Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)
Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)Overview: Middle ear infection is one of the most common illnesses amongchildren. It is often caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Discharge from the ear is a symptom that requires immediate doctorvisit. A child with frequent ear infections may need a hearing test, testingspeech skills or others Breastfeeding a child in a recumbent position is one of the mostcommon risk factors. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of theinflammation.Introduction:Middle ear infection is most often caused by a bacterial or viral infectionaffecting the middle ear, which leads to the accumulation of fluid behindthe eardrum. This disease is one of the most common diseases inchildren, where it is more common than adults due to several factors,including: Shortness of the Eustachian canal (a thin tube extending from themiddle ear to the back of the nose) and thus the ease of transmission ofviruses and bacteria from the nose or pharynx to the middle ear and theoccurrence of inflammation. Immunodeficiency in children compared to adults makes them moresusceptible to infectious diseases in general.
Types of Middle ear infection (Otitis media) First type: Severe Middle ear infection:Caused by a bacterial or viral infection in most cases and may be due tocomplications of an infection of the upper respiratory tract or sinuses.These symptoms usually disappear by treating the pathogen. Second type: Middle ear infection with cold:The main cause of infection of this type is the accumulation of fluid andmucous secretions of the ear inside it due to several reasons, including:- Blockage of the Eustachian tube after infection in the upper respiratorytract and the occurrence of leaching and the accumulation of mucoussecretions inside the ear.- poor functioning of the Eustachian canal; usually due to cleft palate,frequent colds or air pressure shock. Third type: Chronic Middle ear infection:This type occurs as a result of delayed treatment of cases of acuteinflammation in the ear, which leads to the accumulation of fluid andsecretions for two weeks or more, thus forming wax that may reach theeardrum, with large amounts leading to discharge from the ear.Causes: Respiratory infection, such as a cold or flu. Allergy. Exposure to cigarette smoke. Inflammation of the adenoids or tonsils. For infants, it is due to the leakage of milk into the baby's ear duringfeeding.
Symptoms:In children: Pain in the ear, especially when lying down. Difficulty sleeping. Crying more than usual and pulling the ear. Not responding to sounds. Loss of balance Fever reaching 38 or more Ear discharge Loss of appetiteIn adults: Ear pain Difficulty sleeping. Ear discharge Weak hearing.When to see a doctor: If symptoms persist for more than one day. Severe ear pain. Discharge or blood from the ear. The presence of symptoms in a child aged less than 6 months. Difficulty sleeping when the child has a cold or other upper respiratorytract infections.Diagnosis:Ear infections are diagnosed based on the symptoms described, and yourdoctor is likely to use an otoscope in addition to: Middle ear efficiency test Acoustic reflection measurement (sound response).
Puncture the drum with a small needle to extract a sample ofinflammatory fluid into the inner ear.If your child has persistent ear infections or a persistent buildup offluid in the middle ear, your doctor may refer you to a hearingspecialist, speech therapist, or developmental therapist to test yourhearing, speech skills, or language comprehension.Risk factors: Children aged six months to two years. Breastfeeding a child in a recumbent position Seasonal diseases such as colds and flu. People suffering from seasonal allergies. Exposure to tobacco smoke and polluted air.Complications:Repeated infection and constant fluid accumulation can lead to someserious complications: weak hearing Delay in speech skills or development in children. Spread of untreated inflammation to nearby tissues.Treatment: If the infection is mild or viral, it is advisable to monitor the child and seea doctor regularly until the inflammation has passed. If the inflammation is recurrent and worsens over time, and thesymptoms are severe, the patient needs treatment and the doctor willdispense antibiotics if the cause of the infection is bacterial. It will betaken rally or as an injection. Make sure to give the child daily antibioticand do not stop until the end of the treatment course, even if thecondition improves.
If it is due to allergies, anti-congestive or anti-histamine ear drops mayhelp relieve symptoms.If the condition is difficult and does not respond to treatment withantibiotics, the doctor may have to make a hole in the eardrum to allowthe accumulated pleural fluid out of the ear.Prevention: During colds, it is preferable that patients, especially children, gettreated. Neglecting treatment may lead to middle ear infections. If a child suffers from recurrent middle ear infections (four or moretimes a year), he may need to take an antibiotic. It is important to closely observe the child’s health status especially if hesuffers from recurrent middle ear infections. It is essential that children get their routine vaccinations. Children must not be exposed to cigarette smoke, shisha and others(passive smoking). Keep the child away from ill people. Always make sure the baby’s head is a bit raised during nursing. Breastfeeding for at least 6 months boosts immunity and makes thebaby less susceptible to ear infections.Clinical Health Education DepartmentFor more information, please contact us by email on:Hpromotion@moh.gov.sa
Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media) Overview: Middle ear infection is one of the most common illnesses among children. It is often caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Discharge from the ear is a symptom that requires immediate doctor visit. A child with frequent ear infections may need a hearing test, testing speech skills or others .
eMedicine ped/1688 [9] emerg/350 [10] MeSH D010032 [11] Otitis externa (also known as "External otitis"[] and "Swimmer's ear"[]) is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Along with otitis media, external otitis is one of the two human conditions commonly called "earache". It
OTITIS MEDIA 9 LITERATURA 1. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics 2004 May; 113(5):1451-65. 2. Bradley-Stevenson C, O’Neill P, Roberts T. Otitis media in children (acute). BMJ 2007. Available at: PubMed
Acute otitis externa Acute otitis media with tubes or perforation Cholesteatoma Acute Otitis Externa 1. Rapid onset (generally within 48 hours) in the past 3 weeks AND 2. Symptoms of ear canal inflammation: Otalgia (often severe) Itching Fullness WITH OR WITHOUT hearing loss or jaw pain 3.
Furuncle of external ear. H60.00 Abscess of external ear, unspecified ear. H60.01 Abscess of right external ear. H60.02 Abscess of left external ear. H60.03 Abscess of external ear, bilateral. H60.1 Cellulitis of external ear. Cellulitis of auricle Cellulitis of external auditory canal. H60.10 Cellulitis of external ear, unspecified ear
whole middle ear space is the ear drum and the tympanic membrane the drum skin. 2.2.2. The Middle Ear The middle ear is an air filled space connected to the back of the nose by a long, thin tube called the Eustachian tube. The middle ear space houses three little bones, the hammer, anvil and
converts sound into electrical signals which are associated with the origin of impulses carried by nerves to the brain where their meanings are appreciated. Why Are More Children Affected by Otitis Media Than Adults? There are many reasons why children are more likely to suffer from otitis media than adults. First, children have more trouble
ICD-10 will replace ICD-9-CM as of October 1, 2014. There is a new rumor that ICD-10 will be bypassed with ICD-11. The problem with this . to document was that Steve has OM which is short for otitis media and the coder could select a code for simple OM. That code is 382.9 - Unspecified otitis media, Otitis media: NOS, acute NOS, chronic
Introduction to Qualitative Field Research 3 01-Bailey-(V-5).qxd 8/14/2006 6:24 PM Page 3. He observed, interviewed, and took photographs of them, even one of “Primo feeding cocaine to Caesar on the benches of a housing project courtyard” (p. 101). Purpose of Research and Research Questions Although all field research takes place within natural settings, it serves different purposes. It is .
