Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulation
TRADE OFIndustrial InsulationPHASE 2Module 2Geometry & Pattern DevelopmentUNIT: 12Eccentric Reducer –Radial Line & Triangulation
Produced byIn cooperation with subject matter expert:Michael Kelly SOLAS 2014
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationTable of ContentsUnit Objective . 1Introduction . 21.0Eccentric Reducer – Radial line Development . 31.1Concentric and Eccentric Reducers – Definition .31.2Applications of an Eccentric Reducer .41.3Geometry of Right Cones and Eccentric or Oblique Cones .41.4Application of BS 8888:2004 Drawing Standards .42.0Developing an Eccentric Reducer . 52.1Developing an Eccentric (Flat Back) Reducer /Oblique Cone Usingthe Radial Line Method .52.2Developing an Offset Round Taper Using the Triangulation Method62.3True Length Lines .73.0Fabricating an Eccentric Reducer . 83.1Swage Allowances .83.2Assembly Hole Location.83.3Design of Joint Location for Manufacture .83.4Communication through engineering Drawings .8Summary . 10Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 2014
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationUnit ObjectiveBy the end of this unit each apprentice will be able to: Identify the characteristics of an eccentric reducer. Identify the geometrical differences between right cones and eccentricor oblique cones. Accurately develop patterns for an eccentric cone using both radial lineprojection and triangulation.Module 2Geometry &PatternDevelopmentUnit 1BasicConstructionUnit 2OrthographicProjectionsUnit 3Parallel LineDevelopmentUnit4Equal andUnequal TeePiecesUnit 5Cones andPyramidsUnit 6One PiecePyramidUnit7SegmentedRadius BendsUnit 8TriangulationUnit 9Tapered orConical TeeUnit 10Flattened Bendsand StraightsUnit 11Valves andFlangesUnit 12EccentricReducer - RadialLine andTriangulationIndustrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20141
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationIntroductionAn Eccentric reducer is a conical shaped fitting that enlarges or reduces thediameter however it is not symmetrical about the centreline. Eccentric reducersare used in pipe-work systems to reduce the diameter of a pipe from one size toa smaller or larger size. In metal work eccentric reducers are also used to reduceor enlarge the diameter of ventilation ductwork. Eccentric reducers are knownas reducers which are flat on one side and are generally used where ductwork isinstalled onto a flat surface, for example, onto a wall or tight to a ceiling slab.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20142
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulation1.0 Eccentric Reducer – Radial lineDevelopmentKey Learning Points Identification and characteristics of an eccentric reducer Applications of eccentric reducers Comparison of the geometry of right cones and eccentric or obliquecones Application of BS 8888:2004 drawing standards Identification of the need for true lengths1.1 Concentric and Eccentric Reducers –DefinitionConcentric reducers are a symmetrical, conical shaped fitting that enlarges orreduces a diameter equally about a centreline.An Eccentric reducer is a conical shaped fitting that enlarges or reduces thediameter; however it is not symmetrical about the centreline.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20143
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulation1.2 Applications of an Eccentric ReducerEccentric reducers are used in pipe-work systems to reduce the diameter of apipe from one size to a smaller or larger size.In metal work eccentric reducers are also used to reduce or enlarge thediameter of ventilation ductwork. Eccentric reducers are known as reducerswhich are flat on one side and are generally used where ductwork is installedonto a flat surface, for example, onto a wall or tight to a ceiling slab.In cladding work eccentric reducers are sometimes used where one pipebranches into another or as flashing pieces.1.3 Geometry of Right Cones and Eccentric orOblique ConesA right cone has its apex directly above the centre of its base and forms a 90ºangle with the base.An eccentric or oblique cone has its apex away from the centre of its base anddoes not form an angle of 90º.When developing or fabricating a concentric or eccentric reducer we always putthe joint on the shortest side of the pattern unless otherwise stated on thedrawing.1.4 Application of BS 8888:2004 DrawingStandardsBecause of the small scale used in most drawings, standard graphic symbols areused to present complete information concerning construction items andmaterials. These typical symbols are used so frequently in constructiondrawings that their meanings must be familiar not only to the draughts person,but to the user or fabricator as well.Refer to module 2 – unit 1 and unit 2.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20144
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulation2.0 Developing an Eccentric ReducerKey Learning Points Plan and elevation layout. Determination of true lengths Pattern development of eccentric and oblique cones using radial line Pattern development of eccentric and oblique cones usingtriangulation2.1 Developing an Eccentric (Flat Back)Reducer /Oblique Cone Using the RadialLine MethodFigure I – Elevation.Figure II – Half a development with the seam on the line Gg.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20145
