A Guide To Information And Identification Of Kansas Snakes
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionA Guide to Information andIdentification of Kansas Snakes
Where Do You Want to Begin?y List of Kansas Snakesy List of Douglas County Snakesy Identify Your Mystery Snakey Snake Factsy What is Your Snake IQ Quizy Non-native snakes sometimes seen in Kansas
List of 39 Kansas .19.20.21.Bull snake or Gopher snakeWestern rat snakeGreat plains rat snakeCoach whipEastern hognose snakeWestern hognose snakePlains milk snakeCommon king snakePrairie king snakeCommon garter snakePlains garter snakeCheckered Garter snakeLined snakeRibbon snakeBrown snakePrairie ring neck snakeWestern Worm snakeRing neck snakeEastern Glossy snakePlains Black headed snakeLong nose snake*22. Grahams crayfish snake23. Night snake*24. Rough earth snake25. Smooth earth snake26. Flathead snake27. Ground snake28. Northern Water snake29 . Diamond backed water snake30. Plain belly water snake31. Rough green snake32. Timber rattlesnake33. Massasauga rattlesnake34. Western rattlesnake35. Cottonmouth36. Copperhead37. New Mexico blind snake38. Eastern racer39. Redbelly snake** Protected: Endangered, threatened,or species in need of conservation
Douglas County .19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.Bull snake or Gopher snakeWestern rat snakeGreat plains rat snakeEastern hognose snakePlains milk snakeCommon king snakePrairie king snakeCommon garter snakePlains garter snakeLined snakeRibbon snakeBrown snakePrairie ring neck snakeWestern Worm snakeRing neck snakeGrahams crayfish snakeSmooth earth snakeFlathead snakeNorthern Water snakeDiamond backed water snakePlain belly water snakeRough green snakeTimber rattlesnakeMassasauga rattlesnakeCopperheadEastern racerRedbelly snake*
Snake Facts Kansas has 38 species of snakes. Only 5 species are venomous Only 2 kinds of venomous snakesregularly occur in Douglas County,copperheads and timber rattlesnakes. No one has died from a venomoussnakebite in Kansas for over 50 years
Did You Know?y Approximately 2500 different species of snakes are knownworldwide. Approximately 20 % of the total number of thesnake species are poisonous.y The rattlesnake's rattle consists of six to 10 layers of scales,which fail to shed and make that distinctive sound when the tailis shaken as a warning. Eventually the older segments willslough as the rattle lengthensy Snakes move slower than an adult human can run; the fastestrecorded speed achieved by any snake is about 13 km/hr (8mph), but few can go that fasty The greatest age known for any snake is just under 30 years,attained by both the anaconda and the black‐lipped cobra.
Snake Myths Snakes always travel in pairs. This is false. Exceptions to the rule: duringbreeding season (usually April-June) you may see males and females together Most venomous snakes can jump at least 2 feet. Remember - snakesdon't have legs! They can't jump Snakes spit. Not the ones in Kansas. The clumps of foam-looking spittlefound on blackberry bushes and vines in Kansas are often thought to be"snake spit," but the fact is, this foam is produced by Spittle Bugs. Snakes won't cross a hemp rope. Snakes don't care about ropes. They willcross anything they can get over.
Photos by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionThe Venomous Snakes of KansasWestern rattlesnakeTimber rattlesnake,Uncommon and protected species found inDouglas County. Found in wooded areas.Massasauga rattlesnakeFormerly known as the prairierattlesnake, it is common inwestern Kansas.A small rattlesnake most commonin central Kansas, only 2 recordsfrom Douglas CountyCopperheadThe most common venomous snake inDouglas county. Copperhead venom is weakand death is humans is almost unknown.Venomous snakesrarely find theirway into suburbanareas.withouthuman assistance.CottonmouthFound rarely, only in CherokeeCounty, KS
1.Snakes are unable to :A. TasteB. HearC. SleepD. Smell
2.a.b.c.d.Garter snakeA copperheadNorthern water snakeCottonmouth
Baby venomous snakes have venom of the same concentration asAdult snakes. They often lack experience in using it and emptytheir venom glands in each bite instead of conserving its use.
One of these snakes is a harmless mimic of theother, which is venomous. Which is the harmlessKansas snake?
Correct.B. Plains milksnakeThe plains milksnake belongs to the kingsnakefamily. It feeds mainly on other snakes and lizards.Themilksnake’s bands are red, black , yellow.It‘s bright colors are a mimic pattern of the venomousCoral snake, which is not found in Kansas, but fartherSouth. The coral snakes bands are red, yellow, black.
