if you had moved the rookfurther away from the king, to h5, your rookswould be on the same file getting in eachother's way and you would not be able toplay the rook from h4 to h6.)34 l:th6 .t d6Your rooks work as a team, one block ing the Icing's escape, the other checkingand driving him back.4.t e75 .fl.g7 (D)Your a7-rook is stopping the black king es caping from his back line so he is powerlessagainst your next move:8 l:tb8#
1464 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS4 Mate with Two BishopsThis is a lot easier than it looks!Your second step is to push the black kingbackwards.34 'ii?c4. e6The white king lends a helping hand inforcing the black king towards the edge ofthe board.45 .tdS6789.tes'ii?cS.td6.te6 (D) d6'iitd7 e7'it d7 d8Your first step is to place your two bishops side by side.1 .te42 .tcJ3 .td4 (D) e6'it d6Step one accomplished! The two bishopsstand proudly together side by side.The black king cannot cross the arroweddiagonals, nor can he advance and attack thebishops. He is trapped in a box consisting of12 squares.Step two accomplished. The two bishopsstill stand proudly side by side and your kinghas arrived to support them. The black kingis still unable to cross the arrowed diagonalsand now he is pinned to the edge of the board.Your third step is to drive the king into thecomer and checkmate him.910 'ii?c611 .tf7 (D) e8'ii?d8You drive the king into the comer by pre venting him from going the other way.
THE BASIC MATES1112 i.e713 b6 c8 b8Not 13 i.e6 rJi;a7. You must keep theking trapped on his back rank.13 J;cs14 i.e6 rJi;bS15 i.d6 rJi;aS16 i.dS# (D)Notice the movement of the bishopsfrom move five to move nine. They made azigzag pattern:15This is the key to the second step. The bish ops zigzag one square at a time up the boardwhilst their king gives support. Each time thebishops move up, the enemy king is confinedin a smaller and smaller space. Finally theking is driven to a comer and mated.Try for Yourself 1Set up this position and see if you can check mate the black king:(You'll find one way of doing it on page18.)
64 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS165 Mate with Bishop and KnightIt is very unlikely you will ever have to matewith bishop and knight in a real game, but ifyou do, these are the points to remember:a) You will checkmate the king in a cor ner. If you have a light-squared bishop youwill need to drive the king to hl or a8. Ifyour bishop is dark-squared then you willneed to drive the king to al or h8.b) All three of your pieces will need towork together, building a box to trap theking, stopping him from escaping and driv ing him into the comer.c) In order to make things as awkward aspossible, the enemy king will attempt to runaway into the opposite colour comer to yourbishop. This doesn't matter. Let him run!You will trap him in this comer and thendrive him across the board into the same col our comer as your bishop.88776655The black king is trapped in a triangle ofsquares.23 .i.c8 ri;a7You save your bishop and keep the kingtrapped.34 ! Je75 'it c7'it b8'it a7Now the black king's prison has been reduced to only two squares.'it a856 i.b7 'it a77 ! Jc6# (D)88776655.and now he has none at all!Try for Yourself 2In this position we are well on the way tocheckmate as the king is trapped in a box inthe light-coloured comer. Now as usual youmake the box smaller.1 'it d72 .i.a6 (D) b8Suppose instead of 1.ri;b8 Black had playedl.ri;a7. How do you force mate? (One an swer is on page 18.)Now you have seen the finishing stages wemust go back to the beginning! Take a lookat the position at the top of the next page.
17THE BASIC MATESThe black king has escaped to the wrongcomer. No problem! You simply drive himacross to aS.7 lDr7 8 .i.fS! g8Often you will have to make little movesthat don't actually threaten anything! Thisbishop leaves the black king with no choiceother than to go in the direction he does notwant to go.89 .i.h7!10 iDes (D)The white pieces are grouped togethera barrier in the centre of the board. Nowyou must try to drive the king to a comer.as1 cS2 dS 6 f7The black king heads for hS. If 2. g5,then 3 e5 g4 4 ifi f6 and you drive himwhere he doesn't want to go, hl.3 eS4 j;e6s j;f6 j;g7'iW8 g8If 5 . eS you play 6 rJ;g7 e7 7 .i.d5and the black king is already on his journeyto aS.6 iDeS h8 (D) f8 j;e88877665510 d8Try for Yourself 3Suppose Black had played lO. fS instead.Can you force checkmate from this position?(You will find the quickest solution on pagelS.)Now back to the play:11 e612 lDd713 i.d3! c7 c6Your bishop and knight keep the black kingtrapped in the comer.1314 i.bS15 lt)b616 lt)dS c7 d8 c7.t b7And you have reached the position westarted with on the previous page!
