Global Landfill Site- Old Bridge Township Middlesex County .
Cultural Resource InvestigationPhase IA ReportGlobal Landfill SiteOld Bridge TownshipMiddlesex County, New JerseyPrepared For:TJRS Consultants. Inc.Mv/de Centre IIMack Centre DriveParamus, New Jersej'Prepared by:Jay R. Cohen, Principal InvestigatorCarolyn A. Pierce, Co-Principal InvestigatorEnviroPlan Associate, Inc.P.O. Box 3470Manchester RoadPoughkeepsie, NY 12603February 1994
Global Landfill SitePhaselA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage lTABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTERPAGEI.INTRODUCTION .3II.PROJECT SETTING .5III.PREHISTORIC OVERVIEW .IV.HISTORIC OVERVIEW .11V.SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT .13VI.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . .19VII.REFERENCES CITED .820RESUMES OF KEY PERSONNEL . APPENDIX A
Global Landfill SitePhase JA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage 2LIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPAGE1.Project location; USGS South Amboy, NJ-NY, Quadrangle.42.Site Plan .63.Map of the Settled Portions of East Jersey, ca. 16824.1850 Otley and Keily; Map of Middlesex County, N.J. .155.1861 F.H. Walling; Map of Middlesex County, N.J. .166.1876 Everts & Stewart; Map of Middlesex Co.Madison Township .-.VI-------- -------- —. 12
Global Landfill SitePhase LA Cultural Resource InvestigationI. INTRODUCTIONEnviroPlan Associates, Inc. (EnviroPlan), conducted a Phase IA cultural resourceinvestigation in conjunction with the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) atthe Global Landfill site. The landfill site is located in the Township of Old Bridge, with asmall northern section of the landfill site within the Borough of Sayreville, MiddlesexCounty, New Jersey (Figure 1). The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate thedifferential sensitivity of the Global Landfill area for the presence of cultural resources, asoutlined in the January 1988 CERCLA/SARA Environmental Review Manual. This workwas conducted under contract to URS Consultants, Inc., Paramus, New Jersey who isperforming the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Global Landfill sitefor the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy (NJDEPE).The project site served as a sanitary landfill from 1968 until 1984. In June of 1988,the Global Landfill site was proposed for inclusion on the USEPA National Priorities List,and in March of 1989, the landfill site was officially placed on the list (URS 1992).The Phase IA cultural resource investigation at the Global Landfill project area wasconducted under the supervision of Jay R. Cohen, Principal Investigator, and Ms. CarolynA. Pierce Co-Principal Investigator. Background research for the project was conducted byJoseph Galezia and Jay Cohen. Lorraine Zeller assisted with the field investigations. Fieldpersonnel for this project have completed the Health and Safety Training at HazardousMaterials Sites consistent with the standards set forth under 29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(3). Thecultural resource investigations conducted by EnviroPlan conform to the instructions andintents set forth in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966; and theamended Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR 800).The Archaeologists performing these investigations meet or exceed the minimumqualifications set forth in 36 CFR 66.Neither the Phase IA background research nor the field walkover of the proposedimpacted areas identified or located any culturally important prehistoric or historicresources. This report summarizes the results of the current investigations; environmentalinformation; a synthesis of prehistoric and historic cultural developments; a sensitivityassessment; and conclusions and recommendations.
