Design And Analysis Of OFDM System Employed In 5G MIMO Wireless .
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 2018Design and Analysis of OFDM System Employed in 5GMIMO Wireless Communication by using NI Hardware:USRP and Lab VIEW SoftwareRashmi YadavVibhav Kumar Sachan, PhDParvin KumarDepartment of Electronics &Communication EngineeringKIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, U.P, IndiaDepartment of Electronics &Communication EngineeringKIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, U.P, IndiaDepartment of Electronics &Communication EngineeringKIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, U.P, IndiaABSTRACTOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) hasturned into the adjustment procedure for some remotecommunication models. In a remote system, a flag transmittedinto channel ricochets off from different surfaces bringingabout multiple postponed forms of the transmitted flaglanding at the collector. The multiple signs are gotten becauseof the reflections from huge articles, diffraction ofelectromagnetic waves around objects. This makes the gotflag be contorted. OFDM gives resilience to such frequencyparticular channels and gives high information rates. In thispaper we propose to examine the hypothesis of OFDM,reproduce the OFDM handset utilizing Lab VIEW andperform FFT examination.KeywordsOFDM, FFT-OFDM, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G ,5G &Lab VIEW etc.1. INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of Mobile Communication NetworkThe mobile communication advancements are isolated intoages; a short review of these ages is given under below:1.1 1GThe original mobile communication which was presented in1980s depended on the simple system. The most well-knownsimple 1G system was advanced mobile phone system(AMPS) which was propelled in United States. Nordic mobiletelephone (NMT), total access communication system(TACS) and some other simple systems were likewisepresented in 1980s over the Europe. The greater part of themodels in 1G utilizes frequency adjustment strategies forvoice signals. The range inside cell was separated into numberof channels which was not effective regarding the accessibleradio range, and this set a constraint on the quantity of callsthat could be set aside a few minutes. Simple systemsdepended on circuit exchanging innovation and offers justvoice communication and no information communication.After the presentation of 1G innovation mobilecommunications have experienced noteworthy changes andexperienced gigantic development and the quantity ofsupporter came to about 20 million by 1990.1.1.1 Key features and facilities of 1G Based on analog system It supports data speed of up to 2.4kbps Cordless telephone Only voice, no information communication Low limit Poor handoff Less secure Poor voice connect1.2 2GA change to 1G communication appeared as 2G innovationwhich was presented in late 1980's and depended on low-bandcomputerized information flagging. In this simple innovationwas supplanted by Digital Access strategies, for example,TDMA (Time division multiple access) and CDMA (codedivision multiple access). The most mainstream 2G remoteinnovation is known as Global Systems for MobileCommunications (GSM). Global System for MobileCommunications, or GSM, utilizes TDMA innovation to helpmultiple clients. The TDMA separates informationtransmission, for example, a phone discussion, into sectionsand transmits each part in a short burst, doling out each piecea time space. With a PDA, the guest does not identify thisdiscontinuity. Amid advancement over 20 years, GSMinnovation has been ceaselessly enhanced to offer betteradministrations to its clients. GSM underpins 450 million cellsupporters, with international wandering in around 140nations and 400 networks.CDMA utilizes spread range innovation to separate discourseinto little, digitized portions and encodes them to distinguisheach call. The CDMA recognizes multiple transmissionsconveyed all the while on a solitary remote flag. It conveysthe transmissions on that flag, liberating network space for theremote transporter and giving without interference calls to theclient. The CDMA separates approaches a flag by codes,though TDMA separates them by time. The outcome in thetwo cases is an expanded network limit with respect to theremote transporter and an absence of interference for thevisitor.1.2.1 Key features and facilities of 2G Enhanced Spectrum productivity Provides information rate of up to 64kbps Improved system limit, and network scope Roaming office Voice and information administrations Enhanced security1.1.2 Essential disadvantages of 1G41
