A Short Course In Medical TerMinology

A Short Course inMedicalTerminologyFOURTHEDITIONJudi L. Nath, PhDProfessorLourdes UniversityKelsey P. Lindsley, RPh, PharmDPharmacist, PreceptorClinical PractitionerNath9781496351470-fm.indd 126/10/17 3:55 PM

Acquisitions Editor: Jonathan JoyceDevelopment Editor: Amy MillholenEditorial Coordinator: John LarkinEditorial Assistant: Tish RogersMarketing Manager: Leah ThomsonProduction Project Manager: David SaltzbergDesign Coordinator: Holly Reid McLaughlinManufacturing Coordinator: Margie OrzechPrepress Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing ServicesFourth editionCopyright 2019 Wolters Kluwer.Copyright 2012, 2009, 2003 Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book isprotected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including asphotocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system withoutwritten permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materialsappearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered bythe above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 MarketStreet, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via our website at lww.com (products and services).9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Printed in ChinaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Nath, Judi Lindsley, author.Title: A short course in medical terminology / Judi L. Nath, Ph.D., LourdesUniversity, Kelsey P. Lindsley, R.Ph., Pharm.D.Description: Fourth edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, [2019] Revision of: Short course in medical terminology / C. Edward Collins, Textand Academic Authors Association, St. Petersburg, Florida. Includesindex.Identifiers: LCCN 2017044655 ISBN 9781496351470 (paperback)Subjects: LCSH: Medicine—Terminology. Medical sciences—Terminology. BISAC: MEDICAL / Dictionaries & Terminology.Classification: LCC R123 .C594 2019 DDC 610.1/4—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017044655This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warrantiesas to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals’ examination of each patientand consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history,laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and thiswork is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this workincluding all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification ofmedical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made,and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals areadvised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, amongother things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications,particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximumextent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to personsor property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person ofthis work.LWW.comNath9781496351470-fm.indd 226/10/17 3:55 PM

This book is dedicatedto my students and colleaguesat Lourdes University,who continue to provide inspirationand support. Thank you!-JUDI L. NATHThis book is dedicated to my parents,who have always loved and supported meand who accepted dishwashingin exchange for rentwhile I was working on this book.-KELSEY P. LINDSLEYNath9781496351470-fm.indd 326/10/17 3:55 PM

New to This EditionThis new edition builds on the foundation established in the previous three editions. The reader willfind the writing style of this edition easy to follow, with special focus given to ensuring that eachpage is user friendly and accessible to all levels of learning. As educators, we wanted to be sure thatstudents found the content manageable, interesting, and understandable.APPROACH AND CONTENT ORGANIZATIONThis section outlines the global changes that were made throughout the entire textbook as well asthe chapter-by-chapter changes. We begin with those changes across the chapters.Global Changes The narrative has been modernized to make the text more user-friendly and approachablefor students. The chapter headings have been standardized to appear in a consistent order so material ispresented utilizing a consistent style. The topics in the study table were also standardized so that the order follows a predictablesequence. Study Tables may contain terms that are not in the narrative; however, all bold-faced termsin the narrative are found in the Study Tables. The book would become unwieldy with textif the terms in the tables were also in the narrative. We have selected the most relevant termsfor inclusion in the tables. The end-of-chapter exercises have been standardized, so that from chapter-to-chapter exercisesare presented in the same order. Chapter 15 The Special Senses of Sight and Hearing has been moved to appear directly afterChapter 7 The Nervous System. This order makes sense from a functional perspective andmatches other current anatomy and physiology books. Rearranging the topics in this manneralso allows the book to be used in tandem with an anatomy and physiology course. All terminology has been updated per current medical usage. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary,Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Histologica, Terminologia Embryologica, and leadingmedical journals were used to standardize the medical terms, so that they are current andmatch terms used in common practice. Pronunciations match Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. Although Stedman’s Medical Dictionaryuses a diacritic format whereby signs and symbols are used with letters to indicate pronunciations, the pronunciations given in this book are those used for oral communication so weused phonetic pronunciations. Appendixes A through E have been updated so the information is the most current, nationally recognized. The artwork has been updated and revised extensively to be accurate and contemporary. Wealso improved the text–art integration to enhance the student learning experience.ivNath9781496351470-fm.indd 426/10/17 3:55 PM