SOURCE:DATE:USGS SOUTH AMBOY, NJ-NY 7:5 MIN. SERIES QUADRANGLEFigure 1DRAWN BY:PREPARED BY:EnviroPlan Associates, Inc.NOT APPLICABLESITE LOCATION MAPNOTES:ONE OFTHEChazenNorthFeb-94COMPANIESGLOBAL LANDFILL SITETOWNSHIP OF OLD BRIDGEMIDDLESEX CO., NEW JERSEY
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage5II. PROJECT SETTINGThe Global Landfill site is situated along a tidal marsh within the Cheesequakedrainage basin approximately three-quarters of a mile southeast of the intersection ofErnston Road and Route 9 (Figure 1). The study area includes the 58-acre Global landfill,as well as the surrounding surface waters, wetlands, and nearby residential areas.Additionally, there is a 6.5 acre extension, located along the northwest slope of the main fillarea (Figure 2).The landfill site is bordered to the northeast, southwest and southeast by wetlands.The actual landfill itself consists of a 51-acre mounded fill area that rises to over 100 feetabove the surrounding wetlands. Along the northern portion of the project area, thetopography rises up in elevation to a hilly area 50 feet above sea level, forming the base ofthe western escarpment along the Cheesequake drainage basin. An active 42-inch naturalgas transmission pipeline, with a 75 foot right-of-way is located along the northwest slopeof the Global landfill.A sandy soil of an unknown thickness covers the landfill mound. Vegetation on thelandfill mound consists of tall grasses; which have eroded in places, forming gullies andexposing waste material across the filled areas.Melvins Creek, which flows in a northeasterly direction, transverses the northeastportion of the project area. Melvins Creek in turn flows into Cheesequake Creek, which liesapproximately 900 feet to the south of the landfill site. Cheesequake Creek drains into theRaritan Bay approximately 1.5 miles northeast of the landfill site.The Global Landfill site is located on the Inner Coastal Plain PhysiographicProvince of New Jersey. This area is generally characterized by nearly level topographyand gradual changes in elevation. Surficial deposits of the Inner Coastal Plain consistprimarily of varied sands, gravels and clays (Wolfe 1977). The bedrock geology underlyingthe Coastal Plain sediments consist of Precambrian and lower Paleozoic rock. The depth tobedrock throughout the New Jersey Coastal Plain ranges from several feet in the northwestportion of the state to thousands of feet along the ocean USGS 1984).The soil survey of Middlesex County (SCS 1987) has mapped the immediate vicinityof the Global Landfill as underlain by Sulfaquents and Sulfihemists (SU), Psamments(PW), and Evesboro sand (EvD).Sulfaquents and Sulfihemists. frequently flooded (SU). This soil unit consists oflevel, very poorly drained mineral (Sulfaquents) or organic (Sulfihemists) sediments in tidalmarsh areas that are subject to flooding. They occur in tidal flats adjacent to bays andtidal streams. Generally, Sulfaquents have a surface layer of mucky silt loam over a sandysubstratum. Sulfihemists are mucky soils that range in thickness from 18 to 60 inches ormore but are typically about 24 inches over a sandy substratum.
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultured Resource InvestigationPaamments. waste substratum (PW). This unit consists of excessively drained towell drained sediments that for the most part have been used to cover landfill. Thematerial is generally 2 to 4 feet thick and covers layers of soil and household trash.Evesboro sand. 10-15 percent slopes (EvD). This soil unit is moderately steep andexcessively drained. The soil is formed in acid coarse textured Coastal Plain sedimentscontaining small amounts of silt and clay. The soil occurs on upland slopes that areconcave and convex.