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationIn figure I first draw the outline of the given cone agGa and find the vertex Sby extending the two side lines Gg and Aa. Now draw a semicircle on the baseline AG and divide it into 6 equal parts. Draw arcs with centre 1 and radiidistances 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, etc. intersecting the base line AG at points B toF. The connecting lines BS, cS, etc. In their turn intersect the smaller diameterof the cone ag at points b to f. The generating lines Bb, Cc, etc. correspond totheir true lengths.For the development in figure II first determine a starter line at random; here itis shown as SO. Now draw arcs with centres at S and radii SA, SB etc. The arcwith radius SG intersects the previously drawn starter line SO at point G. Withthe centre at G and radius 1 to 2 (1/12 of the circumference) in figure I drawanother arc intersecting the arc with centre at S and radius SF at point F. Withthe centre at F and radius 1 to 2 again draw an arc intersecting the arc withcentre at S and radius SE at point E. Proceed thus until all points up to A arefound, and connect points A to G. This connecting line is half thecircumference for the base of the cone. Now connect points A to F with S, andon these lines from points to G lay off the respective generating lines a, Bb, etc.It is important to make sure to check this curved length AG as not to do somay result in a diameter that is either too big or too small. The same should bedone with the curved length ag for the small diameter of the cone.2.2 Developing an Offset Round Taper Usingthe Triangulation MethodThe plan and elevation of an offsetting round taper are shown above. The firststep in developing the pattern is to determine the measuring lines on the planview. This is done by dividing both circles into 12 equal parts. This procedureis very similar to date in parallel line development. After the circles are dividedinto equal parts, the measuring lines are drawn as shown. The first triangleformed is 8-9-1.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20146
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationAfter the plan view is drawn, the measuring lines located, and the true lengthsfound, the pattern can be started. This is done by drawing a line and markingthe true length line 8-1 on it. This gives two known points from which tomeasure. Next, locate point 9 by taking the distance 8-9 from the plan view andswinging it from point 8. Next take the true length of line 1-9 from the truelength triangle. Then swing it from point 1. The intersection of these two arcsgives point 9.Point 2 is located next by measuring from points 1 and 9. After 2 is found, then10 is located by measuring from 2 and 9. After 10 is found, then 3 is located bymeasuring from points 2 and 10. Points 11, 4, 12, 5, 13, 6, 14, and 7 are foundin the same manner and in the order given. If the plan view is thought of as aroad map and the measuring lines are followed, there should be little trouble infinishing the pattern. Use care when taking measurements.2.3 True Length LinesThe apprentice will come across true lengths and false lengths many timesduring their career. It is important to recognise the difference. To obtain thetrue length of any line, place the plan length against the vertical height at rightangles and measure the diagonals. If a line has a plan length but no verticalheight, then the true length is the plan length, taken from the plan. If a line hasa vertical height but no plan length then its’ true length is taken from theelevation.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20147
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulation3.0 Fabricating an Eccentric ReducerKey Learning Points Allocation of swage allowances Design of joint location for manufacture. Assembly hole locationand lap allowances. Communication through drawings and sketches.3.1 Swage AllowancesOnce the development or pattern has been marked out on metal, allowancesmust be added to the outside of the pattern for joints, seams, swages etc.Depending on the type of joint or seam, the correct amount of material mustbe added onto the pattern before it is cut out.Refer to module 1 – unit 5 – General allowances for insulation andcladding.3.2 Assembly Hole LocationRefer to module 1 – unit 6 – Marking, Cutting, Punching, Rolling, Seamswaging and Screwing.3.3 Design of Joint Location for ManufactureWhen we develop patterns, we generally keep the joint on the shortest sideunless otherwise stated on the drawings. The joint location on a fitting shouldbe designed for the location in which it will be installed. Joint location is veryimportant when cladding is installed on exposed pipe work as the ingress ofwater through the joints will result in damage to the insulation underneath.From an appearance point of view, it is always best to keep the joints out ofview or hidden if possible. The overall appearance of a job may rest on thelocation of joints and how the job is assembled. A lot of thought and planningis required before starting to manufacture cladding pipe work and fittings.3.4 Communication through engineeringDrawingsAn engineering drawing is a graphical language or an international language,and is one of the main forms of communication in the workshop or on site. Inoral or written communication were the only means of communication whendealing with technical matters, misunderstandings could arise, particularly inrelation to shape and size which could have serious implications for a company.Jobs fabricated and installed incorrectly could lead to wasted time andmaterials, loss of profits, bad customer relations, breach of contract andlitigation. However, the universally accepted methods used in graphicalcommunication through engineering drawings helps to eliminate many of thedifficulties mentioned above by proper representation and layout of the jobwith all the details and information shown on the drawings. Mistakes can stillIndustrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20148
