Total Costs Of Ownership Calculations And Worksheets By .
Total Costs of Ownership Calculations and Worksheets by BuildingPurposeThis Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculator provides enterprises with a framework for comparing the cost of building a new application to that of buying a new software package. The tablebelow lists the various cost categories associated with the lifecycle of an enterprise application. The categories and items in this tool should not be taken as an exhaustive list; there are spaceswithin each section of the TCO spreadsheet to add additional costs as required.Cost CategoriesPresent Value of CapitalReplacement Costs (REPL) Costs associated with replacing a facility or unit of a facility at the present fair market value or other third party assessment if fmv not available.Present Value (RES) Current value of exisiting facilities based on Santa Clara County Assessors Office and Commercial Rates in South bay (Buildings older than 1980 with noimprovements value at 35% of replacement value. Buildings after 1980 with renovation, seismic upgrades or new facilities value at 80-90% of replacement value)Energy or E 12 month avareage of energy costs to the collegeWater (W) 12 month avareage of water usage costs to the collegePresent Value of Operating,Maintenance and RepairsCosts (OM & R) costs of operations, preventative maintnenace, planned maintenance & repairs costsOther Known Costs (O) Resent Value of other known costs such as service contrants and repair costs.Payroll (P) Total costs of payrol and beneifts of maintenance, grounds, custodians, relevant supervisors and payroll overhead (if any)Instructions1. Go to the worksheet labeled "TCO Calculator." Fill in the appropriate values for each cost category (cells to be filled in are highlighted in white). Please note that this calculator does not accountfor the depreciation of capital assets.2. After filling in the necessary values, go to the Results tab to see a graphical comparison of the two adoption approaches in terms of cumulative cost.3. For Planned Maintenance, refer to Scheduled Maintenance Project List create by Alex Monroe, Gilbane Inc. (Based on Fusion and StudioJaed Survey)
Total Costs of Ownership Calculations Assumptions840,528435,108Total Gross Square Footage for SJCC CampusTotal Assignable Square Footage for SJCC CampusTotal Employee Count8272.2519Total Salary & r of CustodiansNumber of Grounds PersonnelNumber of Maintenance PersonnelNumber of Managers for above areasAnnulaized Cost of CustodiansAnnulaized Costs of Grounds PersonnelAnnualized Costs of Maintenance PersonnelAnnualized Costs of Managers for above areasCustodians Cost per Square footMaintenance Cost per Square footGrounds Cost per Square Foot of outside space (Total Acreage less Gross SquareFootage)Managers Cost per Square foot 2.19 0.72 8.65 0.29Annual Water Usage for May 2011- April 2012Cost Per Square Foot of Assignable Space 132,236.29 0.16Annual Constellation Gas usage for May 2011 - April 2012Annual PG&E Gas usage for May 2011 - April 2012Cost Per Square Foot of Assignable Space 80,168.00 56,395.00 0.31 136,563.00Total Gas usageAnnual Constellation Energy usage for May 2011 - April 2012Annual PG&E Energy usage for May 2011 - April 2012Cost Per Square Foot of Assignable SpaceTotal Energy usageNotes:Per square footage units are used for payroll, energy and water usageThus it represents totals divided by assignable square footage, these numbers areused for all buildings as it is not feasable to have them seperated by building type.Payroll Costs are annulaized as of 2012 271,220.03 1,011,897.97 2.95 1,283,118.00
Summary SheetTCO Calculator SummaryTotal Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footageCumulative Costs844,285441,485Year 1 543,627,264Year 2 1,087,254,528Year 3 1,586,390,171Year 4 2,056,316,438Year 5 2,526,242,706Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Present ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION database Total Present Value Current Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplused Total Current Value EnergyGas Electricity Total Energy Costs Water UsageWater Total Water Usage Operating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperating Planned Maintenance Repair Costs Total Oper/Planned Maint/Repairs Other Known CostsContracts Total Other Known Cost Totals Payroll (Salary & Benefits)Custodians Grounds Managers Maintenance & Support Total Payroll & Benefits Total CostsREPL-RES E W OMR O P TCOTCO Workbook, GWN Total ( )% of Total Cost323,978,186 323,978,186 291,269,861 269,739,575 