Swaziland Demographic And Health Survey 2006-07 [FR202]
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SwazilandDemographic andHealth Survey2006-07
SwazilandDemographic and Health Survey2006-07Central Statistical OfficeMbabane, SwazilandMacro International Inc.Calverton, Maryland USAMay 2008
This report summarises the findings of the 2006-07 Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) carried outby the Swaziland Central Statistical Office (CSO). The SDHS is part of the worldwide MEASURE Demographicand Health Surveys (DHS) pogram, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).Most of the funds for the local costs of the survey were provided by the Government of Swaziland and multipledonors, namely the National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS (NERCHA), UNAIDS/Swaziland,UNFPA/Swaziland, UNICEF/Swaziland, Italian Corporation the World Health Organization, and PopulationServices International (PSI). The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provided additionalfunds through the MEASURE DHS project to support the local costs and the technical assistance provided by MacroInternational Inc. Through an arrangment with Macro, the Global Clinical Virology Laboratories (GCVL) of SouthAfrica also provided assistance with the training and laboratory processing for the HIV testing component of thesurvey. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) of South Africa assisted during the design phase of thesurvey.The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or otherfunding partners.Additional information about the survey may be obtained from Central Statistical Office (CSO), Ministry ofEconomic Planning and Development, P.O. Box 456 Mbabane, Swaziland H100 (Telephone 268-404-2151; Fax268-404-3300; e-mail: statistics@africaonline.co.sz).Additional information about the DHS program may be obtained by writing to: MEASURE DHS, MacroInternational Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA (Telephone 301-572-0200; Fax301-572-0999; e-mail: reports@orcmacro.com).Suggested citation:Central Statistical Office (CSO) [Swaziland], and Macro International Inc. 2008. Swaziland Demographic andHealth Survey 2006-07. Mbabane, Swaziland: Central Statistical Office and Macro International Inc.
CONTENTSPageTABLES AND FIGURES . xiPREFACE . xxiSUMMARY OF FINDINGS . xxiiiMAP OF SWAZILAND .xxviiiCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONHenry Ginindza and Rachel ER 2History, Geography, and Economy . 1Population . 2Population, Family Planning, and HIV Policies and Programmes. 2Objectives. 3Orgnisation of the Survey . 3Sample Design . 4Questionnaires. 4Anaemia and HIV Testing. 5Pretest, Training, and Fieldwork . 5HIV Testing . 6Data Processing. 7Response Rates . 7HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICSPetronella Mamba2.12.22.32.42.52.62.7Population by Age And Sex .9Household Composition .10Education of the Household.112.3.1Educational Attainment.112.3.2School Attendance Rates .132.3.3Grade Repetition and Dropout Rates .15Household Environment .172.4.1Drinking Water.172.4.2Household Sanitation Facilities .192.4.3Housing Characteristics.19Household Possessions.22Wealth Index .23Birth Registration.24Contents iii
CHAPTER 3CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTSHenry Ginindza and Petronella Mamba3.13.23.33.43.53.63.7CHAPTER 4Characteristics of Survey Respondents.27Educational Attainment by Background Characteristics.30Literacy .31Access to Mass Media .34Employment .39Occupation.44Earnings and Type of Employment .47FERTILITY LEVELS, TRENDS, AND DIFFERENTIALSDudu Dlamini4.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.8CHAPTER 5Introduction .49Current Fertility.49Fertility Differentials .50Fertility Trends .51Children Ever Born and Living .53Birth Intervals.54Age at First Birth.55Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood.57FAMILY PLANNINGMarjorie .145.155.165.175.18iv ContentsKnowledge of Contraceptive Methods.59Ever Use of Contraception .61Current Use of Contraceptive Methods .64Number of Children at First Use of Contraception.69Use of Social Marketing Brands .70Disposal of Condoms .71Knowledge of the Fertile Period .71Timing of Sterilisation.71Source of Contraception .71Cost of Contraceptives .72Informed Choice .73Future Use of Contraception .75Reasons for Non-use of Contraception .75Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use .76Exposure to Family Planning Messages .76Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers .78Husband’s Knowledge of His Wife’s Use of Contraception.79Male Attitudes about Contraceptive Use .80
CHAPTER 6OTHER DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITYSri Poedjastoeti6.16.26.36.46.56.66.7CHAPTER 7Current Marital Status .83Polygyny .84Age at First Marriage .86Age at First Sexual Intercourse.88Recent Sexual Activity .91Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility.94Termination of Exposure to Pregnancy .96FERTILITY PREFERENCESDudu Dlamini7.17.27.37.47.57.67.7CHAPTER 8Desire for More Children .97Desire to Limit Childbearing by Background Characteristics .98Need for Family Planning Services.99Ideal Number of Children . 101Mean Ideal Number of Children by Background Characteristics . 103Fertility Planning Status . 103Wanted Fertility Rates . 104INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITYSri Poedjastoeti8.18.28.38.48.5CHAPTER 9Data Quality . 107Levels and Trends in Infant and Child Mortality. 108Socio-economic and Demographic Differentials in Infant and ChildMortality . 110Perinatal Mortality. 112High-Risk Fertility Behaviour . 113MATERNAL HEALTHNhlanhla M. Nhlabatsi9.19.29.39.49.59.69.79.8Antenatal Care . 115Number of ANC Visits, Timing of First Visit, and Source Where ANCReceived. 116Components of Antenatal Care . 117Tetanus Toxoid Injections . 119Place of Delivery. 120Assistance during Delivery. 121Postnatal Care. 123Problems in Accessing Health Care . 125Contents v