This snake plays dead whenthreatened:A. The possum snakeB. The checkered gartersnakeC. The gopher snakeD. The western hognosesnake
Back to menuCorrect!y The western hognose snake will roll over and twist itsbody as if it is dying. This behavior discouragespredators from eating it.
True or False:You can tell how old arattlesnake is bycounting the numberof sections on itsrattle.
False.y Rattlesnakes add a new section to their rattle eachtime they shed. They may shed up to 8 times a year.As they grow the older sections of the rattle break off.
What 2 things do lizards have thatsnakes do not?1. Legs and tails2. Eyelids and ears3. Teeth and claws
Correct! B. Eyelids and earsy Lizards have eyelids but snakes eyes are covered witha transparent scale.y Lizards can hear but snakes cannot. Snakes cannothear airborne sounds but sense vibrations through theearth .
True or False:A venomous snake can bite even afterdeath.
True!Snakes may bite through the reflex action of their jawseven after death. BE CAREFUL.
True or False?Some nonvenomous snakes are immune to the bites ofrattlesnakes and can prey on them.
Correct! Truey The family of kingsnakes which includes themilksnakes, prairie kingsnake and common kingsnakeare all immune to the bites of rattlesnakes andcopperheads and will prey on them for food.
True or False?Coachwhips roll in a hoopto escape whenthreatened.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionGopher SnakeAlso known as the bullsnake, thissnake is found throughoutKansas but is most common inthe central and western prairies.It feeds on a variety of rodents,including voles, rats, pocketgophers and young prairie dogs.Gopher snakes are the largestSnakes in Kansas reaching lengthsOf up to 8 ft. The are alsoconsidered to be the mosteconomically beneficial, as theyoften feed on rodents aroundgrain storage areas.
Western or Black Rat SnakeThe western rat snake is alargesnake found throughout thestate, but is common in theeastern Kansas woodlands andfrequents urban areas.Juvenile western rat snakes areboldly patterned, but darken asthey age. The abdomen is creamywhite.Its name both identifies itsfamily and it diet. In additionto rodents, the western ratsnake feeds on birds and theireggs. Its remarkable ability toclimbs permits it access tonests. These snakes have beenobserved climbing powerpoles.
CoachwhipThe long, slendercoachwhip varies incolor regionally fromlight gray to brown tonearly black in thewestern part of itsrange.It is found in thesouthern and westernprairie regions ofKansas.Coachwhips feed onbirds, bats lizards andother snakes.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionEastern Hognose Snakey The rare and secretive easternhognose has an amazingrepertoire of defensive behaviors.When disturbed it spreads itsneck in a posture like a cobra. Itwill spray musk vigorously ifpicked up, and will feign death ifthe interference continues.y It feeds mainly on frogs andtoads. Its cryptic camouflageallow it to blend into the forestfloor. It is often mistaken for atimber rattlesnake.
Great Plains Rat SnakeSmaller and more slender thanthe western rat snake, this snakeis the same species as the cornsnake, but wears a camouflagecolor pattern more suitable toKansas soils.This resident of Kansas prairiesfeeds on rodents.It is frequently misidentified andmistaken for the similarlyappearing massasaugarattlesnake and prairiekingsnake.The dark line from jaw to jaw andthrough the eyes identifies it .Juveniles are difficult to distinguishfrom rat snakes.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionPrairie KingsnakeAt first glance this prairiedweller resembles the greatplains rat snake and themassasauga rattlesnake.Its small head ,broad browntriangular patch on the headand broken eye line are thesigns to look for.Like most kingsnakes itprefers to eat other snakesand lizards, but also feeds onrodents.
Common KingsnakeThe beautiful and secretivecommon kingsnake can be foundmost often in the overlap habitatbetween woodlands andPrairies.Its boldly speckled black on creamor yellow backgroundgives it the alternate name“speckled kingsnake”.Like others of its family,its diet is primarily other snakesand lizards, as wellas rodents.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionPlains MilksnakeThis striking member of thekingsnake family resembles thevenomous coral snake (notfound in Kansas). Its red, blackand yellow banding are mentionto confuse predators intothinking that it is venomous.Like all kingsnakes, the plainsmilksnake eats other snakes,lizards, and small mice.The Plains milksnake is foundthrough Kansas.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionWestern Hognose SnakeThis gentle resident of thecentral Kansas prairies getsits name from the upturnedsnout it uses for digging intothe soft sandy westernKansas soils.Like the larger Easternhognose, it eats primarilyfrogs and toads. It alsoutilizes the same repertoireof dramatic defensesincluding the playing deadposture seen at left.This increasingly rare snakehas been a victim of theillegal pet trade.