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 20181.2.2 Basic disadvantages of 2G It doesn't bolster high information rates. Weaker advanced flag Unable to deal with complex information1.3 3GThe 3G acquired incredible transformation mobilecommunication world. The 3G satisfies the determinations ofInternational Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000),the official International Telecommunication Union whichproposed to give remote access to global telecommunicationsystem. To meet the IMT-2000 principles, a system isrequired to give top information rates of no less than 200kbit/s. The most critical IMT-2000 recommendations are theUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) asthe successor to GSM. The UMTS utilizes the W-CDMA,TD-CDMA, or TD-SCDMA air interfaces in which WCDMAis the most prominent air-interface innovation for the UMTS.The primary segments incorporate BS (Base Station) orgesture B, RNC (Radio Network Controller), aside fromWMSC (Wideband CDMA Mobile Switching Center) andSGSN/GGSN.The W-CDMA gives extra points of interest of high exchangerate, and expanded system limit and communication qualityby factual multiplexing. The WCDMA uses proficiently theradio range, in light of the fact that the CDMA systemempowers every single base station to utilize a similarfrequency. In the WCDMA system, the information is partinto isolated bundles, which are then transmitted utilizingparcel exchanging innovation, and the bundles arereassembled in the right grouping at the beneficiary end byutilizing the code that is sent with every bundle. The UMTSsystems are intended to give a scope of information rates,contingent upon the client's conditions, giving up to 144 kbpsto moving vehicles, up to 384 kbps for walkers and up to 2Mbps for indoor or stationary clients. The3G fundamentallycentered around multimedia applications, for example, videocalling, videoconferencing for mobile phones, enhanced limit,world wandering, minimal effort, better similarity, fastinformation.(EUTRA) and advanced UMTS earthbound radio accessnetwork (EUTRAN). The essential engineering of LTEcontains a different IP availability layer for all the IP basedadministrations and Evolved Packet System (EPS) whichhandles the general communication strategy. LTE is totally anall IP based system. Since there are arrangements in LTE forinter-operation with existing systems, there are different waysaccessible to interface with LTE. An administrator with aGPRS/EDGE network or Non-3GPP systems can associatewith a LTE network. Because of this expanded adaptability,LTE is the decision of dominant part of operators around theworld. By utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess (OFDMA), LTE will have the capacity to givedownload rates of around 100 Mbps for multi-receptionapparatus (2x2), multiple-input multiple yield (MIMO) for themost elevated class terminals. For these terminals transfer rateis around 50 Mbps. In addition, it gives better portability,proficient radio use, abnormal state of security, adaptablerange use, decreased deferral/inertness, cost effective sendingand different favorable circumstances which make LTE moresolid and easy to use.1.4.1 Key highlights and offices of 4G High otherworldly productivity High voice quality Easily access internet, spilling media, video calling and soon Very low dormancy Simple convention design Efficient multicast/communicate1.4.2 Essential burdens of 4G Higher information costs for customers It is exceptionally costly and difficult to actualize Complex hardware Power use is more.1.3.1 Key highlights and offices of 3G Faster information rates Supports multimedia applications, for example, video andphotography Value included administrations like mobile TV, GPS (globalsituating system), video call and video conferencing. High speed mobile internet access Increased limit1.3.2 Fundamental hindrances of 3G Requires 3G perfect handsets The cost of moving up to 3G gadgets is costly Power utilization is high 3G requires nearer base stations which is costly.1.4 4GThe 4G is a developing innovation in the field ofcommunication. As the information prerequisites expanded,efforts were made to enhance the downlink and uplinkthroughput rates by utilizing higher tweak systems. ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) propelled the LongTerm Evolution (LTE) venture in November 2004 with aspecific end goal to guarantee the proceeded withaggressiveness of the UMTS later on. As LTE is consideredas the development of all inclusive mobile telephone system(UMTS), consequently LTE's comparable segments are alongthese lines named advanced UMTS earthly radio accessFig 1: Evolution of mobile communication network1.5 5 GAs the fifth era of remote innovation, known as 5G, is reliedupon to make the "network of networks"— which will conveyhigher data transmission and lower dormancy than at any42
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 2018other time—mobile network operators (MNOs) shoulddevelop in three essential ways:1.5.1 Densificationmuch of a stretch battle the impact of ISI [2], [4].2.1 OFDM WORKING PRINCIPLEDensification will be important to get network access nearerto singular clients—along city lanes, in structures andwherever in the middle. By including more radio wires, littlecell locales and in addition moving up to MIMO and area partinnovations, MNOs will be on track to offer velocities whichshould be no less than 10 times faster than the current 4Ginnovation.1.5.2 VirtualizationTo adequately oversee range, MNOs should move crafted byphysical hardware to virtualized conditions working in unifiedserver farms utilizing arrangements, for example, incorporatedradio access networks (C-RAN), network work virtualization(NFV) and cell virtualization.1.5.3 OptimizationIn the event