Botanic Gardens And Their Contribution To The Sustainable . - BGCI
Journal of Botanic Gardens Conservation InternationalVolume 15 Number 1 January 2018Botanic gardens andtheir contribution tothe SustainableDevelopment Goals
Volume 15 Number 1IN THIS ISSUE.EDITORSEDITORIAL: BOTANIC GARDENS ANDTHE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. 02FEATURES. 04NEWS FROM BGCISuzanne SharrockDirector of GlobalProgrammesPaul SmithSecretary GeneralCover Photo: Girl planting a tree(Chaleow Ngamdee/Shutterstock)PLANT HUNTING TALES: BOTANICAL SURVEYS IN JAPAN FINDING OUT WHAT’S THERE AND WHAT'S NOTFEATURED GARDEN: BAEKDUDAEGAN NATIONAL ARBORETUMDesign: Seascape www.seascapedesign.co.ukINTERVIEW: TALKING PLANTS. 06. 08. 10BGjournal is published by Botanic Gardens ConservationInternational (BGCI). It is published twice a year.Membership is open to all interested individuals, institutionsand organisations that support the aims of BGCI.Further details available from: Botanic Gardens Conservation International, DescansoHouse, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW UK.Tel: 44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: 44 (0)20 8332 5956,E-mail: info@bgci.org, www.bgci.org BGCI (US) Inc, The Huntington Library,Art Collections and Botanical Gardens,1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 91108, USA.Tel: 1 626-405-2100, E-mail: usa@bgci.orgInternet: www.bgci.org/usa BGCI (China), South China Botanical Garden,1190 Tian Yuan Road, Guangzhou, 510520, China.Tel: 86 20 85231992, Email: xiangying.wen@bgci.org,Internet: www.bgci.org/china BGCI (Southeast Asia), Jean Linsky, BGCI Southeast AsiaBotanic Gardens Network Coordinator,Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation Center,No. 31, Tongsing Rd., Gaoshu Township, Pingtung County90646, Taiwan, China. Tel: 886 8 796 0913,Mobile: 886 966484475, Email: jean.linsky@bgci.org,Internet: www.bgci.org; www.kbcc.org.tw/en BGCI (Africa), Kirsty Shaw, BGCI Africa Office, IUCNEastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO),P.O. Box 68200 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel. 254(0)725295632 Skype: bgci kirsty, Email:kirsty.shaw@bgci.org, Internet: www.bgci.org BGCI (Russia), c/o Main Botanical Gardens,Botanicheskaya st., 4, Moscow 127276, Russia.Tel: 7 (095) 219 6160 / 5377, Fax: 7 (095) 218 0525,E-mail: seed@aha.ru, www.bgci.ruBGCI is a worldwide membership organisation establishedin 1987. Its mission is to mobilise botanic gardens andengage partners in securing plant diversity for the wellbeing of people and the planet. BGCI is an independentorganisation registered in the United Kingdom as a charity(Charity Reg No 1098834) and a company limited byguarantee, No 4673175. BGCI is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3)non-profit organisation in the USA and is a registered nonprofit organisation in Russia.Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarilyreflect the views of the Boards or staff of BGCI or of itsmembers.ARTICLESBOTANIC GARDENS AND THE 2030SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDASuzanne Sharrock. 14SDG 1: NO POVERTYBALANCING CONSERVATION AND LIVELIHOODSIN THE CHIMANIMANI FOREST BELT, MOZAMBIQUEAlex Hudson, Jonathan Timberlake, Hercilia Chipangaand Tiziana Ulian. 18SDG 4: QUALITY EDUCATIONBUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS THROUGHINFORMAL OUTREACH OPPORTUNITIESPamela Thompson. 22SDG 6: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATIONTWENTY YEARS OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF WETLANDHABITATS BY THE ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS, ONTARIODavid Galbraith and Tÿs Theÿsmeÿer. 26SDG 11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIESFROM BACKYARDS TO BIOLINKS: ROYAL BOTANICGARDENS VICTORIA’S ROLE IN URBAN GREENINGChris Russell. 31SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTIONBOTANIC GARDENS IN MIGRATION SETTINGSMarie-Cakupewa Fundiko and Bartjan Bakker. 34SDG 13: CLIMATE CHANGEBEING LESS BAD IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH ANYMORERichard Piacentini. 37BGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1)01
