The Byzantine Empire - Weebly
One God, One Empire, One Religion
As Western Europesuccumbed to theGermanic invasions,imperial powershifted to theByzantine Empire (theeastern part of theRoman Empire).
Constantinoplebecame the solecapitol of theempire andremained so untilthe successfulrevival of thewestern empire inthe 8th century byCharlemagne.
The height of the first period of Byzantine history(324-632) was the reign of Emperor Justinian (r.537-565) and his wife Empress Theodora (d. 548)
The imperial goalin the East was tocentralizegovernment andimpose legal anddoctrinalconformity.One GodOne EmpireOne Religion
Justinian collated andrevised Roman law. HisCorpus Juris Civilis (body ofcivil law) had little effect onmedieval common law.However, beginning with theRenaissance, it provided thefoundation for mostEuropean law down to the19th century.
Religion as well as lawserved imperialcentralization. In 380,Christianity had beenproclaimed the officialreligion of the easternempire. Now all otherreligions wereconsidered “dementedand insane.”
Between the 4th and6th centuries, thepatriarchs ofConstantinople,Alexandria, Antioch,and Jerusalemacquired enormouswealth in the form ofland and gold.
The prestige andcomfort that theclergy enjoyedswelled the ranksof the clergy in theEastern Church.
Ideas thought to be heresies by the RomanCatholic Church received imperial support: Arianism denied that Father andSon were equal and coeternal. Monophysitism taught that Jesushad only one nature, a compositedivine-human one. Iconoclasm forbid the use ofimages (icons) because it led toidolatry.
During Justinian’sreign, the empire’sstrength was itsmore than 1,500cities. The largestwith 350,000inhabitants, wasConstantinople, thecultural crossroadsof Asian andEuropeancivilizations.
"Not since the world was madewas there . . . so much wealth aswas found in Constantinople.For the Greeks say that twothirds of the wealth of this worldis in Constantinople and theother third scattered throughoutthe world."--Robert of Clari, a French crusader whowitnessed the pillage of the city in 1204,describing Constantinople.
Between the 4th and5th centuries, councilswere made up oflocal wealthylandowners, whowere not necessarilyloyal to the emperor.By the 6th century,special governors andbishops replaced thecouncils and provedto be more loyal tothe emperor.
Justinian was an ambitious builder. His greatest monumentwas the magnificent domed church of Hagia Sophia (HolyWisdom), which was constructed in just five years (532-37).
The empire was at its height In 565, during Justinian’s reign. Itincluded most of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.
In the seventhcentury the empirelost Syria, the HolyLand, Egypt, andNorth Africa toinvading Islamicarmies.
The IconoclasticControversy,a movement that denied theholiness of religiousimages, devastated much ofthe empirefor over a hundred years.During the eighth and earlyninth centuries the use ofsuch images wasprohibited, but icons wererestored by 843.
The Byzantines calledupon the Europeanstates to push back theMuslim conquerors. TheEuropean statescomplied, successfullypushed back the Seljuks,returned territory to theByzantines, and carvedout kingdoms of theirown in Syria andPalestine.
in 1204, theCrusaders attacked,conquered, andpillaged the city ofConstantinople, agoal that theMuslims had beentrying achieve forcenturies
In 1453, the citywas finally andpermanentlyconquered by theOttoman Turks andrenamed Istanbul.Byzantine culture,law, andadministrationcame to its finalend.
Throughout the early Middle Ages, theByzantine Empire remained a protective barrierbetween western Europe and hostile Persian,Arab, and Turkish armies.The Byzantines were also a major conduit ofclassical learning and science into the Westdown to the Renaissance. While westernEuropeans were fumbling to create a culture oftheir own, the cities of the Byzantine Empireprovided them a model of a civilized society.
In 1453, the city was finally and permanently conquered by the Ottoman Turks and renamed Istanbul. Byzantine culture, law, and administration came to its final end. Throughout the early Middle Ages, the Byzantine Empire remained a protective barrier between western Europe and hostile Persian, Arab, and Turkish armies.
Byzantine Empire/Russia Notes . Byzantine Empire Geography What have I learned? The . capital. of the Byzantine empire was the city of Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire had been the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. Constantinople's . location. on the straits known as the Bosphorus or Dardanelles gave them access to important trade routes.
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
The Byzantine Empire and Islam Vocabulary 1. Byzantine Empire—eastern portion of the Roman Empire which lasted beyond the fall of the Western Roman Empire 2. Eastern Orthodox Church—Christian church which was created (in 1054) because of differences with Christianity in the Western Roman
The Byzantine Empire through Primary Sources DOCUMENT 4 Laws of Justinian (529-534CE) Besides the Hagia Sophia the other major accomplishment of the Roman's (of Byzantine Empire) during the reign of Justinian was the Corpus Juris Civilis (Justinian's Code).Which took centuries of built up Roman law and codified/standardized it for the empire.
