Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide - 2nd Edition
SaskatchewanInvasive Plant SpeciesIdentification GuideSecond Edition
Ta b l e o f Co n t e n t sPlant Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Diagrams of Plant Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Plant Species Listings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6GrassesDowny brome - Bromus tectorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Japanese brome - Bromus japonicus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Yellow Flowered PlantsAbsinthe wormwood - Artemisia absinthium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Wild parsnip - Pastinaca sativa L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Common tansy - Tanacetum vulgare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Dalmatian toadflax - Linaria dalmatica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Yellow toadflax - Linaria vulgaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Leafy spurge - Euphorbia esula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Yellow star thistle - Centaurea solstitialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Purplish Flowered PlantsCanada thistle - Cirsium arvense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Nodding thistle - Carduus nutans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Field scabious - Knautia arvensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Purple loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Dames rocket - Hesperis matronalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Pink Flowered PlantsCommon burdock - Arctium minus subsp. minus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Salt cedar - Tamarix spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Spotted knapweed - Centaurea maculosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Russian knapweed - Acroptilon repens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Red bartisia - Odontites serotina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25White Flowered PlantsDiffuse knapweed - Centaurea diffusa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Baby’s breath - Gypsophila paniculata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Field bindweed - Convolvulus arvensis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Hoary cress or white top - Cardaria draba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Poison hemlock - Conium maculatum L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Scentless chamomile - Matricaria perforata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Hoary alyssum - Berteroa incana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Ox-eye daisy - Chrysantheum leucanthemum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Orange/Red Flowered PlantsOrange hawkweed - Hieracium aurantiacum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide
SaskatchewanInvasive Plant SpeciesIdentification GuideThe inspiration to develop aprovince-wide guide to invasivespecies was originally providedby The Frenchman Wood RiverWeed Management Area (JulieMcKenzie), Grasslands NationalPark, and other collaboratorswith the publication of InvasivePlant Species Guide for SouthernSaskachewan. This guide toinvasive weeds in the southernregion of Saskatchewan wassubsequently revised andexpanded to create the firstedition of Saskatchewan InvasivePlant Species IdentificationGuide with the support of theSaskatchewan Forage Counciland its partners. This guide isto be used as a tool to helpidentify invasive plant species inSaskatchewan. An invasive plantspecies is a non-native plantthat, because of its growth andreproductive characteristics, canadapt to one or more habitats veryquickly and proliferate, expanding inrange. An invasive plant species hasa negative economic, ecological,and/or aesthetic effect. TheInvasive Plant Species IdentificationGuide for Saskatchewan has beendesigned for agricultural producers,land managers, and visitors toSaskatchewan. Producers and landmanagers play an important rolein invasive species management asthey are on the ground everyday,acutely aware of changes on thelandscape. Visitors to the area oftenhave a keen eye for the vegetationthey are seeing. Visitors need to beaware of the threat invasive speciespose so that these plants are notbrought into, spread around ortransported out of the area.Invasive species are a growingthreat to the integrity of nativeprairie. Native prairie is hometo many important and/orrare plants and animals.Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 1Introduction2018 Introduction
