APEC Lighting Best Practices
Establishing Educational Pathways for LightingBest Practices: An APEC Regional Collaborationwith University Lighting Centersand Research InstitutionsFinal ReportEnergy Working GroupFebruary 2017
!2APEC Project: EWG 06 2015AProduced byAsst. Prof. Chanyaporn Chuntamara, Ph.D.Lighting Research and Innovation CentreKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi126 Pracha-uthit Rd, Bangmod, Thungkru,Bangkok 10140 Thailandchanyaporn.chu@kmutt.ac.thForAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat35 Heng Mui Keng TerraceSingapore 119616Tel: (65) 68919 600Fax: (65) 68919 690Email: info@apec.orgWebsite: www.apec.org 2017 APEC SecretariatAPEC#217-RE-03.3.
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!4TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1CHAPTER 25IDENTIFYING LIGHTING BEST PRACTICES1.1 THE FIRST WORKSHOP: OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDURE71.2 KEY ISSUES RELATING TO BEST PRACTICES91.3 ASSESSMENT OF LIGHTING BEST PRACTICES231.4 SUMMARY28DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM2.1 THE SECOND WORKSHOP OVERVIEW AND PROCEDURE292.2 FRAMEWORK OF THE EDUCATIONAL PATHWAY312.3 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM AND COURSE OUTLINE32APPENDIX IAgenda: Workshop 1 and Workshop 242APPENDIX IICurriculum Guidebook58
!5INTRODUCTIONLighting consumes about 25% of world energy use, but this figure can be as high as 33% in developing economies. Due to pressing climate goals, many APEC economies are currently struggling to develop zero net energy (ZNE) roadmaps that rely heavily on achieving deep energysaving in an aging building stock. Retrofitting the existing building stock with highly efficientlighting is one of the most effective ways to achieve deep energy savings and rapidly reduce ourdependence on fossil fuels.Buildings’ energy consumption constitutes one of the largest contributions to greenhouse gasemissions and has been targeted by many APEC economies as a priority opportunity. However,there exists a considerable lack of knowledge on how to best achieve these deep energy savingand which strategies and practices should be employed with finite public investment. Unifyinglighting best practices, and supporting educational program has the potential to significantly increase the rate at which advanced lighting solutions are adopted across in developing economies,decreasing the overall energy use.This project was a continuing effort as suggested by the result obtained at the US-led, APECfunded workshop on Establishing Lighting Center in the APEC Region in 2013 (EWG 142012A), hosted by King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok,Thailand. It was agreed that there should be further collaborations among university-based lighting research and design centers in the APEC region on education and training of building professionals to transfer knowledge on lighting best practices. Thus two sequential workshops wereproposed with the objectives of identifying barriers and lighting best practices as well as developing effective educational pathways and course plan that can reach respective audiences.The first workshop, hosted by KMUTT, was held on 2-3 June 2016 in Bangkok. It was organized around a series of presentations of best practices for achieving deep lighting energy savings for both retrofit and new design of buildings. Four main groups of best practices were identified: 1) adaptive lighting/ demand-response lighting 2) daylighting for the tropics 3) advanceddesign and specifications 4) task-ambient lighting for offices. These were used as a basis for theroundtable discussions, which helped identifying the educational stakeholders and critical barriers many of which involved knowledge or experience gaps in the lighting field. Recommendations have been made on possible education pathways and initial structure of a common learningplatform. The industry participants also reiterated their strong support for continuing the educational portion of the program. These results contributed to the organization of the second workshop in Shanghai.The second workshop was co-hosted by Tongji University, Shanghai, People Republic of Chinaon 15-16 September 2016. Seventeen people from 7 APEC economies attended the workshop.Over the two-day workshop the invited experts reviewed the list of lighting best practices andagreed on potential educational pathways proposed from the workshop in Bangkok. The breakout groups were working on the structure and work flow for an effective educational programthat would be suitable for professional audiences in order to support the ZNE policies.
