Eastern North Slope Oil Pipeline Design Basis

Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisRevision 2: 2 February 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0INTRODUCTION. 11.1Background . 11.2Pipeline Description . 11.3Facilities . 31.4Building within the Right-of-Way . 31.5Good Design Practice . 32.0GENERAL DESIGN AND CRITERIA . 32.1Fluid Properties and Characteristics . 32.2Facilities Description . 42.3Regulations, Standards and Codes. 53.0PHYSICAL FEATURES (CIVIL) . 73.1Topography/Oceanography . 73.2Climate/Meteorology. 83.3Geotechnical. 93.4Hydrology . 103.5Seismicity . 123.6Pipeline Right-of-Way Routing. 133.7Road Crossings. 143.8High Consequence Area Evaluation and Selection . 153.9Tie-Ins and Off-Takes. 154.0 STRUCTURAL. 164.1Vertical Support Members. 164.2Design Loads . 164.3VSM Configuration . 174.4Foundation Design. 174.4.14.5River and Stream Crossings . 194.5.14.5.24.5.34.65.0Pile Embedment. 19Scour. 19Ice Floes. 19Bank Mitigation. 20Antennas and Other High Structures . 20MECHANICAL . 21Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage ii of v

5.1Hydraulics . 215.2Surge Analysis . 215.2.15.3Eastern North Slope Pipeline Right-of-Way. 21Pipeline Design Loading Categories . nal Design Pressure . 22Surge Pressure . 22Temperature Differential . 23Dead and Live Loads . 23Design Wind Load. 23Earthquake Loads . 23Loss of Support. 23Wind-Induced Vibration. 24Pipe Stress Criteria . 245.4.15.4.2Allowable Stresses. 25Load Combinations. 255.5Configuration. 255.6Facilities . 285.7Material Selection . 286.0WELDING . 296.17.0Welding Criteria. 29INTEGRATED CONTROL AND SAFETY SYSTEM (ICSS) . 297.17.1.17.1.27.1.3General Description of ICSS. 29Process Control System (PCS) . 29Safety Instrumented System (SIS). 30Fire Detection System (FDS). 307.2Communication System . 307.3Leak Detection System. 307.4Fire Detection and Suppression System . 317.5Gas Detection System . 318.0 OPERATIONS . 318.1Flow Control . 318.2Pipeline Isolation . 318.3Pressure Monitoring and Relief . 318.4Start-up. 328.5Flow Constraints. 328.6Normal Operations. 328.7Planned and Unplanned Shutdown of Pipeline(s). 328.8Maintenance and Pipeline Removal . 33Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage iii of v

8.9Surveillance. 339.0 CORROSION CONTROL AND MONITORING. 339.19.1.19.1.29.2Corrosion Control Measures. 33Internal Corrosion. 33External Corrosion. 34In-Line Inspection. 34Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage iv of v

LIST OF ACRONYMS UCPVSMAmerican Institute of Steel ConstructionAmerican Petroleum InstituteAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersCode of Federal RegulationsCentral Production FacilityEmergency Shut DownFire Detection SystemGravitational AccelerationHigh Consequence AreasInternational Building CodeIntegrated Control and Safety SystemMaximum Allowable Operating PressureMaximum Allowable Working PressureMean Sea LevelOil Discharge Prevention and Contingency PlanProcess Control SystemStandard Cubic FeetShut Down ValveSafety Instrumented SystemSpecified Minimum Yield StressState Pipeline Coordinator's OfficeStock Tank BarrelTrans-Alaska Pipeline SystemTuned Vibration AbsorbersUnit Control PanelsVertical Support MembersEastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage v of v

1.0INTRODUCTIONThis document provides the basis for the design of the Eastern NorthSlope Oil Pipeline supporting the Pipeline Right-of-Way Lease Application.1.1BackgroundThe Eastern North Slope Oil Pipeline Right-of-Way ends near PumpStation 1. Its start point is located approximately forty-five (45) miles eastof the Prudhoe Bay field. Fields in this area are estimated to holdmoderate-to-large volumes of oil. The proposed Right-of-Way could servemany potential oil or gas-condensate fields. One example is PointThomson. The Point Thomson reservoir is estimated to contain in excessof eight (8 )trillion standard cubic feet (scf) and over four hundred (400)million stock tank barrels (stb) of condensate fluid. USGS estimates totalquantity of technically recoverable oil within the their ANWR assessmentarea is between 5.7 and 16.0 billion barrels (95-percent and 5-percentprobability range), with a mean value of 10.3 billion barrels.Produced gas, water, oil and/or condensate will be gathered from the wellpads and sent to a Central Production Facility (CPF), where condensate oroil will be separated from the production stream, stabilized to meet TAPSsales quality specifications and shipped via the Eastern North Slope OilPipeline to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Pump Station No. 1 area.1.2Pipeline DescriptionThe facilities to which this Design Basis pertains consist of the EasternNorth Slope Pipeline Right-of-Way, which begins at the central oilprocessing plants and terminates at a point of connection to the TAPSfacilities. The route is approximately forty-five (45) miles long and isillustrated in the route shown in Figure 1. The pipeline begins at thelocations described in the Lease Application, and ends at the isolationvalve adjacent to the tie-in to the Termination of the pipeline. The EasternNorth Slope Oil Pipeline will be insulated and installed above ground onvertical support members for its entire length.This Design Basis sets out the criteria and standards to which the EasternNorth Slope Oil Pipeline shall be built. The purpose of this document is toestablish an engineering baseline that will subsequently be used to use forfinal design of the pipeline. The Design Basis will be used to verify thatrequirements are met and that the pipeline will be engineered tostandards that meet modern codes, are appropriate for arctic climates,and protect Alaska State land and the environment.Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage 1 of 34