1864 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS6 Mate with Two Kn ightsYou needn't wony at all about how to forcemate with two knights. Because you can't!Here's why.Knights control squares, not lines. Unlikethe queen, the rook and the bishop, when ever knights move, they lose control overall the squares they were previously guard ing. While king and two knights can drivethe lone king near a corner, they cannot traphim in the corner itself without giving stale mate or allowing him to escape.There are possible checkmate positionswhen the king is at the edge of the board, butyour opponent has to make a really sillymistake to allow you to mate him. In fact, hecan only lose if he overlooks a mate in one!Look at this position:Try for Yourself Solutions1) Here is one way the game might end.Notice the zigzag route of the bishops:1 d2 d4 2 e2 e4 3 c2 d4 4i.d3 d5 5 i.e3 e5 6 c3 d5 7 i.d4 c6 8 i.c4 'it d6 9 'it b4 'it c6 10 i.c5 'it c711 i.d5 d7 12 b5 c7 13 i.c6 'it d8 14i.d6 'itc8 15 'itb6 d8We have completed step two of the methodand now we have to drive the king into thecorner. We want to be able to play i.e7 whenthe black king is on c8. This means 'wast ing' a move somewhere with the bishop.16 b4 'itc8 17 e7 b8 18 i.d7 a8Now because 19 i.d6 is stalemate wemust 'waste' another move.19 i.g5 b8 20 f4 a8 21 c6#88776655White can play 1 ltlf6 and if the blackking goes to h8 then 2 ltlf7# (D) is mate.2) It's mate in five: 1 'ita7 2 rJi;c7 'it a8 3ltle7 'it a7 4 ltlc8 'ita8 5 i.c6#. 3) 10 .'i&i f8 11 ltld7 'it e8 12 e6 'iitd8 13rJi;d6 rJi;e8 14 i.g6 'iitd8 15 ltlc5 'it c8 16i.f7!.White 'wastes' a move! If he plays 16 c6 straightaway, then 16 . .'it d8 17 ltlb7 e7 and the king escapes.16 .'it d8 17 ltlb7 'iitc8 18 rJi;c6 .887718 b8 19 'iitb6 'it c8 20 e6 'it b866White need only deliver the final blow.55Now there is no escape. 21 ltla5Or 21ltld8.21 . a8 22 i.c8 'it b8 23 i.a6But why should the black king go to h8when he can happily go to f8 and escape outinto the middle of the board?Another 'wasted' move since 23 b7?would be stalemate!23.'ita8 24 i.b7 Wb8 25 ltlc6#
2 Tactical Themes789101112131415Decoy and DeflectionDouble Attacks and ForksDiscovered AttacksThe PinThe SkewerInterference or Line-BlockingThe IntermezzoPerpetual CheckStalemateTry for Yourself Solutions20222426283032343638Tactics are fun! They are little tricks or traps - weapons which you can use to catch outyour opponent and win his pieces or even checkmate him. A string of moves that involve atactical theme is called a combination.Tactics are fun because there is a great sense of pleasure when you catch out an opponentwith something he hasn't seen.You will find tactical themes in the problems or puzzles published in books, newspapersand magazines. It is a good idea to try to solve them. You will get a sense of pleasure whenyou do so and the practice will give you great ideas that you can use in your own games.