The plants that make up nativeprairie work together to storecarbon, maintain water andnutrient cycling, and build soil.Invasive species can upset thisbalance. Invasive species havebeen identified as the secondlargest threat to biodiversity(after fragmentation).The invasion of non-nativespecies in haylands, tame forage,gravel pits, riparian areas,roadsides and cropland affectthe function of these habitatsand can cause a downgrade intheir usefulness. All of thespecies included in this guideare a threat to Saskatchewan.Prevention of invasive speciesis the most cost effective andenvironmentally responsiblemanagement tool. Do nottransport hay, soil, or plants froman area with known infestationsto an uninfested area. Do notseed contaminated seed. Manyinvasive species require somedisturbed soil to establish.Keeping permanent coverin a healthy range conditionminimizes the amount of habitatan invasive species can colonize.Control new infestations incultivated fields when they arefirst noticed. Wash or checkclothing, pets, horses, livestock,equipment and vehicles for plantparts or seeds before coming intoor leaving a new area.Early identification increases thechances of eradication. Take thetime to identify that plant thatlooks out of place, you’ve neverseen before, or has suspiciouslyshown up. It could save youor your neighbours time andmoney in the long run!Some of the invasive plants inthis guide have not yet beenidentified in Saskatchewan, orhave only been noted in veryisolated populations. Theyhave been included in thisguide so that if they are found,rapid identification and controlmeasures can take place prior toan invasion. If you identify one ofthese invasive plants contact theProvincial Weed Control Specialistat 306-787-4673.If you identify an invasive plantspecies consult with your localRural Municipality, your localWeed Management Area, aProfessional Agrologist, orthe Saskatchewan Ministryof Agriculture - AgricultureKnowledge Centre at1-866-457-2377.Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 2
RosetteRosette inseedling yearMulti-stemmedShrub or treeHighlybranchedBranchedSlightlybranchedNot branchedLow andspreadingNarrow withdrooping seedheadThe shape of a plant can be used as a distinguishing characteristic—setting it apart from other plants. Some plants can have more thanone shape depending on their life cycle, habitat, or the climate.Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 3Plant ShapesPlant Shapes
Diagrams of Plant PartsPlant PartsLeaf PartsGrass Plant PartsSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 4
Shapes of Simple art-shaped)OvalOvateReniformObovate (Shield-shaped)Types of Divided atelyLobedEven InterruptedlypinnatepinnatePalmatelyMuch DigitateSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 5
Pla nt Sp e cie s L is t i n g a n d M a na g e m e nt M et h o dsPlant Species Listing and ManagementPlant Species ListingIn Saskatchewan, plant speciesare designated as prohibited,noxious or nuisance in the WeedControl Act.It is required that prohibitedweeds be eradicated and prevented from further spread.Isolated noxious weed infestations shall be eradicated andestablished noxious infestations shall be contained andcontrolled.Prohibited and noxious weedspose a threat of invasion, rapidspread and difficulty in control.The designation of species isidentified on each page withthese symbols.PNProhibitedNoxiousBiological control is using theinvasive plant’s natural enemies.These may include insects,bacteria or fungal parasites.Chemical control is applyingthe appropriate herbicide to theinvasive plant. Always followlabel directions and consult thecurrent Guide to Crop Protection.Targeted grazing is the grazing oflivestock to accomplish specificmanagement objectives.Physical control is using a manualor mechanical operation toremove the problem weed.The appropriate integratedcontrols will vary depending onthe physical characteristics ofthe weed species. The controlmethods of each species isidentified on each page withthese symbols.Management MethodsBiologicalThere are many methods thatcan be used to manage invasiveplant species. Integratedmanagement involves utilizingmultiple methods to improveeffectiveness.ChemicalTargeted GrazingPhysicalSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 6