!6Subsequently, an educational webpage resource was developed to provide a common platformwhere project partners could contribute on training materials, case studies and updates on currentresearch. There was also a discussion on initiating a regular seminar with the aim to share andexchange on lighting best practice projects and applied research.Post-workshop activities included evolving and refining the course structure and guidelines inorder to achieve learning objectives. As the Lighting Research and Innovation Centre atKMUTT has regularly offered training programs for building professionals, a pilot test was conducted with the daylighting design course. Part of the contents from the APEC project was integrated into the existing training programs in order to test and refine the curriculum.
!7CHAPTER 1:IDENTIFYING LIGHTING BEST PRACTICESAccording to an education program development process, first essential steps are need assessment and planning session. These were achieved by the pre-workshop surveys and the firstworkshop in Bangkok. Lighting experts and key stakeholders were invited to share their experiences as well as to discuss on effective educational pathways for lighting best practices in theAPEC region. This chapter presents a sequential review of the key presentations and outcomesfrom the first workshop. These include assessment of lighting best practices and potential attributes of effective educational pathways for the second workshop.1.1 THE FIRST WORKSHOP: OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDUREThe first of the two APEC-funded lighting experts workshop was held successfully on 2-3 June2016, at Chatrium Hotel Riverside, Bangkok, Thailand. It was hosted by King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi and University of California at Davis; and co-hosted by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA). Sixty-five people attended the workshop and around thirty percentwere female. Twenty Thai and foreign speakers and participants from eleven APEC economieswere invited to present and actively involved in group discussions over the two-day workshop.These included Australia; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; the United States; and Viet Nam.Objectives1. Identify key best practices involving policies and opportunities technologies or design approaches that can achieve deep energy saving in the lighting of buildings2. Learn from effective collaboration models among stakeholders and strategies of thesuccessful implementation of policies and projects3. Make recommendations on unified lighting best practices that can be applied to thedesign and retrofitting of buildings in the APEC regionConducting the WorkshopPrior to the workshop, surveys on current needs and lighting best practices were conducted inHong Kong, China; Indonesia; Malaysia; and Thailand by semi-structured interviews and followed up short questionnaire. The purposes were to compile an initial list of lighting best practices and case studies. From the interviews there seemed to be interests on providing informationof projects which considered best practices, i.e. save some 50% of the lighting energy use compared to standard practice.
!8However, there were few filled out questionnaires returned from the consultants. Thus the information presented here was mainly obtained during the workshop. Initially ProfessorsChuntamara, Siminovitch and Luoxi Hao conducted a series of pre-workshop planning meetingswith the objective of reviewing and finalizing the process for the initial workshop. This involvedfinalizing the agenda with a focus on how the workshop presentations and breakout sessionwould work as a cohesive structure. We also engaged with our partners at Singapore LightingTechnology and Design Centre (SLTDC) developing the final structure for these tasks.The workshop structure was based on having a series of presentations from representative countries throughout the APEC region with a focus on best practices and case studies. During thesetwo days of presentations we would abstract and condense example recommended best practicesfor inclusion on the first draft list. This listing as a draft would be a dynamic process and modified throughout the first and second day. At the end of the first session the plan was to present anoverview of the draft best practices as recorded from the presentations.The three co-chairs from China; Thailand; and the United States reviewed the presentations atthe end of the first day to summarize and condense the best practices into a shortlist of 16overarch-ing best practices. These best practices were then being sorted into specificconcentration areas (for each breakout groups). We also asked the workshop participants toreview the presentations and to provide any additional insights relative to best practices that werenot clearly articulated or developed in the first day. This gave the opportunity for individuals todiscuss develop and brainstorm additional ideas evening hours of the first day.On the second day, the draft list for best practices was presented before the breakout discussionsessions. The participants were divided into three different groups, each of which comprised across-section of stakeholders that represented academia, utilities, government and professional/industry organizations. We also developed five different issues/questions that the breakoutgroups were to discuss including:1.2.3.4.5.6.Energy-saving potentialScalability-relative to the marketPolicy fit -codes and standardsBarriers-issues preventing broad adoptionEducational stakeholders-people/organizationsPotential educational programs.Each working group took 5-6 of best practices and develop a more in depth narrative based onthe five questions. The focus of the breakouts was to concentrate on the associated barriers andpotential educational pathways and stakeholders to help inform the Shanghai workshop. Thequestions related to energy-saving potential and scalability were included more to ensure and testthe suggestions as indeed qualifying for best practice status. The concept was that designs ortechnology that are not readily scalable or have a large energy-saving potential should not be included in this initial list of high ranking best practices.
