Globalstar Licensed 2.4 GHz Technical Review

Globalstar Licensed 2.4 GHz Technical ReviewJanuary 2017

Globalstar Licensed 2.4 GHz Technical AgendaU.S. RESOURCE11.5 MHz of Nationwide Spectrum Representing 3.7 Billion MHz-POPsPRIMARY USE CASESHigh Density Dedicated Non-Macro Cell Deployments (e.g. Pico, Femto, and Related Small Cell Deployments)PRIMARY STANDARDTD-LTEECOSYSTEMBroad Device and Infrastructure Ecosystem with Existing Chipset ArchitecturesGLOBALPotential for Harmonized Terrestrial Authority Across Many International Regulatory Domains2

Mobile Data Demand and the RF Spectrum ResourceBetween 2013 and 2020, conservative projections indicate that mobile data demand will have grown by a factor of 30. Given the finite nature ofavailable RF spectrum for mobile applications, no realistically achievable amount of new spectrum resource will service this demand. Rather,network providers must rely upon spectrum allocations that are most compatible with high density indoor and outdoor small cell architectures.30.652% CAGR(2013-2020)30.6 Exabytes (EB) of data 21.7Exabytes (EB) per month2014.9x 1.5 million109.9transmitted over wirelessnetworks each Source: Cisco White Paper entitled “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2015-2020” dated February 1, 2016.3

Globalstar 2.4 GHz as a Small Cell ResourceThe Globalstar terrestrial band provides 11.5 MHz (3.7 Billion MHz-POP) across the entire United States. As a resource for LTE networks, Globalstar2.4 GHz is unique in its support of small cell deployment. The band holds physical, regulatory, and ecosystem qualities that distinguish it from othercurrent and anticipated allocations.2483.5 MHz2495.0 MHzEffective GBGlobalstar11.5 MHz Terrestrial10.5 MHz802.11 Wi-Fi1 MHz Guard Band3.5 MHzBluetoothSprint(AND OTHER EBS LEASE HOLDERS)Effective GB4W340 10 log (P) dB 343 10 log (P) dB(36 dBm)Small Cell ExclusivityPropagation InterferenceRapid LTE EcosystemInternational Potential Optimal 2.4 GHz PropagationCharacteristics Small Cell Applications are Limitedby Macro Cell Interference Spectrum Readily Compatible withExisting Chipset Architectures Harmonized Global Small Cell BandHas Been Elusive Part 25 Licensed Protection fromInterference Regulatory Ability to DevoteResource Exclusively to Small Cell Small Cell Infrastructure May UseLow Cost Device Transceivers Unique Opportunity to Create aGlobal LTE Band at 2.4 GHz4

Spectrographic View of Globalstar 2.4 GHzDue to favorable propagation characteristics, the globally harmonized unlicensed band at 2.4 GHz is both a uniquely important and pollutedallocation. The 11.5 MHz licensed terrestrial allocation in Globalstar spectrum has been established under highly protective Part 25 rules. As aresult, this band will enjoy full interference protection from adjacent services, permanently maintaining its performance characteristics for LTE.2400.0 MHz2495.0 MHz2483.5 MHz0.0Time (min)10.0-63 dBm-96 dBm2D SpectrogramBoston, MA09/28/2016Lat. 42.3561Long. -71.0531START: 2400.0 MHzSTOP:2495.0 MHzRes. BW:500 KHzGlobalstar11.5 MHz5

The Need for Dedicated LTE Small Cell SpectrumSmall cell dominated network topologies are essential to meeting wireless capacity demands. However, sharing spectrum across both macroand small cell layers introduces interference limitations that severely compromise network performance. Globalstar licensed 2.4 GHz providesa unique opportunity for operators to dedicate high quality spectrum exclusively to capacity producing small cell infrastructure.INTERFERENCELIMITATION TOSMALL CELL MALL CELLAREAUSEFULSMALL ALLCELLSMALLCELLINTERFERENCELIMITATION TOMACRO LAYERMACRO SMALL CELL SPECTRUMSMALLCELLSMALL CELLTRANSIITIONBOUNDARYSMALLCELLSMALL CELL ON DEDICATED SPECTRUM6

Scarcity of Dedicated LTE Small Cell SpectrumConventional commercial wireless network allocations must meet minimum population coverage requirements, which effectively prohibits theexclusive use of most carrier spectrum for small cell. In addition, low frequency carrier spectrum is not physically well suited to high-density smallcell topologies. Globalstar 2.4 GHz is at an ideal small cell wavelength and has no terrestrial population coverage requirements.POORVERSATILEIDEALSMALL CELL PHYSICSSMALL CELL REGULATORY330 MHz3000 MHz700 MHz600 MHzAWS1/3800 MHzCellular / SMRPCSAWS1/3AWS-4EBS BRSWCSAWS-4Globalstar11.5 MHz2483.5 MHzSee: FCC, Wireless Construction Requirements by Service, requirements-service2495.0 MHz7

Licensed 2.4 GHz Small Cell ImpactSmall cell represents the most viable method of meeting the next wave of capacity requirements. At 2.4 GHz, physical and regulatory advantagesenable the resource to produce multiples of the capacity possible on macro cellular spectrum in the same environment. Even minimal density oflow power cellular infrastructure improves effective capacity by more than one order of magnitude.Conventional Macro Cellular SectorMacro Performance Assumptions1 Watt Class 2.4 GHz LTE Small Cell1 W Small Cell Performance Assumptions0.2 Watt Class 2.4 GHz LTE Small Cell0.2 W Small Cell Performance Assumptions 10 x 10 MHz FD-LTE, Single 120 deg. Sector 10 MHz TD-LTE, 10-15 Outdoor Pico Cells 10 MHz TD-LTE, 25-50 Indoor Femto Cells Peak Aggregate Throughput: 86 Mbps Peak Aggregate Throughput: 500 Mbps Peak Aggregate Throughput: 1 Gbps Significant Variation in QoS Near Cell Boundary High Signal Quality Near Point of Consumption High Signal Quality Near Point of Consumption8

