Bibliography: The Conflict In Libya
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMBibliography: The Conflict in LibyaCompiled and selected by David TeinerAbstractThis bibliography contains books, edited volumes, journal articles, book chapters, theses, grey literature, and otherresources on the ongoing conflict in Libya. Most of the included literature was published since Mu’ammar al-Qaāfī’s removal in 2011. Many of the publications included focus on the Libyan revolution, protest movements, theemergence of militias, the Islamic State in Libya, and the successes and failures of international interventions in thecountry’s conflicts. Earlier publications analyzing political, social, economic, or religious developments, that help tounderstand the dynamics of the present conflict, are also included. The literature has been retrieved manually andshould thus not be considered exhaustive.Keywords: Libya; Qaddafi; Haftar; Islamic State; Militias; Arab Revolution; NATO InterventionNB: All websites were last visited on 28.01.2022 – See also Note for the Reader at the end of this bibliography.Bibliographies and other ResourcesBergen, Peter; Sterman, David; Salyk-Virk, Melissa (2021, March-present): America’s CounterterrorismWars: Tracking the United States’s Drone Strikes and Other Operations in Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, andLibya. (New America regularly updated resource). URL: eports/americas-counterterrorism-warsCounter Extremism Project (n.a.-present): Libya: Extremism & Counter-Extremism. (Counter ExtremismProject regularly updated resource). URL: ck, Jason; Smith, Rhiannon; Hubbard, Verity (2016-present): Libya Security Monitor. URL: https://libyasecuritymonitor.com/Salyk-Virk, Melissa (2020-present): Airstrikes, Proxy Warfare, and Civilian Casualties in Libya. (NewAmerica regularly updated resource). casualties-libyaWehrey, Frederic (2020, September-present): “This War is O ut of Our Hands” : The Internationalizationof Libya’s Post-2011 Conflicts from Proxies to Boots on the Ground. (New America regularly updatedresource). URL: reports/this-war-is-out-of-our-handsWoods, Chris et al. (n.d.-present): Airwars. URL: https://airwars.orgBooks and Edited VolumesAbbiate, Tania; Böckenförde, Markus; Federico, Veronica (2018): Public Participation in AfricanConstitutionalism. Abingdon: Routledge.Abomo, Paul Tang (2019): R2P and the US Intervention in Libya. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Abul-Magd, Zeinab; Grawert, Elke (2016): Businessmen in Arms: How the Military and Other ArmedGroups Profit in the MENA Region. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Adams, Simon (2021): Mass Atrocities, the Responsibility to Protect and the Future of Human Rights: ‘If NotNow, When?’. Abingdon: Routledge.ISSN 2334-3745105February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMAlbrecht, Holger; Croissant, Aurel; Lawson, Fred H. (2016): Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Alterman, Jon B. (Ed.) (2015): Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Ashour, Omar (2021): How ISIS Fights: Military Tactics in Iraq, Syria, Libya and Egypt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Atwan, Abdel Bari (2013): After bin Laden: Al Qaeda, the Next Generation. New York: The New Press.Barton, Benjamin (2018): Political Trust and the Politics of Security Engagement: China and the EuropeanUnion in Africa. Abingdon: Routledge.Basinsky, Kathryn; Brandon, James (Eds.) (2015): Al-Qaeda and Its Heirs: Select Conference Papers fromthe Eighth Annual Terrorism Conference. Washington, D.C.: Jamestown Foundation.Bassiouni, M. Cherif (Ed.) (2013): Libya: From Repression to Revolution: A Record of Armed Conflict andInternational Law Violations, 2011-2013. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Bellamy, Alex J.; McLoughlin, Stephen (2018): Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention. (Series: RethinkingWorld Politics). