Eed Control In Pastures And Orages - Texas A&M University
ESC-0244/14Weed Control in Pastures and ForagesPaul A. Baumann, Vanessa Corriher-Olson, and Larry A. Redmon
Weed Control in Pastures and ForagesPaul A. BaumannVanessa Corriher-OlsonLarry A. RedmonProfessor and State ExtensionWeed SpecialistAssistant Professor and ExtensionForage SpecialistProfessor and State ExtensionForage SpecialistThe Texas A&M University SystemTablePage1 Bermudagrass pastures—newly sprigged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Dormant bermudagrass pastures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Pasture sod suppression and renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Permanent grass pastures and established grass crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sorghum-sudan hybrids (forage types) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Alfalfa and clover—new plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Dormant, semidormant, or actively growing alfalfa and some clovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Winter pastures for grazing only (wheat, oats, rye, barley, ryegrass,and mixtures thereof) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Grazing/hay restrictions for pasture herbicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Boom sprayer calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Boomless sprayer calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15DisclaimerThe suggestions contained herein are based primarily on herbicide labels and research conducted by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and Texas A&M AgriLife Research. The use ofproduct names is not intended as an endorsement of the product or of a specific manufacturer, nor is there any implication that other formulations containing the same active chemical are notequally as effective. Product names are included solely to aid readers in locating and identifying the herbicides suggested.The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and noendorsement by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service is implied.This publication is no substitute for the herbicide product labels. It is intended to serve only as a guide for controlling weeds in pasture and forages. Because labeled rates andrestrictions change constantly, consult the product label before use.2
Using an integrated approach that combines cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods can help you manage weeds in pasturesand forages effectively, economically, and with little harm to theenvironment. Deciding which practice to use depends largely onthe weed(s) being controlled and the infestation level. Also, thecrop being planted plays a major role in determining when to usemechanical measures. Clean harvesting equipment before moving from one field tothe next, and require it of the custom harvesters before theyenter your fields. Before planting, use mechanical tillage to remove initial weedflushes; this practice can eliminate or reduce the potential forcontinued infestation. Consider the economics of using mechanical cultivationalone for weed control in the crop, especially where annualweed infestations are light. Rotate to crops that physically outcompete certain weeds,causing them to gradually decline.The following tables summarize key information about herbicides commonly used on pastures in Texas. Each table presentsinformation relevant to specific forage types and managementscenarios. Select the table that best represents your needs and information desired.Cultural and mechanical weed control Remove light or spotty weed infestations by hand-hoeing orspot cultivation to prevent spreading weed rhizomes, roots,or seed. When plowing perennial weeds, take care to prevent transporting and spreading plant parts to other areas of the field. Use weed-free planting seed to prevent weed infestations inthe row as well as the introduction of new weed species.3
Table 1. Bermudagrass pastures—newly spriggedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksAnnual grasses andannual broadleaf weedsWeedmaster(2,4-D dicamba)NufarmOutlawHelena1–2 qtPreemergence 7–10 daysafter plantingUse after planting vegetative stolons of hybridbermudagrass. Expect reduced control if weedsare allowed to reach 1 in. tall before applicationor if germination occurs 10 days after application.Consult Weedmaster supplemental label forfurther information.Annual broadleaf weedsDirex 4L(Diuron)MANA0.8–2.4 qtAfter planting andbefore emergence ofbermudagrass or weedsDo not pasture or mow for hay until 70 days aftertreatment.Times to applyRemarksTable 2. Dormant bermudagrass pasturesWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyAnnual broadleaf andgrass weeds includinglittle barleyGramoxone Inteon(paraquat dichloride)Syngenta1.0–2.0 ptPostemergence duringdormancyDo not pasture or mow for hay until 40 days aftertreatment. Gramoxone Inteon is a restricted-useherbicide and is poisonous. Using a surfactantimproves the performance of this herbicide.Annual grasses and weedsin bermudagrassRoundup Ultra(glyphosate)Monsanto1–4 ptActive weed growthbefore bermudagrassgrowth (dormantbermudagrass)Only one application per year per field. Applyat least 60 days before grazing or harvest. Useonly on fields that have an established stand ofbermudagrass where some temporary injury ordiscoloration can be tolerated. Do not use wherecool-season legumes make up a major part of theforage.Sandburs in dormantbermudagrassProwl H2O(Pendimethalin)BASF1.1–4.2 qt/APreemergentDo not pasture or mow for hay until 40 days aftertreatment. Do not exceed 3.2 qt of Prowl H2O peracre per year. Some stunting and chlorosis (palediscoloration of leaves) of bermudagrass mayoccur with postemergence applications.Application rateper acre (broadcast)4