that the Internet of Things (IoT) will be 20 billionin number by 2020, MNOs should plan their networks tooblige the extensive request by looking for more effectivenetwork arrangements, for example, drawing their processingassets nearer to the edge.With the vision of network innovation proceeding to develop,Communication Scope's understanding and concentrate onadvance can enable you to open the power and capability of5G.2. OFDMThe interest for fast remote applications and restricted RFsignals data transfer capacity is expanding step by step. Newapplications are rising in the wired systems, as well as in theremote mobile systems. At present, just low rate informationadministrations are accessible for mobile applications. Be thatas it may, there is an interest for high information rates formultimedia applications. In single bearer system, the symbolspan decreases with an expansion in information rate andtherefore the impact of Inter symbol Interference (ISI) turnsout to be more extreme. ISI, in remote communicationsystems, is created because of the memory of dispersiveremote channels [1]. When in doubt, the impact of ISI onmistake performance of the system is irrelevant, as long as thedefer spread is fundamentally shorter than the length of onetransmitted symbol [2]. This infers the symbol rate bolsteredby the communication system is essentially constrained byISI. In the event that the information rate surpasses thefurthest reaches of information transmission over the channel,an instrument must be executed with a specific end goal tobattle the impacts of ISI. Channel leveling strategies can beutilized to smother the echoes caused by the channel. Be thatas it may, such equalizers posture troubles continuouslysystems working at a few Mbps speed with reduced, easehardware. Multicarrier regulation strategies act the hero insuch circumstances. Multicarrier adjustment, and particularlyOFDM, is one of the promising hopefuls [3] that utilize anarrangement of subcarriers keeping in mind the end goal totransmit the information symbols in parallel over thecommunication channel. It enables the communication systemto transmit the information at a lower rate on multiplesubcarriers and the throughput of multicarrier system staysequivalent to the single transporter system. This enables us tooutline a system supporting high information rates, whilekeeping up symbol lengths any longer than the channelpostpone spread, consequently improving the requirement forcomplex channel evening out component and can withoutFig 2: Working Principle of OFDM SystemAs appeared in above figure, first the transmitted informationis carefully balanced utilizing adjustment plans. GenerallyQAM and PSK advanced tweak plans are utilized to regulatethe transmitted flag. The yield of the modulator is changedover in to parallel flag. By this system flag is transmittedthrough subcarriers which are orthogonal to each other Due toorthogonally property, sub channels are not covered to eachother, and ICI (Inter channel Interference) issue is diminished.The yield of the serial to parallel converter is then connectedto IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) .By utilizing IFFTthe otherworldly portrayal of the information is moved in totime area, which is significantly more computationallyproficient. The Cyclic prefix plot is utilized at the yield of theIFFT [5].2.2 SIMULATION MODELFFT based OFDM system modelOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) plotdepends on the multicarrier communications system. InOFDM the spectra of subcarriers cover on each other howeverthe frequency dispersing between them is chosen with the endgoal that the subcarriers are numerically orthogonal to eachother. Fig.3 demonstrates a piece outline of a fundamentalOFDM system. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) effectivelyexecuted by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is utilized tobalance and demodulate the information groups of stars on theorthogonal sub-transporters. This baseband flag handlingcalculation adequately replaces the bank of I/Q modulatorsand demodulators that would somehow or another be required[6]. An OFDM trans-collector is appeared in Fig.2 theopposite transform square can either be IDWT/IFFT orforward transform piece can be DWT/FFT. The informationgenerator utilized creates a bit stream. It is handled utilizingQPSK or M-ary QAM modulator to delineate information intosymbols. These symbols are currently sent through IFFTsquare to perform IFFT operation to create N parallelinformation streams. Its yield in discrete time area is given by,𝑋𝑘(𝑛) 1N𝑁 1j2πni)NX m (i)e(𝑖 0The transformed yield is presently affixed with cyclic prefix.The cyclic prefix (CP) is included before transmission, toalleviate ISI impact. It is typically 25% of the last piece of thefirst OFDM symbol and this information is gone throughAWGN channel with legitimate info control set. At the43