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Boserup, R. A.; Hazbun, W.; Makdisi, K.; Malmvig, H. (2017): New Conflict Dynamics: Between RegionalAutonomy and Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa. Copenhagen: Danish Institute forInternational Studies. URL: https://pure.diis.dk/ws/files/841797/2017 DIIS New Conflict Dynamics inthe Middle East and North Africa web.pdfBurns, Sean (2018): Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring: Popular Uprisings and the Politics ofRepression. London: I.B. Tauris.Burton, Guy (2020): China and Middle East Conflicts: Responding to War and Rivalry from the Cold War tothe Present. Abingdon: Routledge.Cantir, Cristian; Kaarbo, Juliet (2016): Domestic Role Contestation, Foreign Policy, and InternationalRelations. Abingdon: Routledge.Carment, David; Hoffman, Evan (2018): International Mediation in a Fragile World. Abingdon: Routledge.Celso, Anthony (2018): The Islamic State: A Comparative History of Jihadist Warfare. Lanham: LexingtonBooks.Chappell, Laura; Mawdsley, Jocelyn; Petrov, Petar (Eds.) (2016): The EU, Strategy and Security Policy:Regional and Strategic Challenges. Abingdon: Routledge.Chivvis, Christopher S. (2013): Toppling Qaddafi: Libya and the Limits of Liberal Intervention. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.Cockburn, Patrick (2016): The Age of Jihad: Islamic State and the Great War for the Middle East. London:Verso.Cole, Juan (2014): The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation is Changing the Middle East. New York:Simon & Schuster.Cole, Peter; McQuinn, Brian (2015): The Libyan Revolution and its Aftermath. Oxford: Oxford UniversityISSN 2334-3745106February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMPress.Cook, Steven A. (2017): False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the New Middle East. Oxford:Oxford University Press.Costantini, Irene (2018): Statebuilding in the Middle East and North Africa: The Aftermath of RegimeChange. Abingdon: Routledge.Davidson, Christopher M. (2016): Shadow Wars: The Secret Struggle for the Middle East. London:Oneworld Publications.Della Porta, Donatella; Donker, Teije Hidde; Hall, Bogumila; Poljarevic, Emin; Ritter, Daniel P. (2018):Social Movements and Civil War: When Protests for Democratization Fail. (Series: Routledge Studies inCivil Wars and Intra-State Conflict). Abingdon: Routledge.Dijkstra, Hylke (2016): International Organizations and Military Affairs. Abingdon: Routledge.El Taraboulsi, Sherine N. (2016, June): Peacebuilding in Libya: Cross-Border Transactions and the CivilSociety Landscape. (USIP Peace Brief). URL: civil-societyEl-Katiri, Mohammed (2015, April): Strengthening Statehood Capabilities for Successful Transitions in theMiddle East/North Africa Region. (SSI Monograph). Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute. des, James (2020): Post-Cold War Anglo-American Military Intervention. Abingdon: Routledge.Fishman, Ben (Ed.) (2015): North Africa in Transition: The Struggle for Democracy and Institutions. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).Fraihat, Ibrahim (2016): Unfinished Revolutions: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia After the Arab Spring. NewHaven: Yale University Press.Geha, Carmen (2016): Civil Society and Political Reform in Lebanon and Libya: Transition and Constraint.(Routledge Studies in Mediterranean Politics). Abingdon: Routledge.Haas, Mark L.; Lesch, David W. (Eds.) (2016): The Arab Spring: The Hope and Reality of the Uprisings.Abingdon: Routledge.Hanlon, Querine; Shultz, Richard H. (Eds.) (2016, March): Prioritizing Security Sector Reform: A New U.S.Approach. (USIP Book). URL: tizing-security-sectorreformHenriksen, Dag; Larssen, Ann Karin (Ed.) (2016): Political Rationale and International Consequences of theWar in Libya. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ibrahim, Azeem (2020): Rise and Fall? The Rise and Fall of ISIS in Libya. (SSI Monograph). CarlisleBarracks: Strategic Studies Institute. URL: ob, Edwin Daniel (2020): American Security and the Global War on Terror. (Series: Emerging Technologies, Ethics and International Affairs). Abingdon: Routledge.Kamrava, Mehran (2014, December): Beyond the Arab Spring: The Evolving Ruling Bargain in the MiddleISSN 2334-3745107February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMEast. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kersten, Mark (2016): Justice in Conflict: The Effects of the International Criminal Court’s Interventions onEnding Wars and Building Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Koenig, Nicole (2016): EU Security Policy and Crisis Management: A Quest for Coherence. Abingdon:Routledge.Lacher, Wolfram (2020): Libya’s Fragmentation: Structure and Process in Violent Conflict. London: I.B. Tauris.Laessing, Ulf (2020): Understanding Libya since Gaddafi. London: Hurst.Laqueur, Walter; Wall, Christopher (Eds.) (2018): The Future of Terrorism: ISIS, Al-Qaeda, and the AltRight. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.Lefèvre, Raphaël (2021): Jihad in the City: Militant Islam and Contentious Politics in Tripoli. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.Madej, Marek (2018): Western Military Interventions after the Cold War: Evaluating the Wars of the West.(Series: Cass Military Studies). Abingdon: Routledge.Marcuzzo, Stefano (2021): The EU, NATO and the Libya Conflict: Anatomy of a Failure. London: Routledge.Martinez, Luis (2020): The State in North Africa: After the Arab Uprisings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Martinez, Luiz; Schoch, Cynthia (2012): The Violence of Petro-Dollar Regimes: Algeria, Iraq, and Libya.New York: Columbia University Press.Mendelson, Barak (2016): The al-Qaeda Franchise: The Expansion of al-Qaeda and Its Consequences.Oxford: Oxford University Press.Moaveni, Azadeh (2019): Guest House for Young Widows: Among the Women of ISIS. New York: RandomHouse.Mundy, Jacob (2018): Libya. Cambridge: Polity.O’Sullivan, Susannah (2018): Military Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa: The Case of NATOin Libya. Abingdon: Routledge.Pargeter, Alison (2016): Return to the Shadows: The Muslim Brotherhood and An-Nahda since the ArabSpring. London: Saqi Books.Puri, Hardeep Singh (2016): Perilous Interventions: The Security Council and the Politics of Chaos. NewYork: HarperCollins.Raunio, Tapio; Wagner, Wolfgang (2018): Challenging Executive Dominance: Legislatures and ForeignAffairs. Abingdon: Routledge.Reinhart, Christine Sixta (2016): Drones and Targeted Killing in the Middle East and Africa: An Appraisalof American Counterterrorism Policies. Lanham: Lexington Books.Roberts, Adam; Willis, Michael J.; McCarthy, Rory; Ash, Timothy Garton (Eds.) (2016): Civil Resistance inthe Arab Spring: Triumphs and Disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Romaniuk, Scott Nicholas; Grice, Francis; Irrera, Daniela; Webb, Stewart (Eds.) (2017): The Palgrave Hand-ISSN 2334-3745108February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1137-55769-8Ruys, Tom; Corten, Olivier; Hofer, Alexandra (Eds.) (2018): The Use of Force in International Law: A CaseBased Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Santini, Ruth Santini; Polese, Abel; Kevlihan, Rob (Eds.) (2021): Limited Statehood and InformalGovernance in the Middle East and Africa. Abingdon: Routledge.Schinella, Anthony M. (2019): Bombs Without Boots: The Limits of Airpower. Washington, D.C.: BrookingsInstitution Press.Schulhofer-Wohl, Jonah (2019): Quagmire in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Selvik, Kjetil; Utvik, Bjørn Olav (Eds.): Oil States in the New Middle East: Uprisings and Stability. (Series:Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government). Abingdon: Routledge.Shamaileh, Ammar (2017): Trust and Terror: Social Capital and the Use of Terrorism as a Tool of Resistance.(Series: Conceptualising Comparative Politics). Abingdon: Routledge.Smith, Tom; Solomon, Hussein (Eds.) (2020): Exporting Global Jihad. (Series: Critical Perspectives fromAfrica and Europe). London: I.B. Tauris.Tar, Usman A. (2021): The Routledge Handbook of Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Africa. London: Routledge.Terrill, W. Andrew (2015): Arab Threat Perceptions and the Future of the U.S. Military Presence in theMiddle East. (SSI Monograph). Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute. URL: pdfToaldo, Mattia (2013): The Origins of the US War on Terror: Lebanon, Libya and American Intervention inthe Middle East. (Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy). Abingdon: Routledge.Tomolya, János; White, Larry D. (Eds.) (2015): Terrorist Threats in North Africa from a NATO Perspective.(Series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics). Amsterdam: IOSPress. URL: -in-north-africa-from-a-nato-perspectiveTurner, Mandy; Kühn, Florian P. (2016): The Politics of International Intervention: The Tyranny of Peace.Abingdon: Routledge.Ulrichsen, Kristian (2014): Qatar and the Arab Spring. London: Hurst.Van Genugten, Saskia (2016): Libya in Western Foreign Policies, 1911–2011. (Series: Security, Conflict andCooperation in the Contemporary World). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Vik, Cathinka (2015): Moral Responsibility, Statecraft and Humanitarian Intervention: The US Response toRwanda, Darfur, and Libya. Abingdon: Routledge.Wehrey, Frederic (2018): The Burning Shores: Inside the Battle for the New Libya. New York: Farrar, Strausand Giroux.Weighill, Rob; Gaub, Florence (2018): The Cauldron: NATO’s Campaign in Libya. London: Hurst.Wester, Karin (2020): Intervention in Libya: The Responsibility to Protect in North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISSN 2334-3745109February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMWilkinson, Mark (2018): Before Intelligence Failed: British Secret Intelligence on Chemical and BiologicalWeapons in the Soviet Union, South Africa and Libya. London: Hurst.Worth, Robert F. (2016): A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS. NewYork: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Wrage, Stephen; Cooper, Scott (2019): No Fly Zones and International Security: Politics and Strategy.Abingdon: Routledge.Youngs, Richard (2014): Europe in the New Middle East: Opportunity or Exclusion? (Series: Oxford Studiesin Democratization). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Zartman, Jonathan (Ed.) (2020): Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.ThesesAarts, Jeroen A. H. (2015, January): Saving the Libyans and Skipping the Syrians, What’s the Deal withThat? (Master’s Thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/32871Blackford, William R. (2014): The Responsibility to Protect and International Law: Moral, Legal and Practical Perspectives on Kosovo, Libya, and Syria. (Master’s Thesis, Portland State University, Portland, UnitedStates). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2529Chukwuagozie, Odoemena Emmanuel (2015, September): The Applicability of the Doctrine of Responsibility to Protect and the Legality of NATO Intervention in Libya. (Master’s Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53176Dickerson, Andrew Robert (2017): Post Arab Spring Examination of American Foreign Aid: Libya andEgypt. (Master’s Thesis, Wright State University, Dayton, United States). URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc num wright1504050835338162Kimble, Zachary C. (2018, December): Returning Foreign Fighters to Tunisia and Libya After the Conflictin Iraq and Syria. (Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, United States). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10945/61203Kirushev, Vladimir (2013, Fall): State Sovereignty and Intervention in the Age of Responsibility to Protect:Analysis of Libya and Syria. (Master’s Thesis, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States). er, Borjana (2013, May): Humanitarian Intervention in Libya: Fighting for Human Rightsor for Regime Change? (Master’s Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States). 125/101809Mabera, Faith K. (2014, June): The African Union and the Responsibility to Protect: Lessons Learnt from the2011 United Nations Security Council Intervention in Libya. (Master’s Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/42830Mthamo, Khayalandile Lwando (2017): The Responsibility to Protect in the Context of the NATO Intervention in Libya in 2011: A Human Rights Analysis. (Master’s Thesis, University of the Western Cape, CapeTown, South Africa). