SANU SEMINARY FORM FIVE HOME PACKAGE BIOLOGY

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SANU SEMINARYFORM FIVE HOME PACKAGEBIOLOGY1. (a)(i)Analyse six features of the cell membrane(ii)Give three differences between a cell membrane and cell wall(b)State the roles of the following in the cell membrane(i)Surface carbohydrates (ii) Cholesterol (iii) Globular proteins2. (a)Study the figure below(i)Identify the structure above(ii)Label parts A-E(iii)How does the structure above differ from yeast?(b)State the roles of the following organelles(i)Perixomes (ii) Microvilli (iii) Centrioles (iv) Lysosomes3. (a)Describe the structure the key organelle that controls the life of the cell(b)With reasons identify the body parts where you will likely to find much(i)Microbodies (ii)Smooth ER (iii)Golgi apparatus4. (a) Analyse similarities and differences between a Mitochondrion and a Chloropast(b)Why Chloroplast and Mitochondrion are regarded as Prokaryotes within Eukaryotes ?5. (a)Explain for the following observations(i)Egg albumin solidifies upon boiling(ii)Milk coagulates upon addition of lemon juice(iii)Effervescence are formed when a piece of liver is dropped into a test tube containinghydrogen peroxide(iv)A dark blue colour formed between Starch and Iodine fades away upon addition of saliva(v)A mixture of starch, saliva and sodium bicarbonates gives a positive test with benedictssolution while the mixture of starch saliva and acetic acid gives a negative test.(b)Identify two polysaccharides and their roles which are found in the following organisms(i)Spider (ii)Maize (iii) Mushroom6. (a)With examples describe five components which causes protein denaturation

(b)Complete the table belowName of ConjugatedProtein(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)Prosthetic GroupLocationRoles(c)Differentiate between structural and functional protein7. (a)Outline six functions of Lipids(b)Illustrate the formation of Lipids from its constituents(c) What feature makes Lipids more essential for(i)Aquatic animals like whales(ii)Polar animals like bear8. (a)How does Fischer s hypothesis account on enzymes specificity?(b)For each of the following biochemichal process state whether is exergonic or endergonic(i)Photosynthesis (ii) Respiration (iii)Condensation of amino acids (iv)Hydrolysis of starch9. (a)Sketch the graph which would be obtained under constant conditions if(i)Excess substrate is used(ii)Fixed quantity of enzyme is used(b)With examples describe the following concepts(i)Competitive enzymes inhibition(ii)Enzyme co-factors(iii)Enzyme activators(iv)Co-enzymes10. (a)With examples differentiate between(i)Photoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs(ii)Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis(b)What would happen if(i)The intestinal pH is kept at 2.0(ii)The concentration of oxygen is raised in C3 plants(iii)The oxygen concentration is lowered in C4 plants11. (a)What is the significance of the following biological processes(i)Photophosphorylation (ii) Malate shunt (iii) Photolysis of water(b) Describe the process of photosynthesis which occur in the stroma of chloroplast12. Describe structure in relation to function of epithelial tissue of the gut13. (a)Explain the fates of the following in the photosynthesis(i)RuBP (ii) PGAL (iii)NADPH(b)Give five differences between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation

14. The illustration bellow summarizes what happens in the interconversional process ofphotosynthesis and respirationHexose sugarHexose phosphateXTriose PhospahteUGlycerate-3-phospahteRibulose biphosphateVWPyruvic acid15.16.17.18.19.20.21.Y(a)(i)Name the process which produces pyruvic acid and where exactly in the cell does suchprocess takes place(ii)Name processes which produce hexosephosphate and triosphosphate(iii)Identify substances U,V,W,(iv)Identify processes X and Y respectively(b) Give similarities and differences between photosynthesis and respiration(a) Draw a finger like projection found in human intestine(b) How is the Ileum adapted for digestion and absorption?(a) Describe components of gastric juice(b) Tying of pancreatic duct affects digestion but does not interfere sugar metabolism.Explain(a) Describe roles of the following components(i)Bile (ii) Paneth cell (iii) Crypts of leiberkuhn (iv) Bruner s glands (v) Enterokinase(b) Food is alkaline in the mouth, acidic in the stomach and again alkaline in the intestine.Explain.(a) Explain internal factors affecting photosynthesis(b) How does photosynthesis process makes life in sea possible(a)Magiesp ate a meal containing milk and cassava , indicating the part of the gut, describethe process of digestion of Magiesp’s meal from ingestion to absorption.(a)Explain features of action potential(b)A myelinated neurone of frog conducts impulse at low speed compared to that of the rat.Explain(a) Describe the structure of the synapse(b) How does the synapse(i) Ensure impulse transmission in only one direction(ii)Play excitatory and inhibitory roles

22. (a)Describe changes which occur in the eye with respect to(i) Light intensity (ii) Distance of object(b)Draw a well labelled diagram of the retina23. (a) Give six differences between rods and cons(b)Synaptic convergence increases visual sensitivity and lower visual acuity. Explain24. (a) What do you understand by,(i) Generator potential (ii) Action potential (iii) Depolarization of nerve fibre(b) The graph below shows some events which occur during impulse transmission 404 20P.d (mV)3-50527-70 1 .-906Time (ms)Identify the events indicated by numbers 1 to 7.25. (a) Differentiate nervous and hormonal coordination(b) State features which enable the hormones to carry out their funcntion efficiently26. (a) Outline factors influencing secretion of hormones from their respective glands(b) Describe negative feedback mechanism in relation to secretion of thyroxine hormone27. (a) Analyse hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland and their roles(b) Show similarities and differences between hormones and enzymes .28. Complete the table belowPhytohormoneArea of synthesis andRoleslocation(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)29. (a) Differentiate between(i) Phototropisms and photonasty(ii)Taxis and Nastis(b) Ellaborate five importance of tropic movements in plants