EDITORIAL:BOTANIC GARDENS ANDTHE SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT GOALSThe theme of thisedition of BGjournalis botanic gardenssupporting theSustainableDevelopment Goals,highlighting theintersections betweenplant diversity andsustainable development – intersectionswhich occur pretty much everywhere interrestrial ecosystems! As always, when wetry to make the case for biological diversityunderpinning our life support systems, wequickly come up against the question of‘How much biodiversity do we need?’When he was Director of the MillenniumSeed Bank, my former boss Roger Smithused to say to people who asked thisquestion ‘Well, you tell us which plantspecies to ignore, and let’s see if historyproves you right.’ The point he was makingis that although we do not know how muchdiversity we need, we do know that themore plant diversity we can conserve andmanage sustainably, the more options forhuman innovation, adaptation andresilience there will be. This point is madeeloquently by Marie Haga (ExecutiveDirector of the Crop Trust) and RichardDeverell (Director of the Royal BotanicGardens, Kew) in their conversation aboutplants and food security (p.10). As Mariesays, ‘we have an untapped resource: theamazing wealth of agricultural biodiversity the thousands upon thousands of edibleplants – that nature has given us. By fullytapping into this global public good, wemake miracles possible; like developingplants that can stand higher temperatures,that can fight a new pest or provide highernutritional value.’Unfortunately, there are schools of thoughtthat technology alone will solve all of ourproblems – food security, water scarcity,energy, health and climate change.02To slightly paraphrase Matt Damon inthe Hollywood movie ‘The Martian’, ‘weare going to science the hell out of this’.While advances in biotechnology areundoubtedly essential if we are going tofind ways to live more sustainably, theidea that we can simply research ourway out of trouble, without caring forwhat nature has provided us with, isboth naïve and dangerous. At the recentInternational Botanical Congress inShenzhen – a conference at whichgenomics and biotechnology had astrong presence – I was asked in apublic question and answer session‘Why do we need to conserve plantswhen we can simply manufacture theplant species that we need?’ My answerwas that (a) we can’t (yet) manufacturethe plants that we need withoutsourcing genetic material from plants innature and (b) if we don’t get into thehabit of looking after what we alreadyhave, what hope do we have ofmanaging anything sustainably?With a global footfall of 500 millionvisitors a year, botanic gardens have thepower to change attitudes. However,recent research from the zoo communitysuggests that simply informing peoplethat there is a problem is not enough tochange behaviour significantly1.Education programmes have impactwhen they both inform and empowerpeople to do things differently. Thismeans venturing outside our gardenwalls to work with society. It is striking inSuzanne Sharrock’s article on botanicgardens and the 2030 SustainableDevelopment Goals (p.14) that the vastmajority of botanic garden activitieslisted in Table 1 are doing exactly that.They are working with urban and ruralcommunities helping them to conserve,grow and use plants sustainably. Thisapproach is epitomised in the article onBGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1) 021Moss,responsible consumption and productionof traditional plants in a migration settingin the Democratic Republic of Congo(p. 34) where the authors are workingwith rural migrants to ensure they haveaccess to medicines and food. Similarly,the botanical knowledge of experts at theRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, combinedwith traditional knowledge, is being usedto alleviate poverty (SDG1) inMozambique (p.18).In completely different, urban, developedcountry settings, the Royal BotanicalGardens in Ontario is working with localauthorities and nature conservationgroups to clean up urban wetlands onLake Ontario (p. 26), while the RoyalBotanic Gardens Victoria collaborateswith urban planners in Melbourne toincorporate wildlife corridors and greenspaces into the planning process,helping both to protect native speciesand improve the quality of people’s lives.One of the most inspiring urban storiesin this edition of BGjournal comes fromPhipps Conservatory in Pennsylvannia.Through a combination of showing howit can be done, demonstrating the costof fossil fuel use and offering incentivesto encourage visitors to change, 2,000families have switched to renewableelectricity – the equivalent of 32,000barrels of oil not being burnt each year.In all of these cases, botanic gardens areworking outside their garden walls,helping broader society to live moresustainably. I hope you find this asinspiring as I do!Dr Paul SmithBGCI Secretary GeneralJensen & Gusset. 2017. Probing the link between biodiversityrelated knowledge and self-reported pro-conservation behavior in aglobal survey of zoo visitors. Conservation Letters 10 (1), 33-40.