2064 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS7 Decoy and DeflectionMikhail Botvinnik's game against Jose RaulCapablanca at the AVRO tournament of1938 is one of the most famous games inchess history - and mostly because of onemove.from where she needed to be. Capablanca' sking was left alone and defenceless. He hada few checks with his own queen but whenthese ran out he had to resign as he had nopieces with which to defend his king:s 'it'cl 6 f2 'ii'c2 7 'jjj gJ 'it'd3 8 h4 'ii'e4 9 xhS 'it'e2 10 h4 'it'e4 11g4 'it'e1 12 hS.and Capablanca resigned.You must always be on the lookout forways of luring pieces away from good de fensive squares.Botvinnik played the startling 1 .ta3!!and the game continued 1 .'ii'xa3 2 lbhS !(a second surprising sacrifice to expose theblack king) 2 gxh5 3 'it'gS 'iPf8 4 'ii'xf6 g8 5 e7 (D), reaching this position: .Botvinnik's bishop has lured the blackqueen away from her king. It deflected herIn this position Botvinnik, playing Whiteagainst Paul Keres at the Soviet team cham pionship in Moscow in 1966, realized if hecould play 'it'xh4 he would force mate on theh-file.The problem is that Black's queen on d8is defending h4.Question: How to get rid of the blackqueen?Answer: Deflect her, force her away fromthe defence of the h4-pawn!1 llb8!! (D)
TACTICA L THEMES211 \1Vd3 !! 2 lbd3 lDel# (D).8abcde7886775664553442332The black queen is attacked so she can'tstay where she is and she will be gobbledup by a white minor piece if she goes to e7,f6 or g5. l .'ifxb8 allows 2 'ifxh4 so Keresresigned.In the position below Lustrov, playingBlack against Ivanovsky in Moscow in1972, realized the white king is not as safeas he seems.Try for Yourself 4When you see that a powerful move is pre vented by a defender, find a way of dealingwith that defender. Ludolf did just that asWhite in his game with Kots in Leningrad1962.876432Indeed if he could get rid of the rook ond 1, .lbe1 would be mate.A sacrifice is needed to deflect the whiterook:The first step is to work out where youwould like White's queen to be. Then youshould look for the move that will help youget her there.(The solution is on page 38.)
2264 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS8 Double Attacks and ForksYou should always be on the lookout forloose pieces in the enemy camp. Paul Morphy,the great American champion of the 19thcentury, was quick to spot his chance againstMongredien in Paris in 1859:This is a position from a game betweenEngels and Stantic at Nova Gorica 2000.Black surprised his opponent by playingl :xa7!.Why? A rook is worth more than a bishop,and surely White can capture the rook with 2"iixa7?Yes, but then he is hit by Black's reply2 i.c5 ! (D).The black rook on e8 and the bishop on a5are both loose so Morphy forked them verysimply with 1 "iia4! (D).A fork or double attack! Both White'sking and his queen are under attack. What ever White plays, he will lose his queen.Queens are useful pieces for making dou ble attacks as they hit in several directions atlong range. .
23TACTICAL THEMESKnights are also good forking pieces.They can hit in all directions at seeminglyunconnected squares. Their awkward crab like move means that a knight fork oftencomes as a surprise - often as the sting inthe tail of a combination.The next position, from a game playedby correspondence between Karafaieth andIGiesch in 1973, is a good example of theknight appearing from nowhere to hit twoapparently unconnected squares:.but now comes the sting: 3 'ii'xel ! 4l:txel lLlf2 (D) and Black regains the queen .and remains a piece ahead.You should always be on the lookout fortarget orforking squares, especially when yourknight is aggressively placed.gTry for Yourself 5In the game Nemet vs Giertz at Basle 2000White spotted a target square for a knightfork:Black played l .l:txe5!. Why? After 2dxeS 'ifxf2 3 hl (D) the king has runaway into the comer and White seems tohave survived.Can you spot the target square and workout the sequence of moves which won mate rial for Nemet?(The answer is on page 38.)
2464 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS9 Discovered AttacksWhat do you notice about the position of thetwo queens in the game Timman vs Anders son at Tilburg 1984?Andersson resigned because he will losequeen for rook.Discovering an attack and particularlydiscovering check allows a piece to venturewhere it would not normally dare to go. Thewell-known Petroff Defence opening trap isa good example:1 e4 e5 2 tl:)f3 lbf6 3 lbxe5 ti:)xe4?! 4 'ifelti:)f6?Now any move by the white knight willopen the line from the white queen on e2 tothe black king on e8 - it will discover check.Question: where should the white knightgo?Answer: where it can do most damage!5 ti:)c6 ! (D)Both queens are on the same diagonal.Both queens are undefended.Only the white rook stands between them.When White moves his rook, the diagonalwill be open, so:1 :0 !! (D)Yes, the rook is en prisebut so is theblack queen! The rook move has discoveredan attack by White's queen on Black's queen.Yes, the knight is en prise but Black has toget out of check. He doesn't have time totake the knight and he will lose his queennext move.You must always be on the lookout for thechance of opening the line of attack for aqueen, a rook or a bishop.The next position could have arisen in agame Lein vs Polugaevsky at the Soviet
TACI'ICA L THEMESChampionship in Tbilisi in 1966n, ifPolu gaevsky had not resigned first:White has sacrificed a rook. Why?Because he realized that if his knightdisappeared from g6 he could deliver mateby fixg7#.Lein's idea was based on two tacticalthemes:l ltle7 !! (D)There's a lot going on in this position!25The knight move has discovered the threatof 2 fixg7#.The knight move is also check and a doubleattack - it is forking Black's king and queen.If Black plays l .l:txe7 he seems to solveboth problems. He's captured the knight andfrom e7 his rook is guarding g7 against themate threat.However, Black has a third problem! Hisrook is needed on e8 to defend his queen. Thefact that it must take the white knight deflectsit from this vital function: l .l':.xe7 allows 2flxc8 h7 3 'ilxb8.Try for Yourself 6This position is from the game Bonch-Osmo lovsky vs Ragozin at Lvov 1951.Which of Black's pieces could be in dangeron the same line as a white piece? Whichpiece does White need to move to discover anattack? Where should the piece go to causemost damage?(Answer on page 38.)