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6322Palmgren, Emilia (2017, June): France’s and the UK’s Responses to the Libya Crisis. (Bachelor’sThesis, Dalarna University, Högskolegatan, Sweden). URL: http://du.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid diva2%3A1113867&dswid -9799ISSN 2334-3745110February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMStart, Jessica Margaret (2016, August): Humanitarian Intervention in Libya and Darfur: The Future of Responsibility to Protect. (Master’s Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7430Voordewind, Manuel (2017): Responsibility to Protect, a Norm in Decline: The Discursive Shift after Libya.(Master’s Thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands). URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/53351Journal Articles and Book ChaptersAbderrahim, Kader A. (2016): Libya, Daesh on Europe’s Doorstep. In: Hedwig Giusto (Ed.): Daesh and theTerrorist Threat: From the Middle East to Europe. Brussels; Rome: Foundation for European ProgressiveStudies (FEPS); Fondazione Italianieuropei, 52-60. URL: st-to-europe.htmlAboueldahab, Noha (2019, May): Peace and Justice in Libya’s Transition. Rowaq Arabi, 24(1), 39-49. ibyas-transition/?lang enAdebajo, Adekeye (2016): The Revolt Against the West: Intervention and Sovereignty. Third WorldQuarterly, 37(7: The UN and the Global South, 1945 and 2015: Past as Prelude?), 1187-1202. DOI: , Ariel I. (2017, Summer): Territory, Sovereignty, and New Statehood in the Middle East and NorthAfrica. The Middle East Journal, 71(3), 345-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3751/71.3.11Ahva, Laura; Hellmann, Maria (2015): Citizen Eyewitness Images and Audience Engagementin Crisis Coverage. International Communication Gazette, 77(7), 668-681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1748048515601559Akhavan, Payam (2016, December): Complementarity Conundrums: The ICC Clock in TransitionalTimes. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 14(5), 1043–1059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqw058Al Nahed, Sumaya (2016, April): Framing the Libyan Uprising: A Comparison between Al Jazeera Arabic’sand BBC Arabic’s Coverage of the 2011 Uprising and Ensuing NATO Intervention. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 9(1), 119-137. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1386/jammr.9.1.119 1Alexander, Yonah (2015): Terrorism in North Africa and the Sahel: Threats and Responses. In: JánosTomoly; Larry D. White (Eds.) (2015): Terrorist Threats in North Africa from a NATO Perspective. (Series:NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics). Amsterdam: IOS Press,1-13. URL: i, Nader; Dotolo, Frederick H.; Lakehal-Ayat, Merouane (2015, July): Confronting ISIS inLibya: The Case for an Expeditionary Counterinsurgency. Small Wars Journal, 07/2015. URL: rycounterinsurgency%e2%80%99Anderson, Jon Lee (2015, May/June): Die Auflösung: Libyen zerfällt in einen Ost- und einen Westteil.Internationale Politik, 3(May/June), 83-97. URL: derson, Lisa (2017, Spring): “They Defeated Us All”: International Interests, Local Politics, andContested Sovereignty in Libya. The Middle East Journal, 71(2), 229-247. URL: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/657690ISSN 2334-3745111February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMApuuli, Kasaija Phillip (2017): The African Union’s Mediation Mandate and the Libyan Conflict (2011).African Security, 10 (3-4: Unpacking the Mediation Mandate), 192-204. DOI: ira, Luiz Alberto Moniz (2019): The Real Reasons of Washington’s Intervention in Libya. In:Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira (Ed.): The World Disorder: US Hegemony, Proxy Wars, Terrorism andHumanitarian Catastrophes. Cham: Springer Nature, 99-111.Bar, Shmuel (2020): The Re-Tribalisation of the Middle East. Comparative Strategy, 39(2), 128-144. arr, Nathaniel (2015, September): The Islamic