Downy Brome – B romus tec torumAlso Known As: cheatgrass, thatchbromegrass, early chess, downy chessGeneral Description: hairy, purplishtinged winter or summer annual grasswith fibrous roots; often growing indense patches; seed spikelets droopto one sideLeaves: 0.75 to 6 inches (1.9 to15.2 cm) long, green; soft hairs on thetop and bottom of leaf; lacks auricles,but has a jagged 0.04 to 0.12 inch(0.1 to 0.3 mm) long hairless liguleStems: slender, upright, hairy; leaf sheathhas long hairs; often purplish tingedHeight: 3 to 24 inches (7.6 to 61 cm) tallFlower: drooping, spreading spikelets (of 4 or more seeds) on slendertwisting branches; droops to oneside; rough 0.38 to 0.75 inch (1.0 to1.9 cm) long straight to slightly bentawns; purplish tingedHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,yard sites, cropland, waste areas androadsidesTime of Flowering: heads outin May through June with seed setshortly thereafterKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):similar to Japanese brome (Bromusjaponicus), distinguishable by smallerseeds, lack of silky hairs on the ligule,straight to slightly bent awns and amore spreading appearance of thedrooping seed headsImpact: displaces native vegetation,reduces crop yields and increases risksof wildfire; awns can cause injury tograzing livestockPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 7Downy BromeN
NJapanese Brome - Bromus japonicusJapanese BromeAlso Known As: Japanese chess, fieldbromeGeneral Description: hairy, purplishtinged, winter or summer annual grasswith fibrous roots; often growing indense patches; drooping, compact,flattened seed spikeletsLeaves: 1.5 to 6 inches (3.8 to 15.2 cm)long, green; soft hairs on the top andbottom of leaf; lacks auricles, but hasa jagged 0.02 to 0.08 inches (0.05 to0.2 cm) long hairy liguleStems: slender, upright, hairy; leafsheath has long hairsHeight: 3 to 27 inches (7.6 to69 cm) tallFlower: slightly drooping spikelets(of 4 or more seeds) on slender twisting branches; rough 0.38 to 0.75 inch(1.0 to 1.9 cm) long sharply bentand/or twisted awns; purplish tingedHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,yard sites, cropland, waste areasand roadsidesTime of Flowering: heads outin May through June with seed setshortly thereafterKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):similar to downy brome (Bromustectorum) – distinguishable by silky hairson the ligule, compact appearanceof slightly drooped seed heads, andsharply bent and/or twisted awnsImpact: displaces native vegetation,reduces crop yields and increases risksof wildfire; awns can cause injury tograzing livestockPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 8
A bsinthe Wor mwood – A r temisia absinthiumAlso Known As: absinthe, wormwood, wormwood sageGeneral Description: greenish-grey,multi-stemmed perennial with tap rootgrowth; top growth dies back yearlyLeaves: 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm)long, greenish-grey, silky haired;divided into deep segments or lobes;on long stalks near base—shorterhigher up the stem; alternate onthe stemStems: woolly, grooved, greenishgrey; many stems come from basalrosetteHabitat: tame forage, waste areas,yard sites, cropland, roadsides andgravel pitsTime of Flowering: late July throughSeptemberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):strong sage-like odour; divided andsilky haired leaves on stems from arosetteImpact: competes with othervegetation; taints hay (not palatableto livestock)Height: up to 60 inches (152 cm) tallFlower: small yellowish tubularflowers in clusters; flower clusters0.08 to 0.12 inches (0.2 to 0.3 cm) indiameter; inconspicuous and plentifulPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 9Absinthe WormwoodN
NWild Parsnip – Pastinaca sativaWild ParsnipAlso Known As: poison parsnipGeneral Description: biennial orshort-lived perennial with a thickwhite to pale yellow taproot; flattopped umbel flowering structureLeaves: first year leaves are a compactrosette close to the ground; secondyear leaves up to 16 inches (40 cm)in length; alternate, compound with15 leaflets; margins severely toothedor lobed.Stems: round and grooved; lightlyhairy; branched at upper nodesHabitat: tame forage, sunny openareas, waste areas, roadsidesTime of Flowering: May throughSeptemberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):yellow umbel flowers; sharply toothedleavesImpact: competes with othervegetation; sap contains chemical thatcan cause skin burns, blisters or rashesafter exposure to sunlightHeight: erect; up to 60 inches(152 cm) tallFlower: small yellow flowers formflat-topped umbels at the top ofthe stemPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 10
