ArcGIS Enterprise: Architecting Your Deployment
ArcGIS Enterprise: Architecting Your DeploymentArcGIS EnterpriseLATEST UPDATE: OCTOBER 20191
Highlights in this version (October 2019 update): Added Notebook Server and deployment strategiesRevised GeoAnalytics Server section to include supported site sizesAdded newly supported analysis output storage options forGeoAnalytics ServerAdded option to designate an image hosting serverAdded detail to section outlining the functionality of an ArcGISEnterprise base deploymentAdded that ArcGIS Monitor is now generally availableAdded shared instances information for ArcGIS Server 10.7 Added scope for the spatiotemporal big data store to include Trackerfor ArcGIS and moreAdded section for Additional Deployment Patterns andConsiderationsVarious updates and edits2
Assumptions and prerequisitesThis document assumes you are, or work as, a System Architect or an ITAdministrator and that you are responsible for architecting and/or installingArcGIS Enterprise software for your organization.Before You BeginBefore architecting an ArcGIS Enterprise deployment, you should have abasic understanding of what ArcGIS Enterprise is—the overall capabilities ofthe software as well as the software components themselves.All the software components that make up ArcGIS Enterprise existed inprevious generations (pre-10.5) of the software. Any familiarity you have inworking with these components (installing, configuring, etc.) should help youunderstand how to architect ArcGIS Enterprise. However, be aware that somebest practices and recommended architectural patterns change over time. Itis important that you always refer to the latest version of the helpdocumentation for updates, deprecations, and other changes regarding thesoftware.3
Architecting your deploymentThere are many considerations to make when preparing to deploy ArcGISEnterprise. A successful and efficient ArcGIS Enterprise deployment has anarchitecture that has been designed with considerations for: The capabilities your organization requires.How you anticipate your organization will utilize ArcGIS Enterprise.The number and type of users you expect for your deployment.Clear expectations around service-level agreement (SLA)requirements.These considerations should be reviewed and revisited at each phase ofplanning your deployment, from initiation to scaling for growth. Though itmay seem like a daunting task, don't panic.This document is designed to guide your decision-making and expand yourproduct knowledge so that you can design and build the best possibleArcGIS Enterprise deployment for your organization.4
ArcGIS Enterprise introductionBefore diving into the architecture, it is helpful to understand whatcapabilities ArcGIS Enterprise provides and the value it can bring to yourorganization.For more information, resources,and customer stories, visitesri.com/enterprise.ArcGIS Enterprise is your foundational GIS, providing data management,mapping and visualization, and analysis capabilities—from the simple to thecomplex. With ArcGIS Enterprise, you can create, edit, and share your data,and, as desired, make it available to any device, anywhere, at any time.ArcGIS Enterprise runs on your infrastructure, whether in the cloud or onpremises, and can be deployed to support high availability and disasterrecovery.Each deployment begins with what is called an ArcGIS Enterprise basedeployment and can expand modularly to meet additional organizationalneeds. This may include support for imagery, real-time, big data, or datascience workflows—the choice is yours.5
Software components of ArcGIS EnterpriseArcGIS Enterprise is comprised of four software components:Portal for ArcGIS: The component that powers the ArcGIS Enterprise portal,the front-end interface where users create, manage, organize, and sharemaps, apps, data, and information.ArcGIS Server: The engine that powers your GIS services and processes userrequests such as zooming into a map, finding a location, running an analysistool, etc. ArcGIS Server can also be licensed to unlock additional capabilitiesfor imagery, big data, real-time data, and more.ArcGIS Data Store: A data repository, fully managed by ArcGIS, that providesstorage for hosted layers and 3D scene caches. There are three types ofArcGIS Data Store: relational, tile cache, and spatiotemporal.ArcGIS Web Adaptor: An Esri built software load balancer that appropriatelydirects network traffic, serves as a reverse proxy, and enables web-tierauthentication such as IWA and PKI.ArcGIS Data Store (relational)The relational data store is not areplacement for or in competition withenterprise geodatabases that youhave configured and administer(RDBMSs such as SQL Server, Oracle,or PostgreSQL.) Enterprisegeodatabases provide a level ofcontrol and wealth of functionality thatis not exposed with ArcGIS Data Store.For more information, visit thisresource: Data in ArcGIS: UserManaged and ArcGIS Managed6