!9Our intention was to have a broad cross-section of lighting stakeholders to review and prioritizea relatively short list of best practice concepts that could be moved forward in a broader educational program. After the breakout group discussions, each group then presented the key resultsof their discussion. Comments and questions were then recorded with the key focus on barriers,educational stakeholders and potential educational programs to help inform the workshop inShanghai.1.2 KEY ISSUES RELATING TO BEST PRACTICESThis section summarizes key issues from the presentations and discussions by 1) the lighting experts and representatives from government, utilities, university lighting research centers 2) lighting consultants and green building professionals and 3) representatives of building owners / facility managers as well as manufacturers and suppliers.1.2.1 Zero-net Energy Policies and Activities in the APEC RegionThe workshop started with an introductory presentation from the president of KMUTT, Assoc.Prof. Sakarindr Bhumiratana; this presentation included general welcoming comments with afocus on the importance of APEC universities and research institutions working together on critical problems such as climate change and energy efficiency. He also commented on some of theleadership activities ongoing in Thailand with the focus on sustainability, climate change and energy efficiency. Subsequently, Assoc. Prof. Bundit Fungthammasan, the vice president ofKMUTT, also presented a broad overview of the current energy efficiency programs, objectivesand activities ongoing in Thailand. He reviewed the past, current and future policy objectivesrelated to climate change and the importance of developing improved efficiency activities.For Thailand, following the APEC Leaders’ Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security andClean Development in 2011 that, collectively, the members would reduce the energy intensity(EI) by 45% by 2035 compared to that of 2005, Thailand has established its energy efficiencygoal and revised it in 2015. The revised plan (in draft form) aims to reduce 30% of the energyintensity by 2036 compared to that of 2010. To achieve this new goal, the building sector is oneof the main targets of the Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015).The Ministry of Energy aims to reduce the energy used in both retrofit and new buildings bytightening the building codes, promoting the use of energy efficiency labeled products and greencertifications by LEED or TREES (by Thai Green Building Institute) as well as the constructionof net-zero energy buildings. There are financial incentives and technical supports through several schemes, particularly for government and state-enterprise facilities. As part of the voluntaryprogram, energy efficient lighting by using LED technology is one of the main strategies; it aimsto replace with 2 millions LED lamps in government buildings and 3 millions LED lamps forpublic roads and streets, which partly have been implemented by the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).
!10The revised plan also proposed that the electricity producers and providers would be obliged tohelp their customers with energy efficiency (Energy Efficiency Resource Standard - EERS). Asthis is a new strategy for Thailand, it still needs a further study on its implementation. Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), the electricity distributor for Bangkok metropolitan area,has collaborated with Chulalongkorn University to investigate and demonstrate the potential savings of smart street lighting technology near MEA head quarter in central Bangkok.Mr. Jirasak Mantharngkul, Director of Demand Side Management and Planning Division, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) provided an overview of the ongoing activitiesin the demand side management arena in Thailand. EGAT has implemented the energy efficientlabeling scheme for electrical appliances (No. 5 Label) for 23 years and recently added LED replacement lamps, LED low-bay and high-bay luminaire on its list. His presentation included anumber of examples associated with high-efficiency components, fixtures, LED lamps and streetlighting applications as opportunities for significant savings. His recommended best practiceswere to focus on high-efficiency components and systems for building applications, particularlythe ones that can support demand-response strategies.In addition to these policies and strategies, the government and utilities also support appliedlighting research and knowledge transfer to practitioners. Dr. Chanyaporn Chuntamara gave anoverview of current key research at KMUTT’s Lighting Research and Innovation Centre (LRIC)on task-ambient lighting and smart street lighting, both of which will be completed later in 2017.After the main experimental studies, it was planned to use the installations as demonstrationsites. Apart from these demonstration facilities, LRIC is completing its new lighting laboratoryand the artificial sun for teaching and training of design professionals.Figure 1 Social mechanism of implementing task-ambient lighting in Thailand