269,739,575 1,478,705,38458.534%323,978,186 323,978,186 291,269,861 269,739,575 269,739,575 1,478,705,38458.534%216,851,996 216,851,996 205,404,083 197,868,482 197,868,482 1,034,845,04040.964%216,851,996 216,851,996 205,404,083 197,868,482 197,868,482 1,034,845,04040.964%202,208 202,208 171,808 158,802 158,802 893,8290.035%2,490,641 2,490,641 2,201,349 2,077,579 2,077,579 11,337,7880.449%2,692,849 2,692,849 2,373,157 2,236,381 2,236,381 12,231,6170.484%104,232 104,232 88,542 81,829 81,829 460,6650.018%104,232 104,232 88,542 81,829 81,829 460,6650.018%168,100 168,100 148,100 148,100 148,100 780,5000.031%1,437,670 9,013,945 3,081,189- 6,357,371 24,000 189,573 19,890,1750.787% 213,573192,100 6,715,044 1,585,770 9,162,045 0.008%3,229,289 20,884,2480.827%1,500,000 6,200,082 129,390 699,1611,500,000 6,200,082 129,390 699,161 254,807 8,783,440 254,807 8,783,440955,685 955,685 808,007 164,636 164,636 164,636 762,549 762,549 4,244,476164,636 164,636 244,843 244,843 216,404823,180 204,237 204,237 1,114,562607,885 607,885 537,278 507,070 507,070 2,767,1891,973,049543,627,264 1,973,049543,627,264 1,726,325499,135,643 1,638,492469,926,268 1,638,492469,926,268 8,949,4072,526,242,706113,588,421 124,811,447 91,768,963 85,689,000 79,311,890 495,169,722Page 3 of 24- - -0.348%0.354%May 22, 2012
100 BLDGTCO Calculator Building 100Building DescriptionThe single story 41,729 square-foot building contains classrooms and offices and shop areas. Originally constructed in 1952 there have been several additions and renovations.Last Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage4172928682Cumulative Costs2012 17,097,6012013 38,195,2032014 53,792,8042015 69,790,4052016 85,638,006Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION database Total Present Value Current Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplused Total Current Value EnergyGas Electricity Total Energy Costs Water UsageWater Total Water Usage Operating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperating Planned Maintenance Repair Costs Total Oper/Planned Maint/Repairs Other Known CostsContracts Total Other Known Cost Totals Payroll (Salary & Benefits)Custodians Grounds Managers Maintenance & Support Total Payroll & Benefits 11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 56,851,58666.4%11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 11,370,317 56,851,58666.4%3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 19,898,05523.2%3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 3,979,611 19,898,05523.2%Total CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 12,936 12,936 12,936 12,936 12,936 64,6800.1%123,101 123,101 123,101 123,101 123,101 615,5030.7%136,037 136,037 136,037 136,037 136,037 680,1830.8%6,677 6,677 6,677 6,677 6,677 33,3830.0%6,677 6,677 6,677 6,677 6,677 33,3830.0%- - - - - -0.0%- - - - - - - - - 400,000400,000 250,000250,000 650,000- 650,0001,500,000 5,500,000 - - - 7,000,0001,500,000 5,500,000 - - - 7,000,00062,814 62,814 62,814 62,814 62,814 314,068- - - - - 12,101 12,101 12,101 12,101 12,101 60,50730,045 30,045 30,045 30,045 30,045 150,224104,960 104,960 104,960 104,960 104,960 524,79917,097,601 21,097,601 15,597,601 15,997,601 15,847,601 85,638,006Page 4 of 240.8%0.0%0.8%8.2%-0.6%May 22, 2012
200 BLDGTCO Calculator Building 200Building Descriptionlocated on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The single story 41,820 square-foot building contains classrooms and offices and shop areas. Originally constructed in 1952 there have been several additionsand orrenovations with no major remodels to dateLast Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage4182028682Cumulative Costs2012 15,631,4802013 edYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION database Total Present Value Current Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplused Total Current Value EnergyGas Electricity Total Energy Costs Water UsageWater Total Water Usage Operating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperating Planned Maintenance Repair Costs Total Oper/Planned Maint/Repairs Other Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost Totals Payroll (Salary & Benefits)Custodians Grounds Managers Maintenance & Support Total Payroll & Benefits 11,395,114 11,395,114 22,790,22772.3%11,395,114 11,395,114 22,790,22772.3%3,988,290 3,988,290 7,976,58025.3%3,988,290 3,988,290 7,976,58025.3%Total CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 12,964 12,964 25,9280.1%123,369 123,369 246,7380.8%136,333 136,333 272,6660.9%6,691 6,691 13,3820.0%6,691 6,691 13,3820.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0% 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,00062,814 62,814 125,627- - -12,128 12,128 24,25630,110 30,110 60,221105,052 105,052 210,10415,631,480 15,881,480 31,512,959-Page 5 of 240.8%0.7%May 22, 2012