Server capabilitiesYou can extend ArcGIS Enterprise beyond a base deployment to includecapabilities geared towards specific workflows, like big data, data science,real-time tracking, and more. As of ArcGIS Enterprise 10.7.1, five servercapabilities are available:-GIS Server: licensed on top of ArcGIS Server (always part of a baseArcGIS Enterprise deployment)Image Server: licensed on top of ArcGIS ServerGeoEvent Server: licensed on top of ArcGIS Server GeoEvent ServersetupGeoAnalytics Server: licensed on top of ArcGIS ServerNotebook Server: licensed on top of ArcGIS Notebook Server setupThis document will include architectural considerations for GIS Server, ImageServer, GeoEvent Server, GeoAnalytics Server, and Notebook Server.7
The base ArcGIS Enterprise deploymentThe base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment — or, simply, base deployment — isthe minimum software configuration needed to run ArcGIS Enterprise. Thebase deployment consists of the following software components: Portal for ArcGISArcGIS Server, which has been licensed as a GIS Server, federated withPortal for ArcGIS, and designated as the hosting serverTwo ArcGIS Web Adaptors: one for ArcGIS Server and one for Portalfor ArcGISArcGIS Data Store configured as the relational and tile cache types andregistered as the managed data store with ArcGIS ServerLogical architecture of the base deploymentBase Deployment ConfigurationThe base deployment can beconfigured in one of two ways: With all components on a singlemachine as an all-in-onedeployment. With the components installed onmultiple machines as a multi-tierdeployment.8
Functionality of the base deploymentA base deployment of ArcGIS Enterprise provides many capabilities,including the ability to: Map, visualize, and spatially analyze data in a browser.Manage, organize, tag, and categorize all your organization’s content.Publish map services, feature services, and geoprocessing services,with content referencing a user managed data source, such as anenterprise geodatabase or file-based data (file geodatabases,shapefiles, etc.).Leverage hosted layers to do self-service mapping and analysis.Share and collaborate on data, maps, and apps with members of yourorganization, as well as other ArcGIS Enterprise deployments andArcGIS Online.Build and tailor websites and pages using ArcGIS Enterprise Sites toprovide users a customized gateway to access data, maps, and apps.Tell your story through customized applications built using Story Maps,Web AppBuilder, and other configurable web application templates.Use GIS services in custom apps that you build using the ArcGIS APIfor JavaScript and ArcGIS Runtime SDKs.Access and utilize a rich collection of Esri provided data from the LivingAtlas.9
Migrating from ArcGIS Server to ArcGIS EnterpriseIf you are an existing ArcGIS Server deployment ready to migrate to ArcGISEnterprise, you will need to upgrade your ArcGIS Server and ArcGIS WebAdaptor before adding the remaining components required for an ArcGISEnterprise base deployment.Base deployment configuration — quick steps1.2.3.4.Acquire SSL certificates and configure HTTPS for your web server.Install, license, and configure ArcGIS Server.Install, license, and configure Portal for ArcGIS.Configure the web adaptors (one for ArcGIS Server and one for Portalfor ArcGIS).5. Install and configure ArcGIS Data Store and register it with ArcGISServer.6. Federate ArcGIS Server with Portal for ArcGIS and designate it as thehosting server.When possible, use automationtools to make your install and setupeasier. To install an ArcGISEnterprise base deployment on asingle machine, you can useArcGIS Enterprise Builder toquickly get up and running.Beginning at 10.6, ArcGISEnterprise Builder can also be usedto upgrade deployments installedusing Builder.For reference: Tutorial: Set up a base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment10
Choosing a pattern for your base deploymentAn ArcGIS Enterprise base deployment can be configured with allcomponents on a single machine in what's known as a single-machine or allin-one deployment pattern.Alternatively, you can separate the components onto different machines in amulti-tier deployment pattern. These two patterns provide the samefunctionality; however, the multi-tier deployment is better suited tosupporting ArcGIS Enterprise deployments that are larger and/or distributed.See also Architecting the ArcGISPlatform: Best Practices forguidance on workload separationand additional architecture advice.There are three tiers to consider when deciding which pattern will be the bestfoundation for ArcGIS Enterprise in your organization: the app tier (Portal forArcGIS), the server tier (ArcGIS Server), and the data tier (ArcGIS Data Store).Each of these tiers roughly aligns to a component of ArcGIS Enterprise. Foreach tier, you should think about anticipated usage, load, SLA expectations,and any policy or requirement that would influence the number of machinesyou should use in your base deployment.11
Scaling the base deploymentScaling your ArcGIS Enterprise portalYou may need to scale out the web tier of your base deployment (the Portalfor ArcGIS software component). Instead of adding new machines to handlethe anticipated load on the portal, it is recommended that you add resources(CPU and/or RAM) to the existing machine. Using multiple machines to runPortal for ArcGIS is reserved for setting up a highly available deployment, inwhich case two machines are advised — a primary machine and a secondarymachine to prevent a single point of failure.Whether or not you create a highly available deployment, you should monitorCPU and memory usage on your machine running Portal for ArcGIS to seeif/when you need to add resources.12