1! 1An interim result from the task-ambient lighting research to promote its adoption for office application in Thailand, in-depth interviews and field surveys as well as usability testing of available products were conducted. The diagram (Figure 1) shows the social mechanism, the relationship among key stakeholders involved in the policies, decision-making, design and implementing task-ambient lighting strategies in Thailand. Figure 2 and 3 show the condition of officebuilding that successfully utilized daylight-harvesting and task-ambient lighting strategies, resulting in deep energy savings and satisfied occupants. The results gave an insight on social andknowledge barriers as well as the importance of an integrative approach that considers both taskambient lighting and daylighting to minimize thermal and visual discomfort.Figure 2 Lightshelves at perimeter officeFigure 3 Daylight and task-light in open-planSingapore government has also made a commitment to reduce energy and greenhouse gas emissions; the goal is to reduce its emissions intensity by 36% from the 2005 level by 2030. All typesof buildings use nearly 50% of electricity consumption and contribute to some 25% of all emissions. Lighting uses 15-20% of the overall electricity use. Mr. Jeffery Neng, EnvironmentalSustainability Group Deputy Director, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) gave anoverview of Singapore’s Green Mark which comprises a number of rating tools that rate the builtenvironment for its energy and water use and environmental impact.The aim is to have 80% of buildings in Singapore certified by 2030; as of 2016 there are some2,800 Green Mark projects, accounting for 31% of all building stock. Four main categories include 1) New Buildings 2) Existing Buildings 3) User Centric for specific applications 4) Districts, Parks, and Infrastructure. Innovative daylighting and daylight harvesting for the tropics aswell as design, installation, and commissioning of energy efficient lighting and controls are partof the green mark ratings. These best practices are demonstrated in the BCA’s three-story Academy campus building - also the first retrofitted zero-net energy building in Singapore. Figure 4aab show daylighting strategies using horizontal and vertical light pipes respectively and Figure 5shows the fenestration design, external shadings and green walls. Currently BCA has collaborated with SinberBest to upgrade the lower floor of the Academy into the ‘Living Lab’, installingmore advanced lighting design and control strategies (Figure 6).
!12Figure 4a-ab Horizontal and vertical light guidesFigure 5 External shadings and green wallsFigure 6 Advanced lighting strategies at the BCA Academy living lab ZEB Plus
!13In July 2016, BCA launched SkyLab1 to support research and knowledge transfer on sustainablebuildings and lighting in the tropics. The BCA SkyLab is a 360-degree revolving laboratory, developed in collaboration with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It is capable of testing a wide range of energy efficiency technologies, including ACMV, lighting (e.g. addressableLED, day-lighting, etc.), facade (e.g. Low-E glazing, sun shading, etc), plug load and controlstrategies. It features two configurable test compartments (i.e. the reference cell and the test cell)equipped with 200 sensors that enable comparison testing of design solutions and performancevalidation of technologies, against a base line or benchmark code (see Figure 7-8).Figure 7 Exterior of the BCA SkyLabFigure 8 Rendering of the test room with sensorsThe BCA is working with the United National Environment Program’s Nationally AppropriateMitigation Actions (NAMA) program for the building sector in Asia to help communicate findings from its Green Mark studies—and possibly SkyLab, down the line—with public and privateagencies in Indonesia; the Philippines; Thailand; and Viet Nam, which are among the current andpotential markets for Singapore's Green Mark certification. The NAMA agreements will includenational plans for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.In addition to the BCA’s platform for knowledge sharing and transfer, BCA and Singapore GreenBuilding Council (SGBC) have established Singapore Lighting Technology and Design Centre(SLTDC) in 2013. Dr. Chien Szu-Cheng gave an overview of SLTDC’s vision and ongoing activities with a focus on both policy and best practices. SinBerBest is a strategic partner in conducting advanced intelligent building and lighting research and engaged in knowledge transfer todesigners and building professionals. Current focus is to develop advanced lighting control systems capable of delivering low-energy lighting solutions, while maintaining the indoor environmental quality and comfort for the building occupant. It also works closely with governmentagencies and industry partners. It has advanced facilities for lighting research addressing tropicalclimate-responsive: Translucent concrete for daylight harvesting, Daylight emulator, Sky scanner, and full-scaled test-bed for intelligent integrative lighting control system.1TheBCA SkyLab is a state-of-the-art rotatable test facility pivotal to developing innovative energy efficient building technologies. The facility is modelled after the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s FLEXLAB.