CHAPTER 10CHILD HEALTHZodwa Dlamini-Mthethwa10.110.210.310.410.510.6CHAPTER 11Child’s Size at Birth . 127Vaccination Coverage . 12710.2.1 Collection of Data . 12810.2.2 Level and Trend in Vaccination Coverage . 12910.2.3 Vaccination Coverage by Background Characteristics. 130Acute Respiratory Infection and Fever . 131Diarrhoeal Disease. 13310.4.1 Prevalence of Diarrhoea . 13310.4.2 Treatment of Diarrhoea . 13410.4.3 Feeding Practices. 136Knowledge of ORS Packets . 138Stool Disposal . 138NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTSNelisiwe 11.1111.12CHAPTER 12Nutritional Status of Children . 14111.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children . 14111.1.2 Results of Data Collection . 14111.1.3 Nutritional Status Indices . 143Initiation of Breastfeeding. 145Breastfeeding Status by Age. 146Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding . 148Dietary Diversity among Young Children. 14911.5.1 Foods and Liquids Consumed by Infants and Young Children . 14911.5.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices . 150Use of Iodized Salt . 152Prevalence of Anaemia in Children . 15311.7.1 Children Age 6-69 Months. 15411.7.2 Children Age 5-11 and 12-14 Years . 155Micronutrient Intake among Children. 15711.8.1 Consumption of Vitamin A-rich and Iron-rich Foods . 157Nutritional Status of Women and Men . 160Foods Consumed by Mothers. 162Prevalence of Anaemia in Women and Men . 163Micronutrient Intake among Mothers . 166MALARIA AND OTHER HEALTH ISSUESAfrica Magongo12.1vi ContentsMalaria . 16912.1.1 Ownership and Use of Mosquito Nets . 16912.1.2 Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) by Women duringPregnancy. 172
12.212.312.412.5CHAPTER 1312.1.3 Prompt Treatment of Fever in Children. 17412.1.4 Indoor Residual Spraying . 175Male Circumcision . 175Health Insurance Coverage . 178Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Tuberculosis . 179Use of Tobacco. 181HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOURRejoice 3.11CHAPTER 14Introduction . 183HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention. 18313.2.1 Awareness of HIV and AIDS. 18313.2.2 Knowledge of HIV Prevention . 18413.2.3 Rejection of Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS . 186Knowledge of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV . 188Attitudes Towards People Living With AIDS . 190Attitudes towards Negotiating Safer Sex. 192Attitudes Towards Condom Education for Youth . 193Higher-Risk Sex. 19313.7.1 Multiple Partners and Condom Use . 19313.7.2 Condom Use and Knowledge of Source. 196Coverage of HIV Testing and Counselling. 197Self-Reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections. 201Prevalence of Medical Injections . 204HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Behaviour among Youth. 20513.11.1 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge among Young Adults . 20513.11.2 Knowledge of Condom Sources among Young Adults. 20713.11.3 Age at First Sex. 20713.11.4 Condom Use at First Sex . 20813.11.5 Abstinence and Premarital Sex . 20913.11.6 Higher-Risk Sexual Intercourse and Condom Use amongYoung People.
This report summarises the findings of the 2006-07 Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) carried out by the Swaziland Central Statistical Office (CSO). The SDHS is part of the worldwide MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) pogram, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Swaziland Action Group Against Abuse (SWAGAA) Annual Report 2006/7 Swaziland Demographic Health and Health Survey 2006-7 Swaziland Laws concerning children Unicef Annual Report Swaziland, 2006 3 SOCIO - ECONOMIC CONTEXT Despite Swaziland being 141 out of 177 countries in the UNDP Human Development
Swaziland Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 3 NERCHA (2015). Swaziland HIV Estimates and Projections Report 2015 4 Central Statistical Office (2008). Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 5 Ministry of Health (2011). Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) 6 Ministry of Health (2014). National TB Report 2014
The 2006-07 Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) was designed to provide data for moni-toring the population and health situation in Swaziland. The 2006-07 SDHS is the fi rst Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Swaziland. The objective of the survey was to provide up-to-date in-
Swaziland 2006/07 8 II - Technical Notes 1. All tables in this report are calculated from data collected for the 2006/07 Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey, conducted by the Swaziland Central Statistical Office (CSO). The Swaziland DHS surveyed a nationally representative sample of 4,843 households.
SDHS Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey SEC Scientific and Ethics Committee SHIMS Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey T1 Time 1 (the baseline measure timepoint of Cohort 1) T2 Time 2 (the follow-up measure timepoint of Cohort 1) UNAIDS United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS UNISWA University of Swaziland
HIV is the leading public health concern in Swaziland. Swaziland’s Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS), conducted in 2006-7, demonstrated a generalized epidemic with an HIV prevalence of 26% among of 15-49 year olds [1]. Faced with the highest HIV prevalence rate in the world, the Swaziland Ministry of Health (MOH) has expanded access to
Source: Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey, 2007 In terms of age and sex disaggregation, the Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey 2007 1 shows that that women aged 15-49 are more likely to be HIV positive than men, at 31% and 20%, respectively.
.3 ISA / ANSI, ANSI-A300, Standards for Tree Care Operations. 2.2 Planting Layout, Massing and Plant Selection.1 Consider the limits and frequencies of institutional maintenance practices at UBC, and design accordingly for efficiency, servicing accessibility, low maintenance, weed control, pest, disease and drought tolerance. .1 Regardless of whether irrigation will be installed on site, the .