FEATURESNEWS FROM BGCIPLANT HUNTING TALES:BOTANICAL SURVEYS IN JAPAN FINDING OUT WHAT’S THERE AND WHAT'S NOTFEATURED GARDEN:BAEKDUDAEGAN NATIONAL ARBORETUM,BAEKDUDAEGAN, SOUTH KOREAINTERVIEW:TALKING PLANTSArboretum WespelaarBGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1)03
FEATURENEWS FROM BGCIHOW DID WE DO IN 2017?BGCI has recentlypublished its 2017Member’s Review.The review providesa synthesis of ouractivities over the year,and has producedsome impressivestatistics. For example,in 2017, BGCI trained957 people from 310institutions in 48 countries, while ourwork with the Global Trees Campaignsupported the integrated conservationof 120 tree species in 17 countries,generating over 450,000 seedlingsfor reintroduction and reinforcementplanting. During the year, BGCIdisbursed funds totalling US 1,048,250to botanic gardens and other botanicalinstitutions. As always, this figure ismany times what we receive inmembership subscriptions and wehope is an indication that membershipof BGCI is a good investment in ourcommunity of botanic gardens.Coline AmosFor more information about BGCImembership, visit: www.bgci.org/joininWANTED! CASE STUDIES ONHOW YOUR BOTANIC GARDENHAS CONTRIBUTEDFINANCIALLY, SOCIALLY ORENVIRONMENTALLY TO LOCALSOCIETY Deliver social services to the localcommunity (e.g. mental health andwell-being; volunteering opportunities,act as cultural hubs etc.); Deliver environmental data, services oradvice to government or civil society.If you are aware of any such studies,please contact yvette.harvey-brown@bgci.org.RAISING FUNDS FOR ISLANDTREE CONSERVATIONAt the end of 2017, BGCI took part in theUK’s Big Give Christmas Challenge andMélanie Zoghebraised nearly 20,000 to support treeconservation on islands. The Big GiveChristmas Challenge is a yearlyfundraising event that sees donationsdoubled by matched funds.BGCI is currently working to safeguardtree species from extinction in Fiji,Mauritius, the Seychelles and Haiti. In2018. BGCI will extend this to includeother islands where tree species run therisk of being lost forever, facing threatssuch as extreme weather and invasivespecies.Find out more: www.bgci.org/news-andevents/news/1448/BGCI is compiling a Technical Review onhow botanic gardens and arboretarepresent excellent value for money andreturn on investment, financially, sociallyand environmentally. We are particularlyinterested in reports commissioned bybotanic gardens, and carried out by thirdparties, that show how botanic gardens: Contribute financially to the local,regional or national economy; Deliver educational services for localauthorities (e.g. schools programmes,adult education);04BGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1) 04-05THE WORLD’S BOTANICGARDENS CONTAIN A THIRD OFALL KNOWN PLANT SPECIESIn collaboration with BGCI, researchersfrom the University of Cambridge havecarried out the most comprehensiveanalysis to date of diversity in ex situcollections. The researchers analysedthe species records of a third of theworld’s botanic gardens, some 1,116institutions, compiled by BGCI in itsPlantSearch database, cross-referencingthis with the working list of known plantspecies – currently sitting at 350,699.