!14Other applied research on lighting best practices in the APEC region included a study on the application of LED lighting for residential buildings presented by Prof. Dr. Nianyu Zou, ResearchInstitute of Photonics and leader of Optical engineering faculty, Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian, China. She is the Chinese representative leader of co-operation research project on residential lighting between China; Japan; and Korea. Prof. Louxi Hao from the Lighting Environment Laboratory, Tongji University in Shanghai, also involved in several key lighting researchand implementation of LED lighting for urban areas that aimed to reduce wasteful lighting energy, resulting in light pollution. Figure 9 and 10 show the experimental room for research, teaching and training facilities for electric lighting and daylighting at Tongji University and TsinghuaUniversity (Beijing, China) respectively.Figure 9 Experiment room at Tongji Figure 10 Artificial sky and sun simulator at TsinghuaIn Australia, according to the Australian zero carbon building plan (August 2013), it was estimated that the electrical energy savings approximately 20 TWh per year was possible with the recommended upgrades. This reduction would be greater than the amount of electricity producedby one continuously operating Hazelwood-sized coal fired power station (Latrobe Valley, Victoria). The use of LED for all lighting applications and better shading for buildings are suggestedas a way to achieve this goal. It was also suggested that “there are no technical barriers toachieving zero emissions from Australia’s buildings within a decade. The Buildings Plan proposes: energy efficiency retrofits of existing buildings ” (source: http://bze.org.au/buildingsplan/).Another perspective on lighting best practices and education was from Professor Warren Julianwho have had extensive experiences in lighting education and training of lighting and designprofessionals in Australia and APEC region including Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; and Thailand. He emphasized on the importance of quality lighting design on the energy efficiency equation, giving an overview of the importance of integrated design in developing better thought ofbest practices with a focus on quality and lighting design issues. Prof. Julian presented a seriesof potential best practices that included developing performance-based standards, improved design metrics and a focus on user based user-friendly control systems.
!15Professor Alan Suleiman represented Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) and Sacramento State University presented a cross section of ongoing lighting demonstration programswith a focus on deep energy savings. His presentation also included a strong policy perspectiveand its impact on supporting Energy efficiency activities in California. Specific examples included policy support for control systems, sensors and LED technology. As advanced controls cansave 50 to 75% lighting energy savings, SMUD supported strongly the opportunity associatedwith sensor based controls for public spaces both internally and externally in buildings. Forcommercial buildings, the newest control technologies offer flexibility to suit the business styleand needs. The lighting system can be controlled onsite or remotely from internet based interfaces, like smart phone, or computer terminals. Automated demand response capability can beincorporated into the system.SMUD offers rebates on qualifying LEDs through the Express Energy Solutions (EES) program,including 1) Interior Lighting Fixtures and Lamp Replacement 2) Exterior Lighting and 3) Advanced Lighting Controls. To encourage medium to large size commercial customers to adoptthe advanced controls, SMUD set the energy efficiency incentives at 0.25 per kWh saved (up toa maximum of 100,000 or 70% of the total project cost). This is based on a condition that theproject apply for incentive schemes must use qualified products list (2015).Professor Michael Siminovitch then gave his presentation on best practices representing California’s perspective on zero net energy. His presentation included a cross-section of lighting efficiency projects case studies and introduced a range of best practices tested and implemented atCalifornia Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) and various demonstration sites (Table 1). Thesebest practices included adaptive bi-level lighting for stairwells and corridors and adaptive sensorbase