State’s Uneven Trajectory in Libya. Terrorism Monitor,13(19), 8-11. URL: neven-trajectory-in-libya/Barr, Nathaniel; Blackman, Madeleine (2016, August): A New Threat to Libya’s Stability Emerges.Terrorism Monitor, 14(16), 3-5. URL: as-stabilityemergesBarr, Nathaniel; Greenberg, David (2016, April): Libya’s Political Turmoil Allows Islamic State to Thrive.Terrorism Monitor, 14(7), 8-10. URL: http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Terrorism Monitor -Volume XIV Issue 7 1 03.pdfBartu, Peter (2017): What Mandate? Mediating during Warfighting in the Libyan Revolution (2011).African Security, 10(3-4: Unpacking the Mediation Mandate), 176-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2017.1348117Baum, Matthew A.; Zhukov, Yuri M. (2015): Filtering Revolution: Reporting Bias in InternationalNewspaper Coverage of the Libyan Civil War. Journal of Peace Research, 52(3), 384-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022343314554791Beccaro, Andrea (2018): ISIS in Mosul and Sirte: Differences and Similarities. Mediterranean Politics,23(3), 410-417. DOI: ro, Andrea (2020, March): ISIS in Libya and Beyond, 2014–2016. The Journal of North African Studies. Online first. DOI: ek, Eran; Simon, Neil (2020, May): The 2017 Manchester Bombing and the British-Libyan JihadiNexus. CTC Sentinel, 13(5), 28-38. URL: C-SENTINEL-052020.pdfBlomdahl, Mikael (2016): Bureaucratic Roles and Positions: Explaining the United States Libya Decision.Diplomacy & Statecraft, 27(1), 142-161. DOI: i, Alessandra (2018, February): Libya’s Rogue Militias Keep the Country from Tackling HumanTrafficking. Terrorism Monitor, 16(4), 7-9. URL: ki, Mieczysław P. (2015): The External Dimension of Libya’s Troubled Transition: TheInternational Community and ‘Democratic Knowledge’ Transfer. The Journal of North African Studies,20(5: Discoursing ‘Democratic Knowledge’ & Knowledge Production in North Africa), 735-753. oduszyński, Mieczysław P. (2020, November): From R2P to Reticence: U.S. Policy and the Libyan Conflict. In: Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) (Ed.): MENA’s Frozen Conflicts. (Series:POMEPS Studies No. 42). Washington, D.C.: POEMPS, 29-34. URL: https://pomeps.org/pomeps-studies-ISSN 2334-3745112February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM42-menas-frozen-conflictsBöller, Florian (2017): Debating War and Peace: US Congress and the Domestic Legitimization of MilitaryInterventions. Democracy and Security, 13(3), 196-219. DOI: ars, Anouar (2018, January): The Potential Jihadi Windfall from the Militarization of Tunisia’sBorder Region with Libya. CTC Sentinel, 11(1), 32-36. URL: nel Vol11Iss1-1.pdfBrockmeier, Sarah; Stuenkel, Oliver; Tourinho, Marcos (2016): The Impact of the Libya Intervention Debates on Norms of Protection. Global Society, 30(1: Contesting and Shaping the Norms of Protection: TheEvolution of a Responsibility to Protect), 113-133. DOI: e, Neil (2015, September): “Why Is No One Talking About Libya’s Cultural Destruction?” NearEastern Archaeology, 78(3: Special Issue: The Cultural Heritage Crisis in the Middle East), 212-217. Brown, David (2019): Kosovo and Libya: Lessons Learned for Limited Humanitarianism? ComparativeStrategy, 38(5: Twenty Years After Kosovo and Allied Force: Controversies, Implications and Legacy), 467482. DOI: ila, Aya; Nomikos, John M. (2019): Libya and the New Axis of Terror: Reshaping the SecurityTheater in MENA and Europe. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 32(1), 54-81.DOI: , Michael (2021): Still Agreeing to Disagree: International Security and Constructive Ambiguity. Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 8(1), 91-114. DOI: i, Andrea (2017): Responsibility to Protect, NATO and the Problem of Who Should Intervene: Reassessing the Intervention in Libya. Global Change, Peace & Security, 29(3), 293-309. DOI: ni, Andrea; Moody, James (2018): Between the Cracks: Actor Fragmentation and Local ConflictSystems in the Libyan Civil War. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 29(3: Limited Statehood and Its SecurityImplications for the Fragmentation of Political Order in the Middle East and North Africa), 456-490. arboni, Andrea; Moody, James (2019): Between the Cracks: Actor Fragmentation and Local Conflict Systems in the Libyan Civil War. In: Abel Polese; Ruth Hanau Santini (Eds.): Rethinking Statehood in the Middle East and North Africa: Security, Sovereignty and New Political Orders. Abingdon: Routledge, 78-112.Celso, Anthony N. (2017): Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb: Libya, Mali, and the Next Jihadist War. In:Anthony N. Celso; Robert Nalbandov (Eds.): The Crisis of the African State: Globalization, Tribalism, andJihadism in the Twenty-First Century. Quantico: Marine Corps University Press, 53-72.Chivvis, Christopher S. (2012): Libya and the Future of Liberal Intervention. Survival, 54(6), 69-92. ivvis, Christopher S. (2016): Countering the Islamic State in Libya. Survival, 58(4), 113-130. hristy, Allyson (2020, April): Libya’s Rivalries, Risks & COVID-19 - Part One. Small Wars Journal,04/2020. URL: ries-risks-covid-19-part-oneISSN 2334-3745113February 2022
Volume 16, Issue 1PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISMChristy, Allyson (2020, April): Libya’s Rivalries, Risks & COVID-19 - Part Two. Small Wars Journal,04/2020. URL: ries-risks-covid-19-part-twoColley, Thomas (2015): What’s in it for Us: Responses to the UK’s Strategic Narrative on Intervention inLibya. The RUSI Journal, 160(4), 60-69. DOI: ntini, Irene (2020): A Solution in Libya: Elections, Mediation and a Victor’s Peace. Middle EastPolicy, 26(4), 146-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12463Cragin, Kim (2020, August): Tactical Partnerships for Strategic Effects: Recent Experiences of U.S. Forces Working by, with, and through Surrogates in Syria and Libya. Defence Studies, 20(4), 318-335. ristiani, Dario (2015, March): The Ongoing Unrest in Libya and the Hyped Threat Posed by Islamic State.Terrorism Monitor, 13(6), 8-10. URL: /#.VS1AeuT7vtQCristiani, Dario (2016): Algeria’s Role in Libya: Seeking Influence Without Interference. TerrorismMonitor, 14(23), 7-10. URL: seeking-influence-withoutinterference/Cristiani, Dario (2016, May): Libya’s Economic Crisis: Bringing the Oil Sector Back on Track. TerrorismMonitor, 14(11), 7-10. URL: M V 14 I 03.pdfCristiani, Dario (2017, July): Libya: Gulf Crisis Sparks Posturing Among Militant Leadership. MilitantLeadership Monitor, 8(6). URL: ks-posturing-amongmilitant-leadershipCristiani, Dario (2018, December): The Islamic State in Libya: Operational Revival, Geographic Dispersal,and Changing Paradigms. Terrorism Monitor, 16(23), 8-10. URL: M-Dec.-3-2018-Issue.pdfCristiani, Dario (2019, April): The Shifting Strategic Context in Libya and the ‘Haftar Dilemma’. TerrorismMonitor, 17(7), 7-10. URL: M-Apr.-6-2019-Issue-1.pdfCristiani, Dario (2019, August): Remain, Expand, Attract: The Paradigmatic Experience of the IslamicState in Libya. Terrorism Monitor, 17(16), 8-10. URL: https://jamestown.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/0
Bibliography: The Conflict in Libya Compiled and selected by David Teiner Abstract This bibliography contains books, edited volumes, journal articles, book chapters, theses, grey literature, and other resources on the ongoing conflict in Libya. Most of the included literature was published since Mu'ammar al-Qa-āfī's removal in 2011.
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̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Functional vs Dysfunctional Conflict Functional Conflict- Conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves its performance Dysfunctional Conflict- Conflict that hinders group performance Task Conflict- Conflicts over content and goals of the work Relationship conflict- Conflict based on interpersonal relationships Process Conflict .
Opening the python software Python and the Raspberry Pi To create a new python program on the Pi, you can use a text editor called “Joe’s Text Editor” Type: joe (the name of your program).py To run or execute the program type: python (the name of your program).py KEY WORDS Code Program Variable Loop Else IF ELIF