Reaching new audiences; Measuring impact; Education in Polish botanic gardens.For further information and to submityour abstract, visit the Congresswebsite: www.ogrod.uw.edu.pl/en/congress2018For more information and to downloadthe report, visit: www.bgci.org/newsand-events/news/1452/We hope to see many of you there.(BaekdudaeganArboretum)The study found an “astonishing array”of plant diversity in the global botanicgarden network, with the world’s botanicgardens containing at least 30% of allknown plant species, including 41% ofall those classed as ‘threatened’.However, the researchers also found asignificant imbalance between tropicaland temperate plants, and recommendthat even more capacity should be givento conservation. The study, published inthe journal Nature Plants, found that theglobal network of botanic gardensconserves living plants representingalmost two-thirds of plant genera andover 90% of plant families.To find out more and read the full paper,visit: www.bgci.org/news-and-events/news/1428/As a result of the study, BGCI hasidentified 20 Angiosperm families andalmost 7,000 threatened tree speciesthat appear to be completely missingfrom botanic garden living collections.To see the full list of plants missing fromex situ collections and to help fill thegaps, visit: www.bgci.org/news-andevents/news/1432/THE RED LIST OF THEACEAEBGCI’s latestRed List reportwas published atthe beginning of2018. The RedList of Theaceae,the tea family,reported thatmore than a thirdof the world’sTheaceaespecies are threatened with extinction.In preparing the report, BGCI completedassessments for 254 Theaceae speciesand identified 85 as threatened withextinction. Sadly, the report alsoidentified two species as Extinct in theWild, the Franklin tree Frankliniaalatamaha and Camellia amplexicaulis,highlighting the urgent need forconservation action.Tea itself (Camellia sinensis) wasassessed as Data Deficient; despite itsglobal cultivation there is a lack ofavailable information on wild populationsof the species and nearly half of all otherCamellia species are at risk of extinctionin the wild.10TH INTERNATIONALCONGRESS ON EDUCATIONIN BOTANIC GARDENSCity gardens;New educational tools;Working together;Supporting formal education;Watch out for our next Red Listpublication. The Fraxinus Red List –coming soon .CARE FOR THE RAREAs part of the Care for the Rareinterpretation program, BGCI-US, inpartnership with the United StatesBotanic Garden, has launched a multisite mobile app for gardens to use tohighlight the important plants in theircollections. The app is currently beingpiloted across 10 gardens in the UnitedStates with plans to expand to a globaluser group in 2018.EX SITU SURVEY OF ORCHIDSAn ex situ collections assessment oforchids was completed by BGCI-US inpartnership with the United StatesBotanic Garden, using a list of 30,477orchid species from the World Checklistof Orchids and information from 468 plantand seed collections of orchids reportedin BGCI’s PlantSearch database. Of 789orchid genera, 516 (65%) are reported inex situ collections. The majority (64%) ofthe 604 globally threatened orchidspecies are not yet reported in any ex situcollections, and 20% are reported in fiveor fewer collections.CONSERVATION OF NORTHAMERICAN THREATENEDSPECIESThe call for abstracts for BGCI's 10thInternational Congress on Education inBotanic Gardens is now open. This evententitled "Bringing Life to the City" will takeplace at the University of Warsaw BotanicGarden on 9-14th September 2018. TheCongress sessions will be based aroundthe seven themes of the Congress: An associated ex situ survey revealedthat currently only 51% of threatenedTheaceae species are present in ex situcollections, with the majority of DataDeficient species not being incollections. The results of the full ex situsurvey are included in the report.Franklinia alatamaha(Arboretum Wespelaar)An ex situ gap analysis of NorthAmerican threatened species wasconducted by BGCI-US in partnershipwith the United States Botanic Garden.Data from BGCI’s PlantSearch andThreatSearch databases identified that3,598 (47%) of the 7,662 globallythreatened species in North Americaare currently reported in 706 ex situcollections around the world. One-third(1,100) of those species are reported byonly one ex situ collection.BGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1)05
FEATUREAuthor: Jean LinskyPLANT HUNTING TALESBOTANICAL SURVEYS IN JAPAN FINDING OUT WHAT’S THERE ANDWHAT'S NOTSurveys for plant species in temperate Japan provideimportant information for conservation activitiesdocument the flora of the country toinform conservation initiatives forthreatened species. This data is gatheredthrough botanical surveys which quicklyquantify the species diversity of a givenarea. Plant diversity data strengthenshotspot designation and providesvaluable information for a range ofresearch and conservation activities suchas species status assessments, ex situconservation planning and restorationinitiatives. Partnerships with botanicgardens across the country such as thosewith Toyama and Tsukuba botanicgardens on Honshu Island are key tocollating the data from these surveys andfor collecting species for ex situconservation in the UK.During my visit to Japan, I joined BenJones, Curator of the Harcourt Arboretumand Chris