300 BLDGTCO Calculator Building 300Building Description300 WING, building is located on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The single story 40,548 square-foot building contains classrooms and offices. Originally constructed in 1952 there have been severaladditions and renovationsLast Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage4058427276Cumulative Costs2012 15,168,2652013 edYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION database Total Present Value Current Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplused Total Current Value EnergyGas Electricity Total Energy Costs Water UsageWater Total Water Usage Operating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperating Planned Maintenance Repair Costs Total Oper/Planned Maint/Repairs Other Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost Totals Payroll (Salary & Benefits)Custodians Grounds Managers Maintenance & Support Total Payroll & Benefits 11,058,328 11,058,328 22,116,65772.2%11,058,328 11,058,328 22,116,65772.2%3,870,415 3,870,415 7,740,83025.3%3,870,415 3,870,415 7,740,83025.3%Total CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 12,581 12,581 25,1620.1%119,723 119,723 239,4460.8%132,304 132,304 264,6080.9%6,493 6,493 12,9870.0%6,493 6,493 12,9870.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0%- - -0.0% 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,00059,734 59,734 119,469- - -11,769 11,769 23,53929,220 29,220 58,441100,724 100,724 201,44915,168,265 15,468,265 30,636,530-Page 6 of 241.0%0.7%May 22, 2012
Auxillary GymTCO Calculator Auxillary GymBuilding DescriptionAUXLLARY GYM, ( Women's ) is located on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The one-story 12,561 square-foot building contains showers and locker rooms/gyms and offices. Originally constructed in 1953 therehave been no major renovations to date,Last Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage1256111475Cumulative Costs2012 11,736,0712013 edYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION databaseTotal Present ValueCurrent Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplusedTotal Current ValueEnergyGasElectricityTotal Energy CostsWater UsageWaterTotal Water UsageOperating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperatingPlanned MaintenanceRepair CostsTotal Oper/Planned Maint/RepairsOther Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost TotalsPayroll (Salary & Benefits)CustodiansGroundsManagersMaintenance & SupportTotal Payroll & Benefits 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552.00 8,633,552.00 3,021,743 3,021,743 3,894 37,055 Total CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 17,267,10473.6% 17,267,104.0073.6%3,021,743 6,043,48625.7%3,021,743 6,043,48625.7% 3,894 7,7880.0% 37,055 74,1100.3%40,949 40,949 81,8980.3% 2,010 2,010 4,0200.0% 2,010 2,010 4,0200.0% - - -0.0% - - -0.0% - - -0.0% - - -0.0% - - - - 25,130 25,130 50,261 - - - 3,643 3,643 7,285 9,044 9,044 18,088 37,817 37,817 75,634 11,736,071 11,736,071 23,472,141Page 7 of 24 - - -0.0%0.3%May 22, 2012
Boiler PlantTCO Calculator Old Boiler PlantBuilding DescriptionBoiler plant, is located on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The one-story 2,870 square-foot building contains the central plant and offices. Originally constructed in 1981 there have been no majorrenovations to dateLast Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage28701417Cumulative Costs2012 12,720,7252013 25,441,4512014 38,162,1762015 50,882,9022016 63,603,627Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION database Total Present Value Current Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplused Total Current Value EnergyGas Electricity Total Energy Costs Water UsageWater Total Water Usage Operating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperating Planned Maintenance Repair Costs Total Oper/Planned Maint/Repairs Other Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost Totals Payroll (Salary & Benefits)Custodians Grounds Managers Maintenance & Support Total Payroll & Benefits Total CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 47,066,70974.0%9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 9,413,342 47,066,70974.0%3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 16,473,34825.9%3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 3,294,670 16,473,34825.9%890 890 890 890 890 4,4490.0%8,467 8,467 8,467 8,467 8,467 42,3330.1%9,356 9,356 9,356 9,356 9,356 46,7810.1%459 459 459 459 459 2,2960.0%459 459 459 459 459 2,2960.0%- - - - - -0.0%- - - - - -0.0%- - - - - -0.0%- - - - - -0.0% - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -832 832 832 832 832 4,1622,066 2,066 2,066 2,066 2,066 10,3322,899 2,899 2,899 2,899 2,899 14,49412,720,725 12,720,725 12,720,725 12,720,725 12,720,725 63,603,627Page 8 of 240.0%0.0%May 22, 2012