exterior/public lighting (see Figure 11-13). This involves reducing power during periods ofinactivity using advanced sensor technology. Case studies presented from the work Californiaindicate 40 to 50% savings with reducing lighting during periods of vacancy or inactivity. In addition to the adaptive lighting strategies, task-ambient lighting with added layer of vertical lighting was also proposed for some 56% in office application compared to the standard practiceASHRAE 90.1- 2007 (see Figure 14).Field: Demonstration SavingsTable 1 Comparison of field demonstration savingsResearch SiteCity of Chula VistaCity of San DiegoUC DavisUC IrvineCity of DavisVacaValley HospitalSite TypeStreetStreetAreaStreetStreetBaseline SourceTypeHPSHPSHPS/MHInductionHPSRetrofit nductionLEDTotalControl StrategyEnergy Savings (%)Fixtures Network55%Fixtures Network59%Fixtures Network Occ.89%Fixtures Network Occ.PendingNetwork Occupancy Sensing27% - 42%Fixtures Network Occ.66%Lab: Simulated SavingsSite TypeBaseline Source TypeRetrofit Source TypePotential EnergySavings Range (%)Big Box StoreAreaHPS/MHLED72% - 79%Office CampusAreaHIDLED73% - 85%Office Building, BAreaHPS/MHLED79% – 87%Research Site
!16Figure 11 Demonstration of networked street lighting controls at City of Davis(Photo Credit: California Lighting Technology Center)Figure 12 and 13 Demonstration of networked pathways lighting controls at UC Davis(Photo Credit: California Lighting Technology Center)Figure 14 Task/vertical/ambient lighting and energy saving potential(Source: California Lighting Technology Center)
!171.2.2 Experiences Shared by Building ProfessionalsLighting and green building consultants also shared their professional experiences on lightingbest practices that have been implemented in real projects the APEC region. These are valuableinformation and gave an insight on some of the technical and social barriers.Mr. Gregers Reimann (IEN Consultants, Malaysia) presentation focused on integrated design ofdaylighting for the tropics and task ambient lighting solutions. While there are great potentialsfor using daylight in the tropics, he suggested that misconceptions about associated heat withdaylight from some facility managers and designers as well as the general avoidance of sunlightto protect the skin are among the knowledge and social barriers. His presentation also includedsome novel daylight distribution systems with the objective of reducing glare and maximizingdaylight penetration within office applications (see Figure 15-17). His suggested best practicefocused on integrated daylighting design with glare control devices.Figure 15 Split-level window and integrated blindsFigure 16 Film for redirecting daylight(Source: www.ien.com.my)Figure 17 Full-scaled mock up of horizontal light trough for high-rise office buildings(Source: www.ien.com.my)
T8 (36W)T5 (28W)2013 LED (40W)2.4 m x 2.4m2.4 m x 2.4m2.4 m x 3mQuantity973973762Lighting Power Density(W/m2)7.075.34.2 - 5.6Spacing!18Theseare Consumptionsimilar to Dr. MichaelHirning’sviews on theimportance of integrating glare consid10 year Energy1,275,019956,564709,785(kWh) (60 hr a week)erationsin the design of daylight applications. His presentation concentrated on the development10 yearCO2 (tonnes)902 inform the application670ofa glareassessment tool 1,203(formulae) to helpof daylighting best practices.EnergySavingcomparetoT825%44.33%His primary recommendation for best practice was the integration of appropriate glare controlReduction ofinCO2the(tonnes)- 533devicesapplication of daylighting.- 301There was alsostrong recommendation for the development and an appropriate glare model in daylighting for the tropics. Based on his previousstudy and development of the Unified Glare Probability (UGP), under clear skies in Brisbane,Australia, he has validated the UGP using post-occupancy surveys under different sky conditions, building types and demographics in the tropical climate of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.9Ms. Ying Ching Hui, an electrical engineer from Aurecon Group, shared some cases of lightingenergy savings, while maintaining the lighting quality as recommended by Australian lightingstan
!4 table of contents page introduction 5 chapter 1 identifying lighting best practices 1.1 the first workshop: objectives and procedure 7 1.2 key issues relating to best practices 9 1.3 assessment of lighting best practices 23 1.4 summary 28 chapter 2 development of educational program
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