30. (a) How does auxin influence the phototropism and geotropism?(b) The figure below shows the effect of auxins to different parts of the plantB% StimulationA .% Inhibition(i)What parts of the plant are represented by A and B(ii)How A and B are affected by different concentrations of Auxins?31. (a) Briefly explain how each of the following affect the rate of respirationi.Temperature ii. Size of an organism iii. Health status of organism(b) For each of metabolic pathways listed in the table below; name the specific locationin the cell it occurs, substrate used and products formed under eachMetabolic pathwayGlycolysisTricaboxylic acid cycleLactate fermentationElectron transport chainPrecise location32. Study the illustration belowSubstrateProducts

a) (i) Where exactly in the cell does such process take place?(ii) What is the name of the process taking place?b) What is the name of the prosthetic group found in the cytochromes?c) What is the name of the final electron acceptor?d) Cynamide is an inhibitor of the enzyme involved in the final reaction. What are theconsequences of the inhibition to this terminal enzyme?33. (a) Define the following terms:(i) Surfactant(ii) Respiratory surface(b) State how the alveolus is adapted to gaseous exchange.(c) Explain how gaseous exchange takes place across the alveolar wall.34. (a) Elaborate the main adjustments that occur to the heart rate and circulatory system justbefore, during and after a 100m race.(b) The table below shows how oxygen consumption and body mass of three resting mammals.MammalMass in kgOxygen consumption in mm3 per gram per hour at restA0.25870B70.00202C3800.0067(i)Which mammal consumes the largest total volume of oxygen at rest?(ii)Explain why when both mammals are resting, mammal A requires much more oxygen perhour than mammal C.35.(a) Oxidation of one molecule of fat (Triple miting) yields 1474 ATP, while oxidation ofglucose yield 38 ATP. However cells prefer to use Glucose than fats during respiration.Explain.(b) Why oxidation of lipids liberates much energy than carbohydrates?36.(a) The illustration below summarises the process of fermentation.(i)(ii)Identify substances M, Q, R and P.Identify enzymes X, Y and Z.

(b) Explain the roles played by the following during aerobic respiration.(i) Mitochondrion(ii) Oxygen(iii) Cytochrome(iv) Glucose(v) Co-enzymes37.(a) Explain how electron transport chain releases energy.(b) The body utilizes compounds other than glucose as the source of energy. Discussthis statement in relation to:(i) Marathon running(ii) Starvation38.(a) The figure below represents oxygen uptake during strenuous activity, giveinterpretation of the figure shown.(b) Why does the level of lactic acid increases in blood after exercise though anaerobicrespiration has stopped?39.(a) Outline six similarities including biochemical ones between respiration andphotosynthesis(b) If you complete oxidation of glucose mole yields 2803KJ and one mol. of ATP isequivalent to 30.6KJ. What will be the efficiency of Glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle?40.(a) What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?(b) State three factors affecting BMR.(c) Study the figure below.Account for the observed difference in metabolic rates of the three animals.

41.The figure below represents the main stages of aerobic respiration(a)(i)State precisely where the reactions A, B and C occur in the cell(ii)Give the name of Sustrate X and Y(iii)Explain three main events which lead to conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl co.A(b)Compute and state the net ATP molecules formed at each stage of reactions notedbelow(i) Box A (ii)Link reaction (iii) Box B (iv) Box C42.Describe how carbondioxide and oxygen are transported in the mammalian body.43.(a) Define the term Bohr effect.(b) What is the significance of Bohr effect?(c) An athletic had a 100m race, at the end he was breathing so rapidly and deeply. Onthe other hand he had a painful feeling in his muscles. Explain what happened for theathletic to experience such situation44. Describe common disorders of urinary system45. The diagram bellow shows temperature regulation in mammals.Box xExternaltemperature fallsBloodtemperature fallsHeat losscentreReceptorReceptorHeat gaincentreEffectorEffector(a) What part of brain is represented by box X(b) (i) How does the heat loss centre control the effectors which lower the body temperature?(c) Explain how blood vessels can act as effectors for lowering body temperature.

46. (a) Consider the table below:OrganismNitrogenous lBirdUric acidTerrestrialExplain the relationship of habitat and the type of waste product.(b)Why glucose is not found in the urine of a healthier person?47. (a)Describe the mechanism of urea formation(b)How does the nephrone produce more concentrated urine more than the tissue fluid?48. (a)Describe how the loop of Henle plays as counter current multiplier(b)Elaborate six adaptations of marine elasmobranches to osmoregulation49. (a) A person with fever feels extremely cold and undergoes shivering while his/her bodytemperature is above normal, explain what makes that person to experience such situation?(b)Give four adaptations of each of the following animals to their extreme climates(i)Bear in polar regions(ii) Camel in semi arid area50. Discuss the roles of the liver and pancreas in digestion and metabolism of the endproducts of digestion.

(b) Give similarities and differences between photosynthesis and respiration 15. (a) Draw a finger like projection found in human intestine (b) How is the Ileum adapted for digestion and absorption? 16. (a) Describe components of gastric juice (b) Tying of pancreatic duct affects diges

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