Business BLDGTCO Calculator Business BuildingBuilding DescriptionBusiness building, is located on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The two-story 24,950 square-foot building contains classrooms and offices and mech area. Originally constructed in 1960 there have been severaladditions and or cosmetic renovations over the yearsLast Assessed in 2012Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage2495014480Cumulative Costs2012 15,682,6332013 31,554,8402014 47,237,4732015 63,714,2542016 79,396,888Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION databaseTotal Present ValueCurrent Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplusedTotal Current ValueEnergyGasElectricityTotal Energy CostsWater UsageWaterTotal Water UsageOperating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperatingPlanned MaintenanceRepair CostsTotal Oper/Planned Maint/RepairsOther Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost TotalsPayroll (Salary & Benefits)CustodiansGroundsManagersMaintenance & SupportTotal Payroll & BenefitsTotal CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 43,167,76054.4% 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 43,167,76054.4% 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 34,534,20843.5% 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 34,534,20843.5% 7,735 7,735 7,735 7,735 7,735 38,6730.0% 73,603 73,603 73,603 73,603 73,603 368,0130.5% 81,337 81,337 81,337 81,337 81,337 406,6850.5% 3,992 3,992 3,992 3,992 3,992 19,9600.0% 3,992 3,992 3,992 3,992 3,992 19,9600.0% - - - - - -0.0% - - - - 794,1481.0% - 189,573 - - 189,5730.2% - 189,573 - - 983,7211.2% - - - - - - - - - - 31,711 31,711 31,711 31,711 31,711 - - - - - - 7,236 7,236 7,236 7,236 7,236 36,178 17,964 17,964 17,964 17,964 17,964 89,820 56,911 56,911 56,911 56,911 56,911 284,554 15,682,633 15,872,206 15,682,633 16,476,781 15,682,633 79,396,888Page 9 of 24794,148794,1480.0%158,5560.4%May 22, 2012
Career TechnologyTCO Calculator Career Technology BuildingBuilding DescriptionCareer Technology, The two buildings are located on the San Jose City campus of SJECCD in San Jose, California. The one-story 20,159 square-foot building contains class rooms and offices and shop areas. Originally constructed in 2007there have been no major renovations,to dateLast Assessed in 2012Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage2015918226Cumulative Costs2012 15,669,6132013 31,344,7902014 47,014,4032015 62,735,3622016 78,404,975Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION databaseTotal Present ValueCurrent Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplusedTotal Current ValueEnergyGasElectricityTotal Energy CostsWater UsageWaterTotal Water UsageOperating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperatingPlanned MaintenanceRepair CostsTotal Oper/Planned Maint/RepairsOther Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost TotalsPayroll (Salary & Benefits)CustodiansGroundsManagersMaintenance & SupportTotal Payroll & Benefits 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 43,167,76055.1% 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 8,633,552 43,167,760.0055.1% 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 34,534,20844.0% 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 6,906,842 34,534,20844.0% 6,249 6,249 6,249 6,249 6,249 31,2460.0% 59,469 59,469 59,469 59,469 59,469 297,3450.4% 65,718 65,718 65,718 65,718 65,718 328,5920.4% 3,225 3,225 3,225 3,225 3,225 16,1270.0% 3,225 3,225 3,225 3,225 3,225 16,1270.0% - - - - - -0.0% - 5,564 51,346 56,9100.1% - - - - - -0.0% - 5,564 - 51,346 - 56,9100.1% - - - - - - - - - - 39,915 39,915 39,915 39,915 39,915 - - - - - - 5,846 5,846 5,846 5,846 5,846 29,231 14,514 14,514 14,514 14,514 14,514 72,572 60,276 60,276 60,276 60,276 60,276 301,378Total Costs 15,669,613 15,675,177 15,669,613 15,720,959 15,669,613 78,404,975TCO Workbook, GWNPage 10 of 240.0%199,5750.4%May 22, 2012