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 2018recipient, the invert operation is done to acquire the firstinformation back. The CP is expelled and handled in the FFTpiece lastly went through demodulator for informationrecuperation. The yield of the FFT in frequency area isoffered by, to create a baseband OFDM symbol, a serialdigitized information stream is first channel coded andafterward tweaked utilizing stage move keying (PSK) orquadrature adequacy balance (QAM). These informationsymbols are changed over from serial-to-parallel into Ninformation group of stars focuses before balancing thesubcarriers utilizing IFFT, where N is the quantity of IFFTfocuses. The time space OFDM regulated symbol yield of theIFFT is changed over back to a serial stream and a protectinterval as cyclic prefix is added to each OFDM symbol. Theessential heartbeat shape for the symbols is rectangular whichhave substantial data transmission because of its sinc formedrange. Accordingly windowing is important to lessen the outof band vitality of the side projections. At that point thesymbol stream is changed over to simple form for pass-bandhandling and transmission. The collector performs the correctinverse of the transmitter. After pass-band preparing at the RFfront-end, the baseband handling will be performed.4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONThe USRP Hardware Driver (UHD) software API supportsapplication development on all USRP SDR products. Using acommon software interface is critical as it increases codeportability, allowing applications to transition seamlessly toother USRP SDR platforms when development requirementsexpand or new platforms are available. Hence, it enables asignificant reduction in development effort by allowing you topreserve and reuse your legacy code so you can focus on newalgorithms. For more detailed information please visit ourknowledge based article on UHD.UHD also offers cross-platform support for multiple industrystandard development environments and frameworks,including RFNoC, GNU Radio, and LabVIEW and Matlab/Simulink. And to ensure you have no restrictions on howyou use UHD, it is available on Linux, Windows, and MacOS.In fig 5.We have shown OFDM transmitter parametersOFDM design implements a complete parameter with devicename 192.168.10.3, 1Q rate 5M, coerced IQ rate 5M, carrierfrequency 910M, active antenna TX1, gain 9, number ofbits 1250 and outgoing size 1600 over FFT channelbandwidth. This combination of parameters makes for anideal baseline waveform to experiment with, as it does notimpose too many constraints on the RF section.IQ rate: I/Q data shows the variation in magnitude (oramplitude) and phase of a sine wave. If amplitude and phasechanges happen in an order, defined way, we can use theseamplitude and phase changes to generate information upon asine wave, a process known as modulationFig 3: FFT-Based OFDM SystemCoerced IQ rate returns the actual I/Q rate, in samples persecond (S/s), for this session, coerced to the capabilities of thedeviceThis incorporates protect interval evacuation and serial-toparallel change before the FFT demodulation. Besides,synchronization and channel estimation are improved thesituation interference free subcarrier demodulation utilizingFFT and furthermore group of stars deciphering [7].3. OFDM IMPLEMENTATIONIn the fig. 4 shows the working setup of OFDM systemimplementation using LabVIEW software and USRPhardware.Fig 5: OFDM transmitterFig 4: Working Setup44
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 2018Fig 6 shows the Plotting of outgoing constellation betweenamplitude and time in OFDM transmitter.antenna RXI , gain 3 and number of samples 1500.Fig 6: Outgoing constellation between amplitude and timeFig 7 shows the FFT plotting of amplitude and time in OFDMtransmitter.Fig 9: OFDM receiverFig 10 shows the FFT plotting between amplitude and time.Maximum amplitude is 0.005 at 130.Fig 7: FFT plotting between amplitude and timeFig 8 shows phase plotting of amplitude and time.Fig 10: FFT plotting at receiverFig 11 shows the pattern of unequalized data betweenamplitude and time, which is not showing a exact point value.Fig: Phase plotting at transmitterFig 9 shows the receiver parameter in which we have taken IQrate 5M , coerced IQ rate 5M , carrier frequency 910M, active45
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 180 – No.14, January 2018technology of this era, can solve this problem significantly.This paper has provided an analysis of OFDM behaviors,principles and analyzed different techniques error reductionand frequency offset estimation that improve performance ofOFDM for wireless communications. However, otherliterature shows that OFDM has a strong anti-multi pathinterference capability in a high-speed data transfer conditionsand have also high spectral efficiency. The paper has alsoexplored a brief overview of OFDM applications for wirelesscommunications. Lastly the simulation results found with thehelp of working setup of OFDM system implementation usingLabVIEW software and USRP hardware which conclude thesuccessful transmission and reception of information bit using4 QAM techniques with equalized data and amplitude afterOFDM receiver.6. FUTURE WORKFig 11: Unequalized dataFig 12 shows the phase value graph between amplitude andtime.Wireless communication system is a vast field to work on andthe number of generations being developed one by one andsome of the improved functions in them, in each subsequentgeneration that led to the growth and development of