Thorogood, Director of Scienceand Public Engagement at OBGAThe group collecting specimens (Ben Jones)lant hunting may evoke an imageof an intrepid explorer strugglingfor weeks in hard conditions forthat one target species, with thoughts ofall other species forsaken. However,today, plant hunting is usually is moreabout gathering information on plantcommunities and understanding thedistribution of species in order to informconservation prioritization and action.This I learned during a trip to ToyamaPrefecture, Japan in July 2017 to joinP06botanists from the University of OxfordBotanic Garden and Harcourt Arboretum(OBGA) and the Toyama Botanic Gardento carry out surveys and gatherimportant botanical data.Japan is a biodiversity hotspot withapproximately 7,000 native plant species.The diversity of species across thecountry has long been to the focus ofan ongoing project led by the OBGA.The project’s aim to is to collect andBGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1) 06-07Tateyama Caldera (Jean Linsky)
to conduct botanical surveys of areaswhere the OBGA had surveyed and madeplant collections in previous years, and togather new data from un-surveyedlocations. After meeting the local expertteam at Toyama Botanic Garden, we wereready to visit our first site, the impressiveTateyama Caldera, a natural basin formedas a result of volcanic activity and erosion.Tateyama Caldera has been a major areafor research in erosion control for over100 years and more recently a researcharea for natural history. Exploring theflora surrounding the disused Tateyamahot spring requires hard hats and firmfootwear. This area had not beensurveyed by the OBGA project previouslyand results of the survey work and floralobservations will add direct data to verifypredictions of species distributions andclarify areas containing rare species. TheTateyama Caldera area hosts some therecognizable temperate species of Japansuch as those from the genera Acer andHydrangea as well as the Honshuendemic Salix rupifraga, recognized asVulnerable in Japan.During the week, the real excitementbegan during the re-sampling of a site atthe Nei No Sato, Toyama OutdoorMuseum. This site had been previouslysampled during the autumn season inOctober so re-sampling during thesummer was expected to reveal seasonalspecies and build our understanding ofthe species diversity in the area.Phacellanthus tubiflorus (ChrisThorogood)Sorting species specimens (Chris Thorogood)The team spread out across the samplingsite, making collections of every speciesencountered. In addition to theherbaceous and shrub plants found, acanopy tree count for each sampled sitewas made. After the sampling, weregrouped to identify what had beencollected in order to create an inventoryof species for that site. Any species foundmore than once was deemed ’onaji’,meaning ‘the same’ in Japanese as only asingle voucher of each species ismaintained as a representative of thediversity of that area. This process ofidentification requires local experttaxonomic botanists and we were luckyto have such expertise from the ToyamaBotanic Garden. While my skills inidentification of species in the Japaneseflora were rough to start with, by the endof the trip, I was able to recognize someof the more common species foundduring our surveys. The list compiled inthe Nei No Sato site will be compared bythe team at OBGA to the survey made inOctober and provide valuable informationon species distribution in Japan as wellas species community-level data, whichwill be useful for restoration initiatives inareas with similar characteristics.With the plant hunting on Honshucomplete, the OBGA team moved on tothe northern island of Hokkaido, toconduct further surveys and tostrengthen ex situ collections of Japanesespecies at OBGA. One of their mostinteresting finds was the rare parasiticplant Phacellanthus tubiflorus, a speciesnot known in cultivation. Seed of thisspecies will be grown at OBGA toCollecting data in the field (Jean Linsky)contribute to the conservation of thespecies and to enrich their collection ofrare and unusual parasitic plants – a keypriority for OBGA.The results of the botanical surveys - dataand living plant collections - allow teammembers in the UK and Japan to advanceplant conservation knowledge and actionthrough collaboration. The conservationvalue of botanic garden collections isimproved through field data collection,information which is sometimes missedwhen the blinders are on in the hunt for asingle plant species. So, as the work ofthe Oxford Botanic Garden and HarcourtArboretum continues, additional surveyingtrips will collect information from thesouthern, tropical areas of Japan, whichmeans there are many more plant huntingstories to come!BGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1)07