2664 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS1 0 The PinIn this position the black rook on e5 standsproudly in the middle of the board. Can yousee why it might be in trouble?abcdeghThe rook stands on the same diagonal asits king. After 1 'it'd4 it is pinned to the spot.It is unable to move because the king wouldbe in check if it did. Black can defend withl llae8 but then White will simply hit therook with his pawn and there is no escape: 2f4 (D).that when a piece is pinned it loses its powerto defend. In the game Chemiaev vs Beshu kov at Hastings 1999/00. White's castledposition looks sound .but when we look closer we see that thepawn on f2 is pinned to its king by the blackqueen. The pawn should be defending g3.But it isn't! Black can play l lL!g3! (D)forking queen and rook.876532As well as looking for ways to attack andto win pinned pieces, you should rememberIn both of the positions we have justseen, the pinned piece simply was not ableto move.
27TACTICA L THEMESIn the next example the pinned piececan move - and this makes a big differ ence!No doubt Ivashin, playing Black againstShamkovich at Gorky in 1946, thought thatWhite could not move his f3-knight.lvashin tried 1 ltlxd5 2 'ii'xg4 f6 3 i.xf6before resigning. . This idea for breaking the pin came from agame by the French master Sire de Legallplayed in 1787: 1 e4 e5 2 ltlf3 d6 3 i.c4 i.g44 ltlc3 g6? and Black was mated by 5 ltlxeS!i.xd1 6 i.xf7 e7 7 ltld5#.You must remember that a pin is only a to tal pin when a piece is pinned against its king.Then it cannot move. If a piece is pinnedagainst another piece then it can move even ifit is usually not safe to do so.Try for Yourself 7He was wrong! The knight can moveand 1 ltlxe5 wins a piece since 1.i.xd 1 2ltlf6 gxf6 3 i.xf7# (D) is mate.Finding the pin for White in this positionfrom Brundtrup vs Budrich in Berlin 1954 isnot too difficult, but winning is not quite aseasy as that! You are going to have to look abit further to find out how White wins.(The solution is on page 38.)
64 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW IN CHESS281 1 The SkewerTan, playing Black against Mecking in the1973 Petropolis Interzonal, was possiblyquite happy with this position.But then 1 i.xf7 ! put an end to any stateof happiness! Tan had no choice: he had torecapture with l xf7, whereupon he wassaddened further by the second sacrifice 2.:txc7 ! (D). . Tan's king and queen are forked so againhe has no choic
As the pawn has no symbol, the first of our five steps is left out when we write a pawn move. If White advances the pawn in front of his queen, the move is written sim ply as c4. When a pawn makes a capture, the file of departure is also given. Thus if White moved his f-pawn forward and Black then captured
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1. LIVING THINGS AND NON LIVING THINGS. In this unit we are going to study “LIFE”. Biolo. gy is the study of livin. g things. Consider what this means for a minute or two. Think about the different kinds of living things you know. The study of living things teaches us that, in life, there is a great diversity, but also a great unit. All .
best things.”—Adrian Rogers Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are noble, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any virtue and if there is anythin
Meditate on These Things 8 Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are noble, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any virtue and if there is anything
''Finally, brethren, whatsoever· things are true, wt1atsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are love/JJ, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, . Jhink on these things''
Finally, Brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are purer whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. We solicit, dear
Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. T
My brethren, these things ought not so to be.” Philippians 4:8, “Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if ther