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationIII. PREHISTORIC OVERVIEWThis section presents a brief and general overview of the prehistoric culturalsequence in the project region. The prehistoric occupation of the northeast is divided intothree sequential cultural periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, and the Woodland. Theseoccupations begin at approximately 10,000 B.C. and conclude in A.D. 1600 when NativeAmericans came into contact with Euroamerican or were trading for Euromerican goodswith other Native American groups. Each of these cultural periods is characterized byessentially different cultural/ecological adaptations employed by Native Americanpopulations.Paleoindian Period (10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.)The earliest occupants of the region, the Paleoindians, are thought to have enteredthe region by following major drainages from the south and west as the Wisconsinan icesheet retreated and the vast meltwater lakes subsided. As modern drainage patternsbegan to establish themselves, pioneer plant communities of park-tundra charactergradually spread into the newly ice-free land. Park-tundra is described as a cool grasslandhabitat with isolated stands of spruce and other minor species. This habitat supportedpopulations of large megafauna (e.g„ mastodon, mammoth, giant beaver, bison) that soonbecame extinct and others (e.g., caribou, elk, moose, and musk ox) that now dwell inenvironments far to the north. The people of the Paleoindian period have beencharacterized as small groups of nomadic hunters who are believed to have subsisted byhunting these late Pleistocene megafauna.However, Middle Atlantic Paleoindianpopulations appear to have based their subsistence economy on the hunting of small gamespecies, supplemented by fishing and foraging for nuts, buries and other wild plants, sincelarge herd animals were thought to have become extinct in the region by 10,000 B.C.(Marshall 1982).Paleoindian sites are recognized primarily by the presence of distinctive isolatedfinds- "fluted" points, that are thought to have served as knives and tips for spears andjavelins (Kraft 1977). The favored material for these tools appear to be high-qualitycryptocrystalline lithic material (Gardner 1974, 1989). Although these points are scatteredthroughout New Jersey, a distinctive Paleoindian settlement pattern has not beendeveloped for the region. This is due primarily to the fact that many early sites areprobably now submerged. In addition to these finds, Paleoindian sites, or sites withPaleoindian components, in New Jersey include the Plenge site in the Upper DelawareValley, the Port Mobil site along the Arthur Kill on Staten Island (Kraft 1977), the Zierdtsite in Sussex County, and the Turkey Swamp site (Monmouth County). Research at theTurkey Swamp site, the only known stratified and radio-carbon dated site in New Jersey,suggests this locale may have served as a revisited camp site. Artifacts recovered from thesite, including projectile points, scrapers, bifaces, hammerstones, notched tools and adzes,suggest the occupants may have been engaged in hunting, and butchering, lithic reduction,as well as bone and woodworking, and cooking activities (Cavallo 1981).
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage 9Archaic Period (8,000 B.C. to 1,500 B.C.)During the Archaic period, subsistence patterns shifted from the big game huntingpattern of the Paleoindian period to one that is more diffuse with a variety of seasonalresources exploited by mobile groups with well-defined territories (Cleland 1976). TheArchaic period is generally divided into three Subperiods: Early (8,000 B.C. to 6,000 B.C.);Middle (6,000 B.C. to 4,000 B.C.); and the Late (4,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C.). The Archaicperiod is characterized by an increase in the number of tools used for the processing ofplant foods, decreased emphasis on the use of high-quality cryptocrystalline lithic materialsand an increase in the importance of riverine and estuarine food resources. Severalarchaeological sites of this type are located in the general vicinity of the Global Landfill,overlooking Stump Creek (e.g., Cheesequake Campsites 28-Mi-76 through 28-Mi-79).The first two subperiods are poorly documented in the Middle Atlantic region and inthe Northeast in general. Custer (1984) and others show Early Archaic cultures living inenvironments similar to those of the earlier Paleoindians and gradually shifting to uplandenvironments with bifurcated projectile points typically made of locally available rawmaterial. The latter are associated with wetland habitats similar to those found withinand/or adjacent to the Global Landfill project area. By the Middle Archaic, the switch tolithic materials such as shale and argillite began to dominate tool assemblages (Cavallo1982). The use of ground stone tools also appears dining this period, indicating anadaptation to hardwood forest environments.The Late Archaic Period is represented by larger and more numerous sites than theother two periods. This shift in site size and density may be indicative of a populationincrease. Diagnostic material from this period focus on stemmed points (Bare Island,Normanskill, Poplar Island, Lackawaxen, Lamoka) and tools used for woodworking,fishing, and plant processing (e.g., axes, choppers, mortars, pestles, netsinkers). TheTerminal