society.Returning to 4G, he provides the usual voice and the transferof other services on the 3G network, and then includes abroadband service along with any other service asdevelopment in 4G. Then 5G is completely independenttechnology and does not define the number of services it willprovide in the future.The finding of this thesis will provide a methodology todesign OFDM system with LabVIEW software and USRPhardware. This is estimated that the various challenges toimplement 5G technique will be meet out and the current andfuture requirement will be solved7. REFERENCESFig 12: Phase plotting at receiverFig 13 shows the equalized data graph between amplitude andtime, in equalized graph we can generate values at any pointand we get exact value of sending QAM constellation points.And check amplitude at different values of time.[1] Simon, M.K., Alouini M.S., Digital Communication overfading channels, 2nd edition, wiley, new york, 2005. [23]li y., stüber g.l., orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing for wireless communications, springerverlag, 2006.[2] Schulze h., luders c., theory and applications of ofdm andcdma: wideband wireless communications, wiley, 2005.[3] Van nee r., prasad r., ofdm for wireless multimediacommunications, artech house, 2003.[4] Schulze h., luders c., theory and applications of ofdm andcdma: wideband wireless communications, wiley, 2005.[5] Helmut bolcskei,eth zurich “mimo-ofdm wirelesssystems:basics, perspectives, and challenges” ieeewireless communication, august 2006.[6] Mrs. Veena m. B. Dr. M. N. Shanmukhaswamy,“performance analysis of dwt based ofdm over fft basedofdm and implementing on fpga” international journal ofvlsi design & communication systems (vlsics) vol.2,no.3, september 2011.[7] Swati sharma, sanjeevkumar, “ber performanceevaluation of fft-ofdm and dwt-ofdm” internationaljournal of network and mobile technologies issn 22299114 electronic version vol 2 / issue 2 / may 2011.Fig 13: Equalized data at receiver5. CONCLUSION[8] S.gupta, parvin kumar kaushik and s.k sharma “a reviewon mobile technology evolution, rof and rofsosystem”27th sept 2015.The demand for high data rate wireless communication hasbeen increasing dramatically over the last decade. OFDM,which is the most emerging multi-carrier modulationIJCATM : www.ijcaonline.org46
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as the successor to GSM. The UMTS utilizes the W-CDMA, TD-CDMA, or TD-SCDMA air interfaces in which WCDMA is the most prominent air-interface innovation for the UMTS. The primary segments incorporate BS (Base Station) or gesture B, RNC (Radio Network Controller), aside from
simulations, BER v/s E b /N o curves are simulated to analyze the performance of OFDM using 4 PSK, 8 PSK and 16 PSK modulation techniques. MATLAB software is used for programming and realizing the OFDM system. modulation techniques are called M Index Terms -OFDM, BER, OFDM using MPSK, MPSK, 4 PSK, 8 PSK, 16 PSK. 1.
A survey on the contribution of OFDM techniques on RF and LiFi systems is an initial, but it is an indispensable stage to our contributions among many research directions. The benefits of OFDM technology to show an overview of the advantages of OFDM technique with RF syste
approach and focuses on the design of a control channel that is tailor-made for an NC-OFDM-based data plane. In particular, we discuss the design and implementation of a low-power CDMA-like underlay control channel (UCC) for each link that is designed specifically with the needs of NC-OFDM in mind. Control channel design for cognitive networks .
3 DESIGN CONCEPT OF OFDM-BASED COGNITIVE RADIO AD-HOC NETWORK 3.1 Overview 41 3.2 Spectrum Sensing on Multi-channel Design Approach 42 3.3 Synchronization Design Approach 45 3.4 Spectrum Management Design Approach 45 3.5 OFDM-based on GNU Radio 47 3.6 Development of OFDM-based CR System on Ad-Hoc 47 Network 3.6.1 CR System Model 50
transmitter design with adequate dispersion compensation for high data rate of 10Gbps, MIMO-OFDM system design and receiver design. . The MATLAB code deals with the wireless part of this project. The output of the OPTIWAVE is a binary signal which is fed as an input to the MATLAB code for MIMO-OFDM .
SNR And BER Analysis For Multiple Antenna System Using OFDM DOI: 10.9790/2834-1104025156 www.iosrjournals.org 52 Page Phase shift keying) are some of the earlier and traditional modulation scheme in which only single carrier is used for modulation and information is modulated over a single carrier.OFDM, on the other hand is a multi-carrier .
the BER performance of the MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) OFDM system for AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) Channel, Rayleigh Fading Channel along with a simulation channel using different modulation technique. Also the result of the analysis suggest for the better technique in order to improve the BER characteristic of the MIMO-OFDM .
Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMAX. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the OFDM waveform and then reviews the ro-bustness of the existing OFDM waveform in the presence of noise, multipath fading, and interference. The paper then moves on to . nization in the