Rémy GindrozFEATUREAuthor: Min KimFEATURED GARDENBAEKDUDAEGAN NATIONAL ARBORETUMEstablishing the arboretumounded in 2015, BaekdudaeganNational Arboretum (BDNA), is anewly established arboretum inSouth Korea, due to officially open to thepublic in 2018. Located in the centre ofFBaekdudaegan, the largest and longestmountain range on the Korean Peninsula,BDNA plays a key role in plantconservation, addressing climate changeissues, the sustainable utilization of plantresources and public education. Inaddition, BDNA has the extensive facilitiesfor scientific research, including a SeedVault and an Alpine House to conserveendangered plant species, especiallythose affected by climate change.Strategic planningThe Alpine House08Loss of biodiversity due to rapidenvironmental changes and risingtemperatures, requires a global response.To address this, the Korea Forest Servicehas developed the National ArboretaExpansion Plan, which aims to develop aseries of national arboreta in differentclimates and eco-zones for plantconservation and restoration ecology.BGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1) 08-09BDNA was founded in 2015 as part of theNational Arboreta Expansion Plan. Sinceits establishment, BDNA has developed aScience Strategic Plan to be achieved by2030, with the aim of fulfilling SustainableDevelopment Goals 13 and 15 (ClimateAction and Life on Land). BDNA’s sciencestrategic plan includes the following;1) Plant diversity and conservation;2) Creating new value by promoting thesustainable use of ecosystems andmanaging forest resources;3) Delivering public value and providingenjoyable and inspiring forest services.Conservation activitiesFor plant diversity conservation, BDNAfocuses on the banking of wild plantspecies, especially endangered andendemic species. BDNA has a SeedVault facility and expertise to carry out
seed conservation research. The SeedVault will be used to study seedphysiology for the long-term storage offorest seeds.Furthermore, in order to protect, restoreand promote the sustainable use ofecosystems and manage forestresources, BDNA carries out a range ofstudies and activities. These include: biodiversity conservation in theBaekdudaegan area; studies of climate change impacts onforest ecosystems; ex situ conservation of alpine plantsfrom the Asian region (BDNA AlpineHouse); ecological restoration of degradedecosystems in Baekdudaegan; preservation of natural productsderived from forest biodiversity.BDNA is an arboretum managed bythe Korea Institute of ArboretumManagement (KIAM) and is supportedby the Korean government, KoreaForest Service (KFS). KIAM has beendirected in the Creation andFurtherance of Arboretums andGardens Act (Article 18-13), andsupports wider Korean governmentobjectives, through internationalcollaboration, research anddevelopment across the globe.BDNA has extensive facilities forscientific research, including a SeedVault, Seed Bank, scientificlaboratories and gardens with 27different themes, such as a RockGarden, Rhododendron Garden andBaekdudaegan Native Plants Garden.BDNA also provides an enjoyable andinspiring service to visitors. It iscontinually improving its gardenmanagement systems and provides highquality education to the public in orderto promote awareness of plant diversity.BDNA directly supports the Korea ForestService in achieving their priorities forimproving the forest and theenvironment, and we believe theseoutputs will have positive impacts onglobal environmental issues.Seed VaultThe mission of BDNA’s Seed Vault is tosecure plant diversity from the risks ofclimate change and national disasters,and to store seeds from South Koreaand across the globe. It is Asia’s firstand largest permanent seed store, withan underground tunnel-type structure,covering an area of 4,327m2 at 40mbelow the surface. It has the capacity tostore more than 2 million seeds.Rock GardenAlpine houseBDNA’s Alpine House is a large-scalecool greenhouse, built to support ex situconservation and to exhibit alpine plantsof the world. It is designed to conserveforest resources that are threatened dueto climate change. BDNA’s Alpine Houseconsists of three buildings with threedifferent kinds of alpine environmentsfrom around the world. It has an area of1,565m2 and is arranged on 2 levels(ground floor and underground floor).Seed VaultBGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1)09
FEATUREINTERVIEWTALKING PLANTSIn this issue of BGjournal, our interview consistsof a conversation between Marie Haga, ExecutiveDirector of the Crop Trust, and Richard Deverell,Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK,Richard and Mariatalk about the rolebotanic gardensshould play inachieving Target 2.5 of the UnitedNations Sustainable Development Goals.Marie and Richard are part of the FoodForever Initiative (FFI), a platform thataddresses Target 2.5 by raisingawareness for the importance andurgency to conserve and use agriculturalbiodiversity for enhanced food andnutritional security.SDG2: End hunger, achievefood security and improvednutrition and promotesustainable agricultureTarget 2.5:By 2020, maintain thegenetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plantsand farmed and domesticated animals andtheir related wild species, includingthrough soundly managed and diversifiedseed and plant banks at the national,regional and international levels.Ground nuts cleaned and shelled (ICRISAT)Marie Haga (MH): Hi Richard. Greatspeaking to you. Our organizations havea common goal in contributing to foodand nutritional security for each one ofus on the globe – today and in the future.Agriculture is facing its biggestchallenges ever due to climate change,population growth and growingcompetition for diminishing naturalresources. We are all up for trouble.Business as usual is just not an option.We cannot rely on more water, moreland, more