Table 3. Pasture sod suppression and renovationWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksSod suppressionGramoxone Inteon(paraquat dichloride)Syngenta1.0–2.0 ptPostemergence in latesummer or early fall tosod not 3 in. tallBefore or at time ofseeding winter annualsDo not graze in treated areas until 60 days aftertreatment or until winter annuals seedlings are9 in. tall. Gramoxone Inteon is a restricted-useherbicide and is poisonous. Using a surfactantimproves the performance of this herbicide.Broadleaf weedsRoundup Ultra(glyphosate)Monsanto0.5–5 qtBefore planting foragegrasses and legumesUse for pasture, hay crop renovation, and labeledweeds. Note: Remove domestic livestock beforeapplication and wait 8 weeks after applicationbefore grazing or harvesting.Broadleaf weedsRoundup Ultra(glyphosate)MonsantoSpot treatment1–2% solution(1–2 qt per 25 gal ofwater)During active growthFor perennials, duringseedhead formationLabeled for forage grasses and legumes, includingbahiagrass, bermudagrass, bluegrass, fescue,ryegrass, alfalfa, and clover. Treat no more thanone-tenth of any one acre at any time.Times to applyRemarksPostemergence after100% bermudagrassgreen upExpect bermudagrass growth suppression aftertreatment. The severity and longevity of thissuppression is minimized if bermudagrass isactively growing at the application time andgood growing conditions prevail. Consult thelabel regarding varietal sensitivity. Applicationuniformity and accuracy is essential.Table 4. Permanent grass pastures and established grass cropsWeeds controlledAnnual and perennialgrasses such asbarnyard grass, largecrabgrass, green foxtail,johnsongrass, nutsedgespp, Texas panicum,field sandbur, broadleafsignalgrass, vaseygrass,and numerous broadleafweedsSuppression of bahiagrass,dallisgrass, and smutgrassProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyPlateau(imazapic)BASFApplication rateper acre (broadcast)2–12 oz (refer to labelfor weed specifics)continued on next page5
Table 4 continuedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksAnnual broadleaf weedsFor Texas bullnettle,spray in early bloomstage. Check the label forspecific perennial weeds.2,4-D amine or lowvolatile ester(2,4-D)Several manufacturers1 pt–1 qt(4 lb/gal product)Postemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingDo not apply to newly seeded grasses until thegrass is well established or after heading begins.Do not apply when grass is in boot to milk stageif producing grass seed is desired. Do not grazedairy animals on treated areas within 7 daysafter treatment. Using a surfactant improves theperformance of this herbicide. Note: White andarrowleaf clovers have tolerated 0.5 lb/A of 2,4-Dapplied in February or March in East Texas. EitherWeedmaster or Grazon P D typically gives bettercontrol of perennial weeds than 2,4-D alone.Annual broadleaf weedsFor Texas bullnettle, sprayin the early bloom stage.See label for specificperennial weeds.Weedmaster(2,4-D dicamba)NufarmOutlawHelena1 pt–1 qtYou can tank mix0.25–0.5 pt of Banvelwith 0.75–1.5 pt2,4-D amine or lowvolatile ester(4 lb/gal form)Postemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingAs above. Do not graze meat animals in treatedareas within 30 days of slaughter. Treated grassesmay be harvested for hay, but do not harvestwithin 37 days of treatment. Banvel alone islabeled for use in grass pastures. Consult the labelfor specific recommendations. Using a surfactantimproves the performance of this herbicide. Note:For Banvel alone in a rope wick, 1:3 water mixtureis labeled.Annual broadleaf weedsand selected perennialweeds (refer to label)GrazonNext HL(aminopyralid 2,4-D)1.2–2.1 ptPostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingUse higher rates for perennial weeds. Do not plantforage legumes until a soil bioassay is conductedto determine if aminopyralid residues in the soilwill adversely affect establishing legumes. Do notharvest forage for hay within 7 days of applyingGrazonNext HL.Annual broadleaf weedsand selected perennialweedsFor Texas bullnettle, sprayin the early bloom stage.See label for specificperennial weeds.Grazon P D(picloram 2,4-D)Dow AgroSciences1–4 ptYou can tank mix 0.25–0.75 pt Tordon 22K with1–3 pt 2,4-D amine orlow volatile ester (4 lb/gal form)As aboveNew legume seedlings may not be successful ifplanted within 1 year after applying herbicide.Do not transfer livestock onto broadleaf cropareas without first allowing 7 days of grazing onuntreated grass pasture. Tordon 22K (Picloram)alone is labeled for grass pastures.Consult the label for specific recommendations.Using a surfactant improves the performance ofthis herbicide.continued on next page6