Archaic, or Transitional Period is marked by the appearance of steatite orsoapstone bowls, as well as broad-blade projectile points such as Perkiomen, Koens-Crispin,and Susquehanna types (Kinsey 1972).Woodland Period (1,000 B.C. to A.D. 1600)The Woodland period, which can be divided into three subperiods (Early, Middle andLate) is more well known in the Middle Atlantic region than the Paleoindian or ArchaicPeriods. The Woodland Period is notable for larger populations, more complex socialorganization and the appearance of Native American ceramics. The Woodland is based onthe appearance of various cultural manifestations that exhibit broad similarities, yet differboth temporally and in significant culturally adaptive details.Subsistence patterns in the Woodland Period are dependent on the inclusion ofhorticulture. Early Woodland sites found in the New Jersey Coastal Plain region arefocused on generalized seasonal hunting and gathering patterns that induded theprocurement of marine resources (shellfish and fish). Diagnostic materials for theEarly/Middle Woodland cultures include Ware Plain ceramics and Meadowood and FoxCreek projectile points. The Late Woodland Period is more well-known than the previousperiods. The Archaic-type hunting and gathering system of the Early and Middle
Global Landfill SitePhase LA Cultural Resource InvestigationWoodland cultures was transformed quite rapidly into the horticulturally based system ofthe Late Woodland period with reliance on horticulture. These sites included large villagesites as well as smaller seasonal special-purpose sites. Williams and Thomas (1982) havesuggested that the special purpose resource procurement sites became less important withthe rise of horticulture.Contact between European and Native American groups in the region began early inthe seventeenth-century. At the time of European contact New Jersey was occupied by theLenni Lenape. The geographic distribution of these Native Americans was in bands(Navesinks, Assanpinks, Matas Schackamazous, Chichequaas [Cheesequakes], Rairitans,Nanticokes and Nariticongs). These groups lived along the rivers and basins of the presentproject area (Martin 1979). By the mid-seventeenth-century, the Native Americansremaining in New Jersey had moved to lands purchased for their occupancy in BurlingtonCounty (Brotherton Reservation).
Global Landfill SitePhase JA Cultured Resource InvestigationTV. HISTORIC OVERVIEWThe first recorded landowners in the vicinity of the project area appear to be personsinterested in acquiring land for the purpose of investment, For example, between 1683 and1686 several thousand acres of land at the mouth of the Cheesequake Creek are reportedas belonging to only a few owners (T. and S. Winder -1,000 acres; Scots Proprietors and W.Dockwra - 2,000 acres; T. Wame - 1,000 acres) who were not, apparently, residents (Walland Pickersgill 1921). A map illustrating the settled portions of East Jersey dating about1682, shows the Minisink Indian path in close proximity to the Global Landfill study area.The only indication of a settlement within the area is at Lawrence's Plantation, located onthe Raritan River, east of where the South River joins the Raritan River (Figure 3).Later, initial settlement in the vicinity of the study area was at the mouth ofCheesequake Creek. This settlement was, apparently, designed to take advantage of thefine stoneware clay that was found in the banks of Cheesequake Creek. These claydeposits, which opened the clay industry for Middlesex county, are said to have been someof the finest stoneware clays in the United States (Martin 1979). A number of potterieswere built near the headwaters of the Cheesequake Creek, specializing in salt-glazedstoneware (and later Albany-slip glazed stoneware). Among the prominent potteries in thearea was one belonging to the Captain James Morgan family. The Morgan potterybusiness continued for many years, as did others in the area. Saltglazed stoneware wasproduced in Middlesex County from 1770s to the 1850s, including the Sayreville region.Recent archaeological investigations in Sayreville uncovered the remains of the XerxesPrice pottery, dating from about 1802 to 1830 (LBA 1990; Martin 1979). Anotherimportant clay-related industry in the Townships of South Amboy and Madison was that ofclay excavation for the export to such places as New England (Massachusetts, Vermont) theHudson Valley, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Not far from the project area, one of theseclay "banks" (shafts) belonged to Noah Furman, just off of Ernston Road on the west bankof the Cheesequake Creek (Martin 1979:121).In addition to the clay industry, salt hay farming became an important andprofitable business for local farmers. The salt hay was harvested from meadowlands thatwere covered with water by the tides twice a day. Salt hay was used year round - in springto protect seed beds, in summer to help build roads, and in winter to preserve ice. The salthay was also used as packing for pottery and bricks. The Global Landfill study areacontains meadowlands similar to those used to harvest salt hay.In addition to the clay and clay-related industries, Madison Township was a lumberand wood products center, relying heavily (before the coming of railroads) on shipping byboat both up and down the South River and Cheesequake Creek.