New to This Editionv Citations from image captions have been removed, so that the reader is not distracted fromthe image and its learning opportunity. Unnecessarily long table titles were shortened to make table titles easier for students to readand understand. More photos were added for realism and interest. The phrase “word elements” was changed to “word parts” to avoid ambiguities when someword parts served double functions, as in sometimes a word part was a root and a prefix. Thischange also enabled consistency. Quick Checks were updated to provide benchmarks within the chapter for students to assessretention of information. Sidebar Information was updated with interesting facts. It is also designed so that it is a “pointable feature” and there is at least one per chapter. Material from Crossword Puzzles and Chapter Quizzes has been folded into the End-of-ChapterExercises.Revised Table of ContentsChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Analyzing Medical TermsCommon Prefixes and SuffixesOrganization of the BodyThe Integumentary SystemThe Skeletal SystemThe Muscular SystemThe Nervous SystemThe Special Sense of Sight and HearingThe Endocrine SystemThe Cardiovascular SystemThe Lymphatic System and ImmunityThe Respiratory SystemThe Digestive SystemThe Urinary SystemThe Reproductive SystemBasic Chapter Outline Template1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.Learning Outcomes (changed from learning objectives)IntroductionWord Parts Related to the XXX SystemStructure and FunctionQuick Check (at lease one per chapter)Disorders Related to the XXX SystemDiagnostic Tests, Treatments, and Surgical ProceduresPractice and PractitionersThe XXX System Abbreviation TableSidebar (at least one per chapter)The XXX System Study Table (alphabetized within subheadings) Structure and Function Disorders Diagnostic Tests, Treatments, and Surgical Procedures Practice and Practitioners12. End-of-Chapter Exercises—not all exercises may be present, but the order of exercises is maintained Exercise X-X Labeling Exercise X-X Word PartsNath9781496351470-fm.indd 526/10/17 3:55 PM

viNew to This Edition Exercise X-X Word BuildingExercise X-X MatchingExercise X-X Multiple ChoiceExercise X-X Fill in the BlankExercise X-X AbbreviationsExercise X-X SpellingExercise X-X Case StudyChapter-by-Chapter ChangesChapter 1 Analyzing Medical Terms New Art: Figure 1-1New Word Parts: nonNew Terms: etymology and language senseDeleted Word Part: clericAdded new Quick CheckChapter 2 Common Prefixes and Suffixes Changed chapter title from Common Suffixes and Prefixes to Common Prefixes and Suffixesand changed the order of presentation in the chapter so that prefixes are introduced beforesuffixes and to match the new chapter title New Word Parts: a-, an-, anti-, -cele, -cyte, de-, dis-, -eal, -edema, -emesis, -emia, -ism, -lith, -lysis,-oid, -opsy, -pathy, -phobia, -plasia, -poesis, -rrhea, -sclerosis, -stasis, -stenosis, -stomy, tic, and –tome Added new Quick CheckChapter 3 Organization of the Body Changed chapter title from The Body’s Organization to Organization of the BodyNew Art: Figures 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, and 3-7New Word Parts: gastr/o and thorac/oNew Terms: abdominal cavity, anatomy, caudal, cephalad, cervix, coccyx, coronal plane, cranial, lumbus, pelvic cavity, physiology, sacrum, thorax, and ventral Deleted Terms: anatomical terms of location, dorsal cavity, and midsagittal Added new Quick CheckChapter 4 The Integumentary System New Art: Figures 4-1, 4-6, and 4-10 New Word Parts: adipo- and -oma New Terms: arrector pili muscles, benign, bulla, carcinoma, decubitus ulcers, edema, erythematous, fissure, hypodermis, integumentary system, malignant, plaque, pruritic, prurigo, and whealChapter 5 The Skeletal System New Art: Figures 5-1, 5-2, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11, 5-12, 5-13, 5-14, and new images for Table 5-3 New Terms: appendicular skeleton, axial skeleton, carpal bones, closed fracture, compoundfracture, compact bone, cranial suture, cranium, epiphyseal plate, hip bone, joint, kinesiologists,lateral malleolus, ligaments, tendons, medial malleolus, neoplasms, occupational therapists,open fracture, osseous tissue, physical therapists, simple fracture, spongy bone, sternum,synovial fluid, synovial joint, tarsal bones, thoracic cage, and vertebral column New Abbreviations: MRI and NSAID Deleted Abbreviations: CTS and LE Deleted Terms: chondrodynia and dactylomegaly Deleted Word Parts: cheir/o and -desisNath9781496351470-fm.indd 626/10/17 3:55 PM