C o m m o n Ta n s y – Ta n a c e t u m v u l g a r eAlso Known As: garden tansy, yellowbuttonsGeneral Description: aromatic,perennial with tap and creeping rootsystem; rhizome root growth; distinctflat-topped, yellow button-like flowersLeaves: 4 to 8 inch (10.2 to 20.3cm) long, green, almost fern-like; onshort stalks, with jagged, deeply lobedsegments; strong smelling; alternateon the stemHabitat: riparian areas, tame forage,native prairie, roadsides, waste areasand gravel pitsTime of Flowering: July throughSeptemberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):Button-like flowers (daisy withoutpetals) and sharply toothed leavesImpact: chokes out other vegetation;although generally avoided bylivestock, if consumed, it can haveStems: slightly branched, often purplish- toxic effects ranging from none toabortions and in very rare cases deathred, dotted with small glands; manybranches grow from the same rootstockHeight: 18 to 36 inches (46 to91 cm) tallFlower: yellow, daisy-like withoutpetals; grouped on the tops of the plantsPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 11Common TansyN
Dalmatian ToadflaxPD a l m a t i a n To a d f l a x – L i n a r i a d a l m a t i c aAlso Known As: butter and eggs,wild snapdragon, Linaria genistifoliaspp. dalmaticaHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,cropland, yard sites, roadsides andgravel pitsGeneral Description: perennialwith tap root and creeping rootsystem; snapdragon-like flowerheads; produces clear to slightlymilky juice when leaves or stemsare brokenTime of Flowering: late Junethrough August, possibly intoSeptemberLeaves: 0.75 to 2.4 inches (1.9 to6.0 cm) long, waxy green, hairless;heart-shaped and clasping the stem;alternate on the stemKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):broad, heart-shaped leaves whichclasp the stem; snapdragon-like yellowflowers; grows in diffuse patchesImpact: chokes out other vegetation;can hybridize with yellow toadflaxStems: slightly branched with woodybase and thick waxy coatingHeight: 15 to 48 inches (38 to122 cm) tallFlower: light yellow; snapdragon-likewith prominent spur at the flowerbase; located along the upper portionof the stems in a spike like clusterPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 12
Ye l l o w To a d f l a x – L i n a r i a v u l g a r i sAlso Known As: butter and eggs,Jacob’s ladder, wild snapdragonGeneral Description: perennial withtap root and creeping root systems;snapdragon-like flower heads;produces clear to slightly milky juicewhen leaves or stems are brokenLeaves: 0.75 to 4 inches (1.9 to10.2 cm) long; pale to silvery-green(waxy), hairless; long and lanceshaped on short leaf stems; alternate,but can appear almost opposite whencrowded on the stemStems: hairless and woody red atbase; slightly hairy and green near topHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,cropland, yard sites, roadsides andgravel pitsTime of Flowering: late Junethrough August, possibly intoSeptemberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):long, narrow, alternate leaves on shortleaf stems; snapdragon-like flowers;grows in dense patchesImpact: chokes out other vegetationand is slightly toxic to livestock; canhybridize with dalmatian toadflaxHeight: 4 to 36 inches (10.2 to91 cm) tallFlower: light yellow with orange centers;snapdragon-like with prominent spurat the flower base; in spike-like clustersalong the upper portion of the stemsPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 13Yellow ToadflaxN
NLeaf y Spurge – Euphorbia esulaLeafy SpurgeAlso Known As: spurgeGeneral Description: perennial withtap root and creeping root system;single stem plant grown in a cluster;distinct yellowish-green bracts emergein June on plant topsLeaves: 0.25 to 1.5 inches (0.6 to3.8 cm) long, green, hairless; long andlance-shaped; alternate on the stemStems: hairless, pale green toblue-greenHeight: 6 to 36 inches (15 to91 cm) tallFlower: inconspicuous, yellowishgreen; small, less than 0.12 inches(0.3 cm) wide, lacks petals; flowerssit within clustered, showy yellowishgreen bracts on plant topsHabitat: riparian areas, tame forage, native prairie, coulees, cropland,roadsides, yard sites, waste areas andgravel pitsTime of Flowering: bracts appearin early June; true flowers appear endof June and continue to flower intothe fallKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):milky latex sap is produced whenstems or leaves are brokenImpact: chokes out other vegetation;can be toxic to cattle and horsesPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 14