fertilizers, and morepesticides to produce sufficient amountsof the right food. However, there isreason for hope. We have an untappedresource: the amazing wealth ofagricultural biodiversity - the thousandsupon thousands of edible plants – thatnature has given us. By fully tapping intothis global public good, we makemiracles possible, like developing plantsthat can stand higher temperatures, thatcan fight a new pest or provide highernutritional value. To make the most of10this resource, we need to safeguard it.The international community has finallyacknowledged the urgency of doing so.Under the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals, the United Nations has made acall to action for this very purpose underSDG 2, which aims to end hunger andpromote more sustainable agriculture.SDG Target 2.5 states that all agrobiodiversity has to be safeguarded by2020. How do you see botanicalgardens, such as the Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, contributing to this?Richard Deverell (RD): Hello Marie,good to be speaking with you again.Botanic gardens have an incrediblyimportant role in helping secure asustainable food supply for humanity.As you say, we are currently facing somegrave challenges. How will we feed 2billion extra people on earth in the next30 years, at a time of unprecedentedclimate change, while also facing whatmany refer to as the sixth globalBGCI 2018 BGjournal Vol 15 (1) 10-12extinction event? Botanic gardens havesignificant knowledge of plant diversityand its uses across the globe. We are aresource for scientists and agronomistswho are trying to achieve food securityand end hunger. But we also play anactive role in educating and engaging thepublic about the importance of plants inhelping answer that question. Plants areoften forgotten, but it is our role to speakout and to excite the public about howvital plants are for all of us. We have aduty to promote the importance ofplants, both in our gardens and acrossthe communities we serve.MH: The experiential learning botanicgardens offer is one of the best andmost effective ways to deliver thatmessage. More and more people areconcerned about what they eat; wheretheir food comes
the botanical knowledge of experts at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, combined with traditional knowledge, is being used to alleviate poverty (SDG1) in Mozambique (p.18). In completely different, urban, developed country settings, the Royal Botanical Gardens in Ontario is working with local authorities and nature conservation
The Royal Botanic Gardens Board Victoria is a statutory authority established under the Royal Botanic Gardens Act 1991. The Board is responsible to the Minister for Environment and Climate Change for fulfilling its statutory obligations under the Royal Botanic Gardens Act 1991 and the Royal Botanic Gardens Regulations 2004.
botanic gardens in "chaperoned" managed relocation is described by Adam Smith, Matthew Albrecht and Abby Hird. Well maintained records of the movements of plants between gardens along a climatic gradient will be essential in this process. The skills of botanic gardens in conservation, research, ecological restoration, invasive species .
managed gardens, the Australian National Botanic Gardens' collection includes over 70,000 plants. Collected over the last five decades, the plants range from coastal regions, alpine meadows, tropical rainforests to dry deserts. A world-leader in research The Australian National Botanic Gardens has a strong international reputation for scientific
Botanical Gardens and two areas of open parkland now known as the North and South Gardens. The Botanical Gardens Nursery was established in 1859. Plants and seeds were received from the Royal Melbourne and Geelong Botanic Gardens. In the 1860s, the principal tree planting began while in 1888 a maze was built in the North Gardens to the same .
botanical garden at Calcutta and he and Banks inaugurated the exchange of plants and seeds between Kew and botanical gardens in colonies and foreign countries. In 1823 the walled botanic garden at Kew occupied 11 acres, compared to the surrounding pleasure ground of lawns and woodlands of 178 acres. After the death of Banks in 1820, the gardens no
Kew Gardens and Wakehurst attract visitors from all over the world, led by the US, Australia, and Canada. In 2018/19, we estimate that overseas visitors received 13.6 million of value from visits to Kew's two botanic gardens, while Kew's total educational value to international students was 1.5 million.
Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium 9 June 2017 1 / 2Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium - Inspiring through plants 4 / 5 Image on previous page: Colonel William Light's Plan of Adelaide, 1837. The original proposed site for the Botanic Gardens can be seen in the north-west corner (the current location of Bonython Park).
and confirm that they have no conflict before accepting the appointment. External examiners must advise the Quality & Academic Standards Office immediately via email at pgtexamining@lshtm.ac.uk if a declaration of a conflict of interest needs to be made before appointment or arises during their term. 1. The LSHTM will not appoint anyone in the following categories or circumstances as an .