Globalstar 2.4 GHz LTE Ecosystem for DevicesTransceiver technology has evolved significantly since Globalstar’s original TLPS proposal. Whereas the RF chipset ecosystem of 2012 was highlyinflexible and unable to accommodate LTE services in Globalstar spectrum, current and anticipated radio architectures present a rapid path toavailability.2012 Transceiver Modem Technology2017 Transceiver Modem TechnologyLimited Licensed LTE Band Support 20 Band LTE Band SupportDiscrete Licensed Unlicensed TransceiversUnified Licensed Unlicensed TransceiversInflexible Radio ArchitectureHighly Flexible Radio ArchitectureGlobalstar ConsiderationsGlobalstar Considerations LTE Band Standardization Impractical New Licensed Chipset Architecture Supports Band Channel 14 Capability in Existing 802.11 Chipsets LTE Small Cell Functionality Software Filter (some devices) Modification Software Filter (some devices) Modification2.4 GHz Licensed 802.11 Band2.4 GHz Licensed LTE Band9

Globalstar 2.4 GHz LTE Ecosystem for InfrastructureFor conventional FD-LTE spectrum, transceivers used for infrastructure and devices are fundamentally different. This means that bulk quantitiesof transceivers and peripheral components (e.g. filters) may not be used to improve the economy of small cell ecosystems. For Globalstar 2.4GHz, however, TD-LTE enables small cell infrastructure that may use the same high volume / low cost chipsets as ordinary user equipment.Conventional FD-LTE SpectrumGlobalstar TD-LTE at 2.4 GHz3GPP Standards ProcessUplink / Downlink On Single Frequency BandTX Uplink Band / RX DownlinkBandDevice Chipsets Peripheral ComponentsRX Uplink Band / TX DownlinkBandDevice / Infrastructure Chipsets Peripheral ComponentsInfrastructure Chipsets Peripheral Components10

The Performance Benefits of TD-LTE vs. FD-LTESymmetrically paired spectrum is an artifact of early 1G / 2G networks, where uplink and downlink bandwidth consumption was identical. Today,data usage is strongly biased towards the downlink. TDD (Time Domain Duplex) spectrum permits adjustment of the uplink / downlink ratio tomatch demand patterns. Thus, a TD-LTE channel may demonstrate significantly higher performance than an FD-LTE channel of the same size.Average Ratio of Uplink to Downlink Traffic Volume for Typical ApplicationsUPLINKDOWNLINKConventional10 MHz FD-LTEGlobalstar 2.4 GHz10 MHz TD-LTE100%Percentage of uplink bytes / total bytes80%5 MHzDOWNLINK60%10 MHzUP / DOWN40%5 LINK rkingEmailBI-DIRECTIONALSee: Ericsson, Uplink Versus Downlink Traffic Volumes, 11

Representative Performance of Small Cell LTE Relative to 802.11 Wi-FiWhile 802.11 is a favorable protocol for many applications, LTE is a superior standard. This is especially true for carrier grade services that requirelow latency and consistent performance in high traffic environments. In moving to TD-LTE, Globalstar 2.4 GHz will enjoy a performance advantagerelative to the original TLPS concept. The data below summarizes the difference between TD-LTE and 802.11 characteristics.802.11 Wi-FiFrequency: 2.4 GHz TX Power Level: 24 dBm (250 mW) Antenna Configuration: UL – 2x2 DL – 2x2TD-LTEFrequency: 2.6 GHz TX Power Level: 23 dBm (200 mW) Antenna Configuration: UL – 1x2 DL – 2x2LTEsmall cellLTEsmall cellDOWNLOAD TIMEWiFi8060Download Time (s)Ping Latency INKTHROUGHPUTData Rate (Mbps)LATENCY1USER3USERSSee: Huawei, LTE Small Cell vs. Wi-Fi User Experience, www.huawei.com/ilink/en/download/HW 3239745USERS3VIDEO USERS5USERS5USERS12

International Potential for Globalstar 2.4 GHzDue to its role as a worldwide Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) provider, the Globalstar spectrum footprint is consistent across all internationalregulatory domains. Following the recent FCC rule making, Globalstar expects to expand its terrestrial authority in key international markets.New U.S. Terrestrial AuthorityEffective GBGlobalstar11.5 MHz Terrestrial802.11 Wi-Fi10.5 MHz1 MHz Guard Band3.5 MHzBluetoothSprint(AND OTHER EBS LEASE HOLDERS)Effective GBU.S. Satellite (MSS) Authority3.5 MHzBluetooth802.11 Wi-FiEffective GBGlobalstarSprint16.5 MHz MSS(AND OTHER EBS LEASE HOLDERS)GlobalstarIMT-260016.5 MHz MSS(IMT-E)10.5 MHzEffective GBTypical Existing Global Band PlanBluetooth3.5 MHzEffective GB802.11 Wi-FiNote: GB Guard Band13

U.S. RESOURCE 11.5 MHz of Nationwide Spectrum Representing 3.7 Billion MHz-POPs . allocation. The 11.5 MHz licensed terrestrial allocation in Globalstar spectrum has been established under highly protective Part 25 rules. . Long. -71.0531 START: 2400.0 MHz STOP: 2495.0 MHz Res. BW: 500 KHz Globalstar 11.5 MHz . The Need for Dedicated LTE .