Scaling your Hosting ServerThe hosting server site is an ArcGIS Server site that has been licensed as a GISServer, federated with your ArcGIS Enterprise portal, and designated as yourhosting server. Your hosting server site—whether it is made up of one or manymachines—is what powers your base deployment. It allows your users topublish hosted layers and perform spatial analysis.When it comes time to scale the hosting server site, you can either: Add more resources to existing machines: Or, add more machines to the site:Some organizations choose to use the hosting server site as both a hostingserver and a traditional GIS Server. If you choose to use your hosting server asa double-duty server, monitoring CPU and memory usage becomes evenmore important, and you may need to scale your server site sooner.To more closely track systemperformance, health, and monitorfor bottlenecks, consider usingEsri’s ArcGIS Monitor.It is advisable that you implement workload separation and maintain oneserver site to serve as the hosting server and set up one or more other serversites to handle other GIS workflows.13
Factors that may cause you to need to scale your hosting server site (even ifyou are using workload separation) include the following:--Your users are making heavy use of the built-in analysis tools within theArcGIS Enterprise portal or spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS Pro that arepowered by your hosting server.You have a large number of Insights for ArcGIS users, as Insights forArcGIS will leverage your base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment.Scaling the ArcGIS Data StoreThe ArcGIS Data Store component can be configured as three types: Relational: Used for storing hosted feature layer data (created bychoice, such as when publishing from ArcGIS Pro, or by default whencopying data when publishing from ArcGIS Pro, uploading a CSV tothe Enterprise portal and publishing a layer, the result of spatialanalysis in the portal, and other workflows).Tile Cache: Used for storing the 3D tile caches that power hostedscene layers for 3D visualization.Spatiotemporal Big Data Store: Used for storing large volumes ofrecords streamed using GeoEvent Server, locations recorded throughTracker for ArcGIS, analysis results from GeoAnalytics Server tools.Only two of these, the relational and tile cache data stores, are used in thebase deployment. It is important to note that all ArcGIS Data Store types(relational, tile cache, and spatiotemporal) are always registered with thehosting server site of the base deployment.14
The relational and tile cache data stores can be scaled by adding resources toexisting data store machines (scaling vertically). Like the other softwarecomponents of the base deployment, it is important to monitor ArcGIS DataStore infrastructure—in particular, CPU, memory, disk space, and disk I/O.Deployment scenarios that may require scaling the relational and tile cacheArcGIS Data Store include the following: Many users requesting data concurrently from many different hostedservices may cause disk I/O to become a bottleneck. Adding memoryis often helpful because it allows the data store to more efficientlycache heavily used data and avoid continuously reading the data fromdisk.Many concurrent requests to hosted services. In this scenario you maysee CPU usage become a bottleneck.Use of Insights for ArcGIS. This will consume data tier resources formany operations to boost performance.Note: ArcGIS Data Store in versionsprior to 10.5.1 did not alwayshandle out-of-disk-spaceconditions gracefully. If using apre-10.5.1 version of the software,be sure to carefully monitor thedisk space on the machine andvolume where your relational datastore is running.The spatiotemporal big data store is not required for an ArcGIS Enterprisebase deployment. It is designed to store large volumes of tabular and vectordata and is specific to deployments using GeoAnalytics Server, GeoEventServer, and Tracker for ArcGIS. It is typically recommended to install thespatiotemporal big data store on separate infrastructure than that used foryour base deployment. More on the spatiotemporal big data store will becovered in later sections.15
Expanding beyond the base deploymentSo far, this document has focused on the ArcGIS Enterprise basedeployment, but there are multiple reasons and ways to expand beyond thebase deployment.Adding GIS Server sites can provide workload separation by isolating thehosting server from traditional GIS Server duties. When considering workloadseparation, equally important to isolating the hosting server is separating outthe GIS Server instances to support specific high-demand functionality orservices—for example, mapping/visualization and heavyweight services suchas geoprocessing services.Besides adding GIS Server sites, you can expand the base deployment byadding server capabilities, such as Image Server, GeoEvent Server,GeoAnalytics Server, and Notebook Server.Good to know You can have any number offederated ArcGIS Server siteswithin your ArcGIS Enterprisedeployment. Different server roles havedifferent recommendations andrestrictions. For example, youcan have up to three machinesin your GeoAnalytics Server site,but you can only have one sitedesignated for GeoAnalytics.16