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage 13V. SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENTIn order to evaluate the prehistoric and historic sensitivity for locating culturalresources within the project area, EnviroPlan consulted documents and reports relating tothe developmental history of the project area. In addition, the historic structure, andNational Register of Historic Places site files, historic structure inventories, maps, andtechnical reports (including cultural resource investigations conducted in close proximity tothe Global Landfill project area) on file at the Office of New Jersey Heritage in Trenton,New Jersey were examined. The prehistoric archaeological site files at the New JerseyState Museum, Trenton were also reviewed. Additionally, historic maps and atlases wereexamined at the New Jersey State Library in Trenton, New Jersey. These data wereimportant for providing crucial information on past land uses and assessing whether theproject area may contain historic archaeological sites. Also, a field walkover was conductedin order to assess the existing environmental conditions and define the extent of anydisturbances (or undisturbed areas) present within the project area.Previous research in New Jersey indicates that prehistoric sites tend to be locatedon elevated landforms, with well drained soils, within close proximity to water and marineresources (Chesler 1982). These types of settings would correspond with the northeastportions of the project area, just east of the gas pipeline right-of-way (Figure 2). The areassurrounding the landfill proper to the northeast, southeast and southwest consist of lowlying marsh and wetland, and would have been unattractive for camp or village sites.Skinner and Schrabisch (1913) list one prehistoric site in the vicinity of the projectarea. The Morgan site is described as "Large heaps of shell are visible along both sides ofthe road to Keyport on the opposite side of Cheesequake Creek from Morgan. They containfew relics and do not seem to extend to the bluff overlooking Raritan Bay."A review of the prehistoric sites recorded with the New Jersey State Museumindicated that there are no sites listed either within the bounds of the Global Landfillproject site, or within a one-mile radius. There are, however six prehistoric sites within anapproximately 1.5 mile-radius of the landfill.Cheesequake Camp sites: 28-Mi-76, 28-Mi-77. 28-Mi-78. and 28-Mi-79. This clusterof four sites are located north east of the Global Landfill site. The sites are situated onsandy knolls, overlooking salt marshes and Stump Creek. The sites are described as shellpiles erupting through the surface. According the New Jersey prehistoric site form, culturalmaterial recovered from the sites consists of "numerous flakes and one broken knife".Emanco-115: 28-Mi-155. The site is located approximately 137m southwest ofSucker Brook, in the vicinity of the confluence of Cheesequake Creek and Raritan Bay. Thesite was discovered during the Phase 1 cultural resource investigation for the proposedTranscontinental Gas Pipeline (Hays and Weed 1990). The site is described as alow-density lithic scatter, dating to the Late Woodland period. Cultural material recovered,from test unit excavations consist of 1 chert Levanna projectile point, 1 chert preform, 2secondary and 2 tertiary reduction flakes, and 3 possible pieces of Fire Cracked Rock. All
Global Landfill SitePhase LA Cultural Resource Investigationcultural material was confined to a disturbed soil horizon. No additional archaeologicalinvestigations were recommended at the site.Morgan site: 28-Mi-169. This prehistoric lithic scatter is located at the intersectionof Route 35 and Morgan Avenue, Sayreville Township. The site was recorded during thePhase I historical and archaeological survey of the proposed Liberty pipeline project,Morgan, New Jersey (LBA 1992). The site is situated approximately 100m from the eastedge of a bluff. Cultural material was recovered from a loamy sand A-horizon, beneath agravely pavement fill. Cultural material recovered from shovel test pits included 1 jasperendscraper, chert and quartz debitage, 1 piece of Fire Cracked Rock, and oyster and clamshell. Also recovered were historic ceramics (pearlware, whiteware, stoneware, ironstone)and modem bottle glass. No cultural affiliation is assigned to the site. Additionally, siteinvestigators were unable to determine if this site is the same reported by Skinner (1914).A review of the USGS Quadrangle sheets on file at the Office of New JerseyHeritage indicate that: 1) two cultural resource investigations were conducted within aone-mile radius of the Global Landfill project area; and 2) there are no previouslyrecorded/listed National Register of Historic Places structures or sites, no State registeredsites, and no inventoried standing structures on or adjacent to, or within a one-mile radiusof the project area.Springsted and Sypko (1979) conducted a cultural resource survey of the proposedRoute 9 - Ernston Road intersection improvements. This study area is approximately 3,200feet northwest of the Global Landfill study area. Field investigations consisting of asurface reconnaissance and subsurface testing did not identify any "significant" culturalresources during their investigation.Fittipaldi (1983) conducted an environmental assessment of Cheesequake StatePark, approximately 3,000 feet southeast of the landfill site. Although the investigationsdid not include subsurface testing, several areas were identified as having the potential forlocating both prehistoric and nineteenth-century historic sites.Examination of the historic maps and atlases relating to the Global Landfill projectarea Otley and Keily (1850), Walling (1861), and Everts and Stewart (1876), indicate thatthere are no historic structures located within the immediate vicinity of the study area(Figures 4, 5, and 6). However, the maps do indicate a structure associated with NoahForman (sp) just north of the study area, at the base of the western bluffs overlooking theCheesequake Creek. It is very likely that the structure located on the 1850 Otley and Keilymap is in the vicinity of the higher elevated areas just northeast of the landfill proper (seeFigure 2). By 1861 (Walling), and later, 1876 (Everts and Stewart), N. Forman appears toacquired considerably more land. The 1876 Everts and Stewart map indicate that N.Forman is well entrenched in the clay industry of the Cheesequake area.A walkover reconnaissance was conducted of the project area on February 13, 1994.As described above, the purpose of the reconnaissance was to identify areas of disturbance,ascertain environmental characteristics, and locate potential areas requiring furtherinvestigation. During the course of this investigation it became clear that the onlyundisturbed portions of the Global Landfill study area are those portions of the site north ofthe Landfill proper, a wooded tract, on the eastern portion of an elevated finger of land.
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Global Landfill SitePhase LA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage ISHowever, the western portion of this wooded area appears to have been disturbed as aresult of the construction of a natural gas pipeline.The 6.5 acre extension area, located north of the northwest slope of the landfill, hasbeen extensively disturbed as a result of cutting and scraping relating to the landfilldevelopment. Also, this area was found to contain buried drums (URS 1992). Amagentometer survey indicated anomalies, and, subsequent trenching resulted in therecovery of 63 drums, several of which were considered to contain hazardous material.Background literature, site file, and topographic map research indicated thatundisturbed portions of the project area possess a high sensitivity for the location ofpreviously unrecorded prehistoric archaeological sites. This sensitivity assessment wasbased on the similarity of the environmental characteristics within the project area to thoseof known sites within the general vicinity of the project area, particularly those areasnortheast of the landfill proper, overlooking the wetlands.The potential for locating historic cultural resources and features within the projectarea is moderate to low. Historic literature, map and atlas research (Otley and Keily 1850;Walling 1861; Everts and Stewart 1876) indicate that the project area's location is withinan area that was, for the most part, exploited for the clay resources.