Figure 1Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage 2 of 34

1.3FacilitiesIt is anticipated that the pipeline will be above ground, with minorexceptions. However, there is a possibility that some river crossings will beburied and installed using either the trenching method or the HDD(horizontally directionally drilled) method. These water-crossing methodsare viable only for larger rivers, which have a sizable volume of thawed soilbeneath their beds.1.4Building within the Right-of-WayThe Eastern North Slope Pipeline and its engineering, construction,quality control, safety and environmental requirements can only bedescribed in general terms in this application, because its purpose is toserve oil fields that are only in the exploratory and conceptual stages.State regulations, procedures and practices will be relied upon to producea pipeline that meets applicable codes, standards and regulations, andensures integrity, safety, good operational and engineering practice, andprotection of the environment.1.5Good Design PracticeNothing in this document shall be interpreted to preclude good designpractice. Criteria, standard, code, calculation, regulation, or otherrequirements shall not result in engineering or construction thatcontravenes good practices, laws, codes or regulations, or a reduction insafety, efficacy or environmental protection.2.0GENERAL DESIGN AND CRITERIA2.1Fluid Properties and CharacteristicsThe composition of the materials shipped within the Eastern North SlopeOil Pipeline cannot be fully described at this time, since all developmentsare in conceptual or exploratory phases. Sales-quality crude oil will betransported via the pipeline. All crude oil will conform to the Trans-AlaskaPipeline System specifications, which provide for control of vapor pressureand a maximum BS&W of 0.35%.Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage 3 of 34

At the minimum, the following characteristics (as shown in Table 1) will bedeveloped for engineering and design:PHYSICAL FLUID PROPERTY VALUESMWEnthalpy (BTIJ/lb)Cp (BTIJ/lb- F)Density (lb/ft3)Thermal Conductivity (BTU/hr-ft- F)Viscosity (cP) at 0 psig and 100 FTABLE 1: Fluid Properties and CharacteristicsWhere appropriate, these values will either be in standard conditions (1atmosphere & 60 F) or in design operating conditions (temperature andpressure).Gas condensate will be considered a hydrocarbon fluid for purposes of thestress analysis. The gas pipeline code and associated coding within stressprograms assumes that the contents have negligible weight. Therefore, aliquid pipeline containing condensates must be stress-analyzed as a B31.4pipeline.2.2Facilities DescriptionThe facilities will commence at a defined point (e.g. butt weld or flangeconnection) on the shipping pump discharge piping downstream from theshipping pumps (or compressors), and include flow control and pressurerelief facilities. Any associated pig launcher and block valves and pipingare considered part of the subject facilities.The pipeline will be required to have facilities to launch and receive bothmaintenance pigs, such as cleaning, gauging and dewatering pigs) and ILI(In-Line Inspection) devices, such as smart pigs, geopigs and anomalydetection devices. Refer to Figure 2 for typical pigging facilities.The facilities will terminate at a defined point (e.g. butt weld or flangeconnection) at the tie-in between the Eastern North Slope Oil Pipeline andPump Station One. The pipeline and all associated VSMs between thepoints of commencement and termination of the subject facilities will beconsidered part of the facilities.Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage 4 of 34

Figure 2: Generic Pigging Facilities2.3Regulations, Standards and CodesThe pipeline and associated facilities will be designed in accordance with,but not limited to, the following regulations, standards and codes:Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, "Transportation," Part 195,"Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline," latest edition atthe time of construction, including the latest Addenda.ASME B31.4, "Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other Liquids," latest edition at the time ofconstruction, including the latest Addenda.American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), "Code of StandardPractice for Steel Buildings and Bridges," latest edition at the time ofconstruction, including the latest Addenda.AISC, "Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design," latestedition at the time of construction, including the latest Addenda.AISC, "Manual of Steel Construction, Load Resistance Factor Design,"latest edition at the time of construction, including the latestAddenda.American Society of Civil Engineers, "Minimum Design Loads forBuildings and Other Structures," latest edition at the time ofconstruction, including the latest Addenda.Eastern North Slope Oil PipelineDesign BasisPage 5 of 34