Central PlantTCO Calculator Central PlantBuilding DescriptionLast Assessed in 2009Total Gross Square FootageTotal Assignable square footage20001500Cumulative Costs2012 4,575,0602013 9,150,1212014 13,725,1812015 18,300,2422016 22,875,302Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Total ( )% of Total CostPresent ValueReplacement Value Per FUSION databaseTotal Present ValueCurrent Value of Exisiting FacilitySanta Clara County fair market value if sold or suplusedTotal Current ValueEnergyGasElectricityTotal Energy CostsWater UsageWaterTotal Water UsageOperating, Planned Maintenance & Repair CostsOperatingPlanned MaintenanceRepair CostsTotal Oper/Planned Maint/RepairsOther Known CostsContractsTotal Other Known Cost TotalsPayroll (Salary & Benefits)CustodiansGroundsManagersMaintenance & SupportTotal Payroll & BenefitsTotal CostsTCO Workbook, GWN 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 12,683,89055.4% 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 2,536,778 12,683,890.0055.4% 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 10,147,11244.4% 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 2,029,422 10,147,11244.4% 620 620 620 620 620 3,1000.0% 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 29,5000.1% 6,520 6,520 6,520 6,520 6,520 32,6000.1% 320 320 320 320 320 1,6000.0% 320 320 320 320 320 1,6000.0% - - - - - -0.0% - - - - -0.0% - - - - - -0.0% - - - - - -0.0% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 580 580 580 580 580 2,900 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 7,200 2,020 2,020 2,020 2,020 2,020 10,100 4,575,060 4,575,060 4,575,0
Total Costs of Ownership Calculations and Worksheets by Building 2. After filling in the necessary values, go to the Results tab to see a graphical comparison of the two adoption approaches in terms of cumulative cost. This Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculator provides enterprises with a framework for comparing the cost of building a new .
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) within IT could allow companies to more accurately budget their future costs (Smith, 2002). In this report, we use the term Total Cost of Ownership to refer to the direct and indirect costs of applications used to support lines of business. This description of TCO provides a balanced approach to emphasizing both the
ownership structure, in the case of publicly listed firms, consists of two distinctive features: First, ownership concentration meaning if a firm is owned by one or few large owners (concentrated) or by multiple smaller owners (dispersed/diffused), and ownership identify, referring to the type of owner such as individuals/families, institutions .
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) summary Sample Report for Data Center Migration . Total cost of maintaining server(s) over 3 year(s) 2,652,375 Total hardware costs over 3 year(s) 11,493,625 Software cost Virtual Machine Costs Cost of Windows Data Center license per 2 Proc, 32
FISH & WILDLIFE COSTS 17TH ANNUAL REPORT TO THE NORTHWEST GOVERNORS PAGE 3 Figures 08 Figure 1: Costs by Major Area, FY2017, as Reported by Bonneville's Fish and Wildlife Division 09 Figure 2: Costs by Types of Species 10 Figure 3: Costs of FCRPS BiOp Projects 11 Figure 4: Costs Associated with ESA Listed Fish 12 Figure 5: Costs by Fund 13 Figure 6A: Costs by Category
Table 2 The Various Measures of Cost: Thirsty Thelma's Lemonade Stand Average Costs Average costs can be determined by dividing the firm's costs by the quantity of output it produces. The average cost is the cost of each typical unit of product. Average Costs Average Fixed Costs (AFC) Average Variable Costs (AVC)
Total Cost of Ownership Total cost of ownership (TCO) is an assessment of all costs, direct and indirect, involved with an item over the useful life of that item. Most frequently, TCO is used at the beginning of the purchase process to evaluate which is the most cost-effective choice. When
comprise of core APC costs of 26.4 billion in 2015-16, mental health costs of 6.9 billion, community costs of 5.4 billion and ambulance costs of 1.7 billion. 15. Figure 2 shows the total costs reported in 2015-16, split by setting10. The largest single proportion of costs is non-elective inpatient care, which accounts for 25.9% of
criminal justice systems in terms of homicide cases solved by the police, persons arrested for and per-sons convicted of homicide. Bringing the perpetrators of homicide to justice and preventing impunity for those responsible for lethal violence is a core responsibility of the State. Indeed, there is international recognition1 that the State is required to provide judicial protection with .