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & Triangulationbe made, however, they are vastly reduced by good engineering drawingpractice.To ensure uniformity of interpretation the British Standards Institution haveproduced a booklet entitled BS 8888: 2004.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 20149
Module 2– Unit 12Eccentric Reducer – Radial Line & TriangulationSummaryAn Eccentric reducer is a conical shaped fitting that enlarges or reduces thediameter however it is not symmetrical about the centreline.Eccentric reducers can be developed using both the radial line method or thetriangulation method of pattern development. A clear understanding of both ofthese methods of development is required before attempting to develop suchfittings.When we develop patterns, we generally keep the joint on the shortest sideunless otherwise stated on the drawings. The joint location on a fitting shouldbe designed for the location in which it will be installed. Joint location is veryimportant when cladding is installed on exposed pipe work as the ingress ofwater through the joints will result in damage to the insulation underneath.From an appearance point of view, it is always best to keep the joints out ofview or hidden if possible. The overall appearance of a job may rest on thelocation of joints and how the job is assembled. A lot of thought and planningis required before starting to manufacture cladding pipe work and fittings.An engineering drawing is a graphical language or an international language,and is one of the main forms of communication in the workshop or on site. Inoral or written communication were the only means of communication whendealing with technical matters, misunderstandings could arise, particularly inrelation to shape and size which could have serious implications for a company.Industrial Insulation Phase 2Revision 2.0, August 201410
Castleforbes HouseCastleforbes RoadDublin 1
Eccentric reducers are used in pipe-work systems to reduce the diameter of a pipe from one size to a smaller or larger size. In metal work eccentric reducers are also used to reduce or enlarge the diameter of ventilation ductwork. Eccentric reducers are known as reducers which are flat on on
302187 5 ml Central cone 0.2 ml 100 400 302188 10 ml Eccentric cone 0.5 ml 100 400 301183 20 ml Eccentric cone 1 ml 60 240 300613 20 ml Eccentric cone 1 ml 120 480 301231 30 ml Eccentric cone 1 ml 60 240 300866 50/ 60 ml Eccentric cone 1 ml 60 240 3
aforementioned model. Thus, the Triangulation Algorithmic Model is provided and defined to aid in understanding the process of measurement instrument construction and research design. The Triangulation Algorithmic Model for the Tri-Squared Test The Algorithmic Model of Triangulation is of the form (Figure 2). Where,
When ordering a Planetgear 7000 reducer with a backstop, indicate the reducer rotation as clockwise or counter-clockwise when looking to-wards the reducer from the low speed end. Note: consult factory if using a backstop in an application that has an input speed of 400 RPM or less. INTRODUCTION
DUCT SC Corrugated Single Wall Round Spiral Duct SN - Noncorrugated Single Wall Round Spiral Duct ELBOWS E 1.5 Radius Elbow Stamped Or With 3 - 5 Gores ER 1.0 Radius Elbow Stamped Or With 3 - 4 Gores REDUCERS RC Reducer Concentric Male RCF Reducer Concentric Female RE Reducer Ecentric Male REF Reducer Ecentric Female END CAPS ED .
baruffaldi vdi-50 axial radial radial set-back radial adjustable saw-mill axial offset axial speeder axial reducer x3 axial reducer x5 code bf.000.50 bf.010.50 bf.011.50 bf.021.50 bf.030.50 bf.001.50 bf.002.50 bf.003.50x3 bf.003.50x5 er-40 er-40 er-40 er-32 Ø25 er-40 er-40 er-40 er-40
sizes correspond with the most commonly used EVOLVE Modular Radial Head diameters. In addition to the radial head plates, there are two sizes of radial neck plates. The surgeon should select the plate which best suits the fracture type and best fits the diameter of the radial head and neck. The radial head and radial neck
Injekt 10 mL Eccentric Syringe 4606108V-02 1200 Injekt 10 mL Eccentric with 21G x 1½ in. Needle 4645103V-02 1200 Injekt 20 mL LL Syringe 4606736V-02 800 Injekt 20 mL Eccentric Syringe 4606205V-02 800 Injekt 20 mL Eccentric with 21G x 1½ in. Needle 800 INJEKT-F SYRINGE (Low Waste) Injekt-F syringe tip prevents dead space with minimal residual .
While opening an AutoCAD 2000 drawing, you can use the Partial Open option to work with only part of the drawing file. If you are working with a large drawing, you can partially open the drawing and select a specific view and layers to work with instead of loading the entire drawing. See “Using Par- tial Open and Partial Load” on page 311. To open a drawing 1 In the Startup dialog box .