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationVI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSPhase IA cultural resource investigations were conducted at the Global Landfill sitein order to determine the potential for locating historic and archaeological resources withinthe study area that may be impacted as a result of the site remedial design. Backgroundresearch indicated that there is a low probability for locating historic period resources.However, the potential exists for locating prehistoric sites within the undisturbed portionsof the study area, overlooking the wetlands and marshes. Specifically, this would includethe area northeast of the landfill proper, on a finger (peninsula) of land east of the naturalgas pipeline. Twentieth-century mining and landfilling activities within the 6.5-acreextension, northwest of the landfill mound would have destroyed any cultural resourceswithin this area.Given the results described above, if the Global Landfill remedial design is such thatit impacts the archaeologically sensitive areas of the site, then those areas must be tested(Phase IB investigation) to determine the presence (or absence) of culturally importantresources.
Global Landfill SitePhase IA Cultural Resource InvestigationPage 20VII. REFERENCES CITEDCavallo, John A.1981Turkey Swamp: A Late Paleo-Indian Site in New Jersey's Coastal Plain.Archaeology of Eastern North Am
The landfill site is located in the Township of Old Bridge, with a small northern section of the landfill site within the Borough of Sayreville, Middlesex County, New Jersey (Figure 1). The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the differential sensitivity of the Global Landfill area for the presence of cultural resources, as
"Landfill Footprint" means the area of the landfill site where MSW is approved to be deposited. "Landfill Gas" (LFG) means a mixture of gases generated by the decomposition of MSW, as defined in the Landfill Gas Management Regulation. “Landfill Phase” means the portion of the landfill footprint that has received or is
RCRA Subtitle D (Landfill 1) GCL RCRA Subtitle C (Landfill 3) Anisotropic Barrier North (Landfill 4) (Landfill 2) (Landfill 6) Phase 2 Phase 1 West Plots East Plots. 10 Figure 3. Profile of Baseline Test Cover 1 (Soil Cover) Baseline Test Cover 2 (Landfill
Location of the Nelson County Landfill The Nelson County solid waste landfill is located ten miles north of the City of McVille in Township 151 North, Range 59 West, NE 1/4 Section 12 (Fig. 1). The landfill site encompasses approximately 160 acres of which 20 acres has been used. 1 Nelson County Elevation in feet above MSL (NGVD of 1929) R.59W.
Bailey Bridge 37.0 4.5 1-span bailey bridge with steel deck Old concrete abutment 15 Poor 3,525 Original concrete bridge washed-out by flood. Bailey bridge resting in old bridge abutment 2 3 Kampot 105 985 Bailey Bridge 48.0 4.2 4-span bailey bridge with steel deck Old concrete abutment and piers 1
Aluminum bridge crane isometric 11 Steel bridge crane plan view 12 Aluminum bridge crane plan view 13 Bridge Crane Systems & Dimensional Charts Installation Parameters 14 250 lb. capacity bridge cranes 15 - 17 500 lb. capacity bridge cranes 18 - 21 1000 lb. capacity bridge cranes 22 - 25 2000 lb. capacity bridge cranes 26 - 29 4000 lb. capacity .
The Old Bridge Township Ice Rink is located within the Old Bridge Township Municipal Complex at 1 Old Bridge Plaza, Old Bridge, New Jersey. The 31,250 SF facility was built in 1982 with no additions. The building is single storya facility comprised of locker rooms, restrooms, concession area and ice rink. Occupancy Profile The typical hours of .
THE TECHNICAL GUIDELINE FOR SANITARY LANDFILL, DESIGN AND OPERATION (Revised Draft, 2004) The Technical Guideline for Sanitary Landfill comprises of four (4) parts, they are: i. Part I : Introduction and Basic Design of Sanitary Landfill ii. Part II : Technical Guideline on Sanitary Landfill System iii.
America’s Problem-Solving Courts: The Criminal Costs of Treatment and the Case for Reform CYNTHIA HUJAR ORR President, NACDL San Antonio, TX JOHN WESLEY HALL Immediate Past President, NACDL Little Rock, AR NORMAN L. R EIMER Executive Director, NACDL Washington, DC EDWARD A. M ALLETT President, FCJ Houston, TX KYLE O’D OWD Associate Executive Director For Policy, NACDL Washington, DC .