Ye l l o w S t a r T h i s t l e – C e n t a u r e a s o l s t i t i a l i sAlso Known As: Barnaby’s thistle,yellow cockspurGeneral Description: winter annualwith deep tap root; yellow flower headsurrounded by a star of long sharp thornsLeaves: basal leaves generally 2 to3 inches (5.0 to 7.6 cm) long anddeeply lobed; long and narrow shapedupper leaves attach to wings runningdown the sides of stemStems: stiff, upright stems arecovered in fine woolly silvery hair;grey-green to bluish-greenHeight: 2 to 72 inches (5 to 183 cm)tall, with an average of 12 to 36 inches(30 to 61 cm) tallFlower: yellow, tubular; flower headssit on stem tips within bracts withsharp 0.25 to 2.0 inch (0.64 to 5.0 cm)long golden-coloured thorns arrangedaround the flower head in a star shapeHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,cropland, waste areas, roadsides andgravel pitsTime of Flowering: late Junethrough AugustKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):star shape arrangement of sharpgolden-coloured thorns on flowerbractsImpact: chokes out desiredvegetation; high water consumer;thorns can injure livestock andwildlife; fatally toxic to horses ifconsumedPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 15Yellow Star ThistleP
NCanada Thistle – Cirsium ar venseCanada ThistleAlso Known As: California thistle,field thistle, creeping thistleGeneral Description: perennialthistle with tap root and extensivecreeping root system; grows inpatches which can spread quickly;plants are either male or femaleLeaves: numerous, light to dark green,hairless to cobwebby undersides; longwith irregular shaped spine-toothedlobes; alternate on the stemStems: slightly prickly, wingless; lightto dark greenHeight: up to 48 inches (122 cm) tallFlower: rose-purple to pink-white,tubular; flower heads numerous, upto 0.75 inches (1.9 cm) wide; male(globe-shaped) and female (flaskshaped) flower heads on separateplants; sits within almost spinelessbracts on the ends of branchesHabitat: riparian areas, tame forage,native prairie, fence rows, waste areas,yard sites, cropland, roadsides andgravel pitsTime of Flowering: throughoutsummerKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):small flower heads and green, winglessbut prickly stems; spines only on leafedges; male and female flowers arefound on different plantsImpact: chokes out other vegetation;new plants can grow from rootsegmentsPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 16
Nodding Thistle – Carduus nutansAlso Known As: musk thistle, plumeless thistleHabitat: tame forage, native prairie,roadsides, waste areas and gravel pitsGeneral Description: biennial withlong tap root; nodding flower headson top of slightly branched plantTime of Flowering: July throughSeptember in the 2nd year of growthLeaves: up to 16 inches (41 cm) long,dark green, with deep, light greenmidrib and spiny toothed edges;deeply lobed in an irregular fashion;alternate on the stemStems: small spiny wings along thestem; very few branches; stems nakeddirectly below the flower headsKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):nodding flower heads; outer bractsbent at right angles to the flowerheads; naked stems directly belowthe flower headsImpact: chokes out other vegetationHeight: 12 to 72 inches (30 to183 cm) tallFlower: tubular, purple; 1 to 2.5 inch(2.5 to 6.4 cm) wide flower head;flower heads sit within spine-tippedbracts on branch tops; outer bractsbent at right angles to the flower head;flower heads often nod overPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 17Nodding ThistleN
PField Scabious – Knautia ar vensisField ScabiousAlso Known As: blue buttonsGeneral Description: singlestemmed perennial with tap rootgrowth; pale blue to purple, halfsphere shaped flower headsLeaves: hairy, 4 to 10 inches(10.2 to 25 cm) long; rosette leavesare jaggedly toothed; stem leavesare deeply lobed and opposite onthe stemStems: tall, slightly branched withstiff hairs covering the stemHeight: up to 60 inches (152 cm) tallFlower: small, pale blue to purplecoloured; clustered into 1 to 1.5 inch(2.5 to 3.8 cm) wide, half-sphereshaped flower heads on the ends oflong leafless branches; very few flowerheads per plantHabitat: riparian areas, tame forage,waste areas, native prairie, abandonedcropland, yard sites, cropland,roadsides and gravel pitsTime of Flowering: June throughearly fallKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):tall, slightly branched with hairyleaves and stems; pale blue to purplecoloured, half-sphere shaped flowerheadsImpact: competes with othervegetation; not palatable to livestockand wildlifePlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 18