Adding GIS Server sites to your deploymentYou already have a GIS Server site as part of the base deployment—it is actingas your hosting server site, which can be made up of one or more machines.However, depending on your deployment and usage scenario, you may needadditional sites to achieve optimal performance. You can add as many sitesas make sense for your deployment, per workload separationrecommendations.Types of workload/services that typically benefit from having a separate siteinclude the following: Highly used dynamic map servicesHeavyweight geoprocessing servicesCPU-intensive routing servicesMission-critical services that have different SLAs than other servicesThe following is a sample logical architecture for an ArcGIS Enterprisedeployment with multiple GIS Server sites.17
Adding Image Server to your deploymentArcGIS Image Server provides two distinct capabilities: Dynamic image services from your own mosaic datasetsRaster analyticsDynamic image services allow you to serve large collections of imagery andrasters with dynamic mosaicking and on-the-fly image processing. WhenImage Server is used for publishing and serving dynamic image services, youcan have any number of Image Server sites.Starting at 10.6.1, you can choose to designate a site as an image hostingserver site, which hosts your image services and results of raster analytics. If animage hosting server is not defined, the results of raster analytics will bepublished on your raster analytics server. At 10.7.1 and up, to publish imagelayers from data store items, you will need an image hosting server site.Raster analytics enables deep learning raster analysis and provides the abilityto perform distributed processing and analysis of image and raster datasets.You can choose to have a separate site for raster analytics (recommended) oruse one site for both dynamic image services and raster analytics.18
Here is an example of an architecture that includes separate sites – one forthe image hosting site, one for raster analysis, and one for serving dynamicimage services:Good to knowYou can only have one server sitedesignated for raster analytics andone server site designated as yourimage hosting server.19
Adding GeoAnalytics Server to your deploymentArcGIS GeoAnalytics Server brings big data analytics to your organization. Itcomes with a distributed computing framework that can quickly process andanalyze large volumes of vector and tabular data.Within your ArcGIS Enterprise deployment, you can have only one sitedesignated as the GeoAnalytics Server site. To unlock GeoAnalytics Servercapabilties, you will need to license ArcGIS Server as GeoAnalytics Server.Designate your GeoAnalytics Server site in the Enterprise portal.You will need to configure one or more machines with the spatiotemporal bigdata store, registered with your hosting server site to use GeoAnalyticsServer. You can use the spatiotemporal big data store as the output of youranalysis tools, and you can register other data sources such as HDFS, Hive,cloud storage, and folders as the output.If you are using the spatiotemporal big data store to store your output, youshould have an equal or greater number of machines running thespatiotemporal big data store as you have number of machines runningGeoAnalytics Server.Good to knowWhen sizing your spatiotemporalbig data store, you will want amachine with at least 16 GB ofmemory.Keep in mind that thespatiotemporal big data store canuse 50% or more of availablememory even when idle.Note that there are two supported site sizes for GeoAnalytics Server: One machine running GeoAnalytics ServerThree machines running GeoAnalytics ServerConfigurations outside of these are not supported. For more information,reference the Best practices for GeoAnalytics Server sites help topic.20
When thinking about sizing and scaling GeoAnalytics, there are manyvariables to consider that may impact system performance: Type of data input and output — File-based, hosted feature layers, bigdata
For reference: Tutorial: Set up a base ArcGIS Enterprise deployment When possible, use automation tools to make your install and setup easier. To install an ArcGIS Enterprise base deployment on a single machine, you can use ArcGIS Enterprise Builder to quickly get up and running. Beginning at 10.6, ArcGIS
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ArcGIS Enterprise runs on your infrastructure, whether in the cloud or on premises, and can be deployed to support high availability and disaster recovery. Each deployment begins with what is called an ArcGIS Enterprise base deployment and can expand modularly to meet additional organizational needs.
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