Photos by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionTimber rattlesnakeThe background color of timberrattlesnakes can vary from brown togray. Its cryptic camouflage allows itto blend into woodland habitat.While its venom is the most potent ofany snake in Kansas,the timber rattlesnake is shy anddocile. This snake will bite onlywhen provoked.The dark zigzag pattern is similar toan eastern hognose. Timberrattlesnakes can reach lengths of upto 4o inches.They are found in Douglas County.This snake is rare and protected.
Western RattlesnakeAlso known as the prairierattlesnake, this commonvenomous snake of westernKansas has dark brown ovalpatches on a tan background.The color camouflages the snakeagainst the prairie soils.The nervous and territorialdisposition of this rattlesnakemakes it more inclined todefend itself when harassed.It is similar in appearance to thewestern hognose
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionMassasaugaRattlesnakeThis small prairie rattlesnakeranges from central to westernKansas from prairies to wetlands.Wearing the classic prairiecoloration, this snake can bemistaken for severalnonvenomous, but similarlooking snakes.Massasaugas feed on frogs,lizards, other snakes, and smallrodents.
Photo by Prairie Park Nature CenterCopperheadOne of Kansas’ most beautifulsnakes the copper and graybanding camouflages it perfectlyin its home in the easternwoodlands.The young copperhead carries abright green tail which it uses as alure for frogs and toads, itsfavorite food. It also feeds onsmall mice.The potency of the copperhead’s venom hasbeen greatly exaggerated. While capable ofproducing a painful injury, the bite of thecopperhead is not lethal to humans.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionPrairie RingneckThe prairie ringneck is themost common snake inKansas. This snake shows offits reddish orange belly whendisturbed.It is secretive, and commonlyhides under rocks and logs.The ringneck eatsearthworms.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionThe western worm snakestrongly resembles itsnamesake and favorite food.The bright pink underbellymakes it frequently mistakenfor an earthworm.The worm snake grows up to14 inches in length.This small snake is secretiveand often found under rocksand logs in wooded areas.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionBrown SnakeAlso known as the Texasbrown snake or DeKayssnake, this snake isfrequently misidentified asa baby copperhead orrattlesnake.It grows only 10 to 16inches in length and feedson earthworms, slugs andsnailsIt is found throughoutKansas in moist, woodedareas.
Photos by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionAll garter snakes have lines from head to tail. Frequently found inwetlands and moist areas of the prairies and woodlands.Common Garter SnakePlains Garter SnakeThe common garter snakefeeds on frogs, crawfish, fish,and insects.
The lined snake is frequentlyspotted in suburban gardens.The lines from head to tailresemble the garter snake butit lacks the checkboard patternon the side.Lined snakes feed on insects,The lined snake is very similarin appearance to Graham’scrayfish snake.
Photo by Suzanne L. CollinsUsed by permissionThe western ribbon snake isfound in the eastern half ofKansas near wetlands. It isidentified by its orangedorsal stripe on a blackbackground.The ribbon snake feeds onfrogs and fish.
Rough Green SnakeThe cryptic green color of the roughgreen snake makes it difficult tofind and observe in the wild.Feeding mainly on caterpillars andother insects, the green snakehunts in the shrubs along easternKansas wooded streamsides.This slender snake grows to lengthsof about 24 inches.
Graham’s Crayfish SnakeGraham’s crayfish snake isfound in the eastern twothirds of the state aroundwetlands, streams, andlakes.It feeds almost exclusivelyon crayfish as it’s namesuggests.It will grow up to 40 inchesin length.
Northern Water SnakeA common snake of lakes andwetlands, the northern watersnake is often mistaken for acottonmouth or copperheadbecause of its banding patternand aquatic preferences.The northern water snakefeeds on fish, frogs andcrayfish. It can grow tolengths of up to 45 inches.
Diamondback Water SnakeFound in the central and easternlakes and streams of Kansas,this large water snake feeds onfrogs, fish and crayfish.The netlike pattern on the backforms the appearance ofdiamond shapes.Like other water snakes, this isoften mistaken forcottonmouths and killedneedlessly.
Plainbelly water snakeThis large water snake is heavilypatterned when young but turnsdarker with age. It can growin excess of 50 inches.Like others of the Nerodia genus, itinhabits wetland area and feedsprimarily on, frogs, fish andcrayfish.This water snake may be found atsome distance from water sources.
Eastern RacerSometimes called the yellowbellied racer or “blue” racerdue to the color variations,this common prairie snake isheavily patterned as ajuvenile and solid gray greenas an adult.The eastern racer feeds on birds,bird eggs, lizards, frogs,snakes and insects.
Ring neck SnakeOur most common Kansassnake , the ringneck is aprairie inhabitant, feedingalmost entirely onearthworms . The redcoloration on its neck andbelly is a warning signalto possible predators.