P u r p l e l o os e s t r i fe – Ly thr um sa l ica r i aAlso Known As: lythrum, purplelythrumGeneral Description: wetlandperennial; extensive tap root andcreeping root system sprouts manysquare-shaped stems which supportloose spikes of magenta-colouredflowersLeaves: dark green, opposite orwhorled in 3’s, attached directly to thestem; narrow with a rounded base andsmooth leaf edgesStems: square-shaped (sometimes 5 or6-sided); hairless to slightly hairy; oneplant can sprout more than 30 stemsFlower: 5 – 7 reddish-purple tomagenta-coloured petals surroundinga small yellow center; loosely clusteredinto spikes along stem topsHabitat: riparian areas, wetlands andyard sitesTime of Flowering: July throughSeptemberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):square-shaped stems, magentaflowers and narrow leaves withoutstalksImpact: chokes out desired wetlandvegetationHeight: 18 to 78 inches (46 to198 cm) tallPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 19Purple loosestrifeN
NDames Rocket – Hesperis matronalisDames RocketAlso Known As: common damesviolet, sweet rocket, mother-of-theeveningGeneral Description: dark green tallbiennial or perennial with rosette inseedling year; single or multi-stemmed2nd year growth with a tap rootsystem; belongs to the mustard family;is a prolific seed producerLeaves: 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm)long, 0.4 to 1.6 inches (1 to 4 cm)wide, dark green, hairy on top andbottom; leaves get smaller furtherup the stem; jagged toothed edges;oblong to oblanceolate shaped;alternate on the stemStems: hairy; stiff and erect withsome branching at the top; sometimesthere is more than one stem per plantFlower: 4 petals; fragrant flowers inloose clusters (like a loose ball) at thebranch ends; usually purple in colorbut pink and white varieties existHabitat: riparian areas, gardens,shorelines, abandoned cropland,wooded areas, shrub bluffs, nativeprairie, coulees, yard sites, andwaste areasTime of Flowering: May throughJune or JulyKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):fragrant 4-petal flowers in looseclusters and alternate leavesImpact: crowds out native vegetationbecause of large number of seedsreleased; decreases riparian area healthPlant ShapeManagementHeight: up to 39 inches (100 cm)tall; may be taller in riparian areasSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 20
Co m m o n B u rd o ck – A rc tium minus subsp. minusAlso Known As: wild rhubarb,beggar’s button, elephant’s ear, wildburdock, lesser burdockHabitat: riparian areas, coulees, yardsites, fencerows, waste areas androadsidesGeneral Description: tap rootedbiennial; large alternate leavesTime of Flowering: mid-Julythrough mid-SeptemberLeaves: somewhat heart shaped,similar to rhubarb leaves; deeplyveined, alternate; up to 12 inches(30 cm) in length at the base,becoming smaller higher up the plantKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):tall stalky plant with very largealternate leaves (up to 12 inchesor 30 cm long); large bur surroundsseedsStems: tall, branched and hairy;stems and leaf stalks are hollow andgroovedImpact: outcompetes vegetation;large burs impact livestock productionand healthHeight: 24 to 72 inches (61 to183 cm) tall at maturityFlower: purple to white; disc-shapedflower heads at the ends of stemsand at leaf axils along stems; 0.6 to1.2 inches (1.5 to 3.0 cm) wide;heads surrounded by bracts withharsh, hooked spinesPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 21Common BurdockN
PS a l t C e d a r – Ta m a r i x s p p .Salt CedarAlso Known As: tamariskGeneral Description: spindlyperennial shrub or tree forming adense thicket; small white to pinkflowers cover the treeLeaves: alternate, blue-green turninggolden-orange in the fall before fallingoff; small (0.06 inches or 0.15 cmlong), scale-like, lance-shaped;resemble juniper leavesStems: willowy, smooth, varyinggreatly in color when young; maturestems grey or brownish, grooved andwrinkled in appearanceHabitat: riparian areas, wetlands andyard sitesTime of Flowering: spring throughearly fallKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):spindly tree with juniper-like leavescovered in small white to pink flowersImpact: chokes out desired vegetationand concentrates salts near the soilsurface to deter other species fromgrowing; fire tolerant; high consumerof water (200 gal or 757 L/day)Height: 60 to 240 inches (152 to610 cm) tall at maturityFlower: small, light pink to white;four to five 0.04 to 0.08 inch (0.1 to0.2 cm) long petals; flowers cannumber in the thousandsPlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 22
Spotted Knapweed – Centaurea maculosaAlso Known As: knapweedGeneral Description: biennial orperennial with long tap root; pink topurple-coloured flowersLeaves: somewhat hairy; deeplylobed dividing the leaf into narrowsegments; alternate, usually claspingthe stem; basal leaves “cobwebby”in appearanceStems: branched, hairy; upper stemsalmost straight up and downHabitat: native prairie, tame forage,roadsides and waste areasTime of Flowering: June throughOctoberKey Distinguishing Characteristic(s):oval-shaped, black-fringed flowerhead bracts; “cobwebby” basalleaves; pink to purplish flowersImpact: chokes out other vegetation;avoided by grazing animalsHeight: 24 to 36 inches (61 to91 cm) tallFlower: usually pink to purple,tubular; flower heads 0.2 to 0.3 inches(0.6 to 0.8 cm) wide, numerous; flowerheads sit on tops of leaf branches inoval bracts with a black fringePlant ShapeManagementSaskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 23Spotted KnapweedP
Russian KnapweedNRussian Knapweed – Acroptilon repensAlso Known As: Centaurea repens,hard headsHabitat: cropland, native prairie,tame forage, roadsides and waste areasGeneral Description: branchedperennial with blackish, scaly, creepingroots; grows in dense patch
Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide 1 Introduction The inspiration to develop a province-wide guide to invasive species was originally provided by The Frenchman Wood River Weed Management Area (Julie McKenzie), Grasslands National Park, and other collaborators with the publication of Invasive Plant Species Guide for Southern
43. Saskatchewan Soccer Association Inc. 44. Softball Saskatchewan 45. Special Olympics Saskatchewan Inc. 46. Sport Medicine and Science Council of Saskatchewan 47. Sport Parachute Association of Saskatchewan Inc. 48. Saskatchewan Amateur Speed Skating Association 49. Saskatchewan Sports Hall
invasive species. Report Invasive Species. One of the keys for a rapid response to invasive species is the early identification of new occurrences. Please report . occurrences of invasive species in MN to the following: “Arrest the Pest” at: 888-545-6684. Please call to report suspicious pest species arriving on plants or
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR SASKATCHEWAN WIND ENERGY PROJECTS June 2018 SUGGESTED CITATION FOR THIS GUIDELINE Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment. 2018. Adaptive Management Guidelines for Saskatchewan Wind Energy Projects. Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, 3211 Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan. COVER PHOTO CREDITS
MARINE INVASIVE SPECIES MONITORING Invasive species have been identified as a major threat to local and global ecology and economy. The annual cost of invasive species is estimated at 120 billion in the United States alone (Pimentel et al. 2005). The Nature Conservancy estimates that invasive species have contributed to the decline of 42%
Staggering Impacts of Invasive Species Economic: The economic impact caused by all invasive species in the U.S. is estimated at over 137 billion per year. Forests that are damaged by invasive species will yield far fewer goods and services (e.g., timber, recreation, wildlife). The cost of managing invasive species is very high.
Invasive Exotic Plant - An aggressive plant that is known to displace native plant species. Invasive exotic species are unwanted plants which are harmful or destructive to man or other organisms (Holmes, 1979; Webster). State Listed Noxious Weeds – Invasive exotic plants prohibited or restricted by Colorado Law.
The Honorable Brad Wall, Premier of Saskatchewan . HONORARY PRESIDENTS . Dr. Vianne Timmons, University of Regina . Dr. Peter Stoicheff, University of Saskatchewan . REPRESENTATIVES BY APPOINTMENT . Saskatchewan Band Association . Saskatchewan Choral Federation . Saskatchewan Music Ed
in pile foundations for Level 1 earthquake situation. The proposed load factors in the study are a function of the chosen soil investigation/testing and piling method, which is applied to the bending moment in piles. Therefore, better choices of soil investigation/testing and high quality piling method will result in more reasonable design results. Introduction Reliability-based design .