CottonmouthThe cottonmouth is known to occuronly in Cherokee County and hasbeen found mainly along theArkansas River during times offlooding. This represents the mostnorthly part of its range.Many species of commonwatersnakes throughout are mistakenfor cottonmouths and killed each yearneedlessly.The cottonmouth’s mild venom issimilar to the copperhead’s. It cancause severe tissue damage butrarely results in death.
Snakes By HabitatyyyySnakes of the WoodlandSnakes of Lakes and WetlandsSnakes of the PrairiesSnakes of the Suburbs
Snakes By Sizey Big Snakes Over 25 inches adult sizey Medium Snakes 15 to 25 inches adult sizey Small Snakes 6 to 15 inches
Snakes by Color and PatternyyyyyyyGray and Brown Patterned snakesLined snakesBanded snakesGreen snakesBlack snakesSolid gray or brown snakesSnakes with red
The eastern or “yellowbellied” racer is a solidolive green snake ofslender build. Itsoccasional blue tint hasgiven it the nickname “blueracer”.The rough greensnake is found instreamsidebushes ineastern Kansas.It feeds mainlyon insects.Lined snakes are lined andpatterned on a dark green.background.
Prairie RingneckBlack headed snakeOur most commonKansas snake, it is solidgray on the back and abright orange‐redundersideThe only solid brownsnake found in Kansas.This snake is rare in itshabitat.Western WormsnakeLike its namesake, thissnake resembles anearthworm., gray on thetop and pink on theabdomen. It s diet isprimarily earthworms.The CottonmouthakaWater moccasinThis is one of the mostoften misidentifiedsnakes. I t has beenreported less than 20times in the state
Patterned SnakesGreat Plains Rat SnakeNorthern WatersnakeGopher snakePrairie KingsnakeWestern HognoseEastern HognoseTimber rattlesnakeWesternrattlesnakeMassasaugarattlesnake
Snakes With LinesGarter snakes haveyellow or cream coloredlines from nose to tail.There are several species.Graham’sCrayfishsnakeSlender glass lizardsare often mistaken forsnakes. They arefound in prairies.Lined snakeRibbon snakes arenamed for theribbon like linesfrom nose to tail.
Black SnakesWestern or black rat snakes arefrequently seen climbing trees,where they are searching for birdsand bird eggs. Young western ratsnakes are grey and brownpatterned.The common orspeckled kingsnake is abeautiful snake of theeastern Kansaswoodland‐prairieborders. They eat othersnakes and lizards.
Banded SnakesNorthern water snakeOften mistaken for a cottonmouthor copperhead, it is the mostcommon water snake around lakesand streams in Douglas CountyCopperheadCopperheads are found in moistwoodlands of eastern Kansas Theircoloration allows them to blendeasily against the forest floor.Plains MilksnakeA harmless mimic of the coral snake,(which is not found in Kansas) isfound in prairies throughout Kansas.
Snakes with RedPlains milksnakeCommon garter snakePrairie ringneck
Snakes of the PrairiesPrairie RingneckEastern RacerPrairie KingsnakeCoach whipGreat Plains rat snakeWesternGopher snakeMassasauga rattlesnakerattlesnakePlains MilksnakeWestern hognose
Snakes of Lakes & WetlandsNorthern watersnakeCottonmouthDiamondbackWatersnakeCommon gartersnakePlainbelly watersnakeGrahams crayfishsnake
Snakes of the WoodlandsTimber rattlesnakeCopperheadEastern hognoseWestern rat snakeCommon kingsnakeCommon garter
Snakes of the SuburbsWestern rat snakeLined snakeRingneck snakeBrown snakeCommon garter snake
Small SnakesWestern wormsnakeBrown snakeRing neck snakePlains milksnakeRough green snake
Medium Sized SnakesGreat Plains rat snakeWestern hognosePrairie kingsnakeCommon garter snakeEastern racerCommon kingsnakeLined snake
Big SnakesPlainbellywatersnakeGopher snakeWestern rat snakeTimber rattlesnakeCopperheadNorthernwatersnakeCoach whip
Non‐native snakes in KansasIn many counties and municipalities of Kansas it is illegal for individualsto keep venomous snakes or snakes in excess of 8 ft. These snakesare dangerous and may pose a threat to public safety. It is also illegal torelease non native snakes to the wild. Non native snakes released tothe wild may introduce disease or compete with native snakesyyEastern Diamond backedRattlesnakeIdentifying marks : yellow outlineddiamond patches, raccoon tail.Western DiamondbackRattlesnakeRounded patches withyellow outlines, raccoontail.
Snake Myths Snakes always travel in pairs.This is false. Exceptions to the rule: during breeding season (usually April-June) you may see males and females together Most venomous snakes can jump at least 2 feet.Remember - snakes
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