Table 4 continuedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksHemp dogbane,johnsongrass, milkweed,silverleaf nightshade,ragweed, smutgrass,sunflower, vaseygrassRoundup Ultra(glyphosate)MonsantoWick or otherapplicators1:2, 1 gal in 2 gal ofwaterDuring active weedgrowth.For perennials, atseedhead formationRemove domestic livestock after application andwait 14 days before grazing and harvesting. Treatno more than one-tenth of any acre at a time.Make further applications in the same area at 30day intervals.Bahiagrass, annualbroadleaf weeds, andsome perennial broadleafweedsCimarron Plus(metsulfuron chlorsulfuron)DuPontCimarron MAX(metsulfuron dicamba 2,4-D)DuPontCimarron Xtra(metsulfuron methyl chlorsulfuron)DuPont0.125 to 1.25 ozConsult label.Cimarron Max is a2-part product usedin a ratio of 5 oz ofCimarron MAX PART Ato 2.5 gal of CimarronMAX PART B which willtreat 5 (Rate III), 10 (RateII), or 20 (Rate I) acres.0.5–2.0 oz/AWhen weeds are activelygrowingPostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingNo grazing restriction. Has residual soil activity,so it may affect the following crops: alfalfa, clover,and ryegrass. Rate for Pensacola bahiagrasscontrol is 0.375 oz/A. Using a surfactant improvesthe performance of this herbicide.Rate for Pensacola bahiagrass control is theequivalent of Cimarron MAX Part A at 0.33 oz/Aand Cimarron MAX Part B at 1.33 pt/A. Wait atleast 4 months before planting some clovers afterapplying Rate I. Check the label for other rotationrestrictions. There is no waiting period betweentreatment and grazing for nonlactating dairyanimals. There is a 37-day harvest restriction fordry hay.No grazing or hay harvest restrictions for CimarronXtra. Consult the label for bahiagrass control.Smutgrass and otherweeds in bermudagrassand bahiagrassVelpar L(hexazinone)DuPont2.75–4.5 ptWarm and moist soilconditions—weedsactively growingOnly one application per year. Oak trees are verysensitive to Velpar L. Do not feed treated forageor hay within 38 days of application. Using asurfactant improves the performance of thisherbicide. Some forage grass injury may occur.Annual broadleaf weeds,annual bromegrass, andannual ryegrassAmber(triasulfuron)Syngenta0.28–0.56 ozPostemergenceapplications to pastureswhen weeds are in anearly stage of activegrowthNo grazing restrictions. Has residual soil activity,so it may affect the following crops: alfalfa,bromegrass, clover highly sensitive to Amber, andryegrass. Amber can be tank-mixed with 2,4-D,Banvel, Grazon P D, Weedmaster, and WeedoneLV6 according to label. Using a surfactantimproves the performance of this herbicide.continued on next page7
Table 4 continuedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksPostemergence whenweeds are actively growingDo not apply more than 2.5 oz of Pastora/A peryear. No grazing or hay harvest restrictions.Bahiagrass, annual andperennial broadleafweeds, large crabgrass,johnsongrass, andsandbursPastora(metsulfuron methyl;nicosulfuron)DuPontAnnual and perennialbroadleaf weedsPasturAll HL(Aminopyralid 2,4-D)Dow AgroSciences1–4.5 pt/APostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingDo not harvest forage for hay within 7 daysof application. Do not make more than twoapplications per year. Do not apply within 30 daysof previous application.Annual and perennialbroadleaf weedsPasturegard HL(triclopyr fluroxypyr)Dow AgroSciences1.5–4 pt/APostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingDo not harvest hay within 14 days afterapplication.Annual and perennialbroadleaf weeds andbahiagrassChaparral(metsulfuron methyl aminopyralid)Dow AgroSciences1.0–3.3 oz/APostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingNo grazing or hay harvesting restrictions.1–1.5 oz/AFor sandbur control, whensandbur is less than 1.5” tallSandbur greater than 1.5in. tall may be suppressed,resulting in a reduction insandbur seed heads8
Table 5. Sorghum-sudan hybrids (forage types)Weeds controlledAnnual weeds and grassesProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyAAtrex 4LAAtrex Nine-O(atrazine)SyngentaApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarks3.2–4 pt1.7–2.6 lbPreemergence: During orshortly after plantingApply only on Texas Gulf Coast and Blackland areas. In caseof planting failure, sorghum or corn may be replanted. Donot make a second application. If originally applied in aband and sorghum or corn is replanted in untreated rowmiddles, this product may be applied in a band to thesecond planting. Use low rates where organic matter is1–1.5% and high rates on soil with more than 1.5% organicmatter. Use only on medium- and fine-textured soil. Note:Do not graze or feed forage from treated areas for 21 daysafter application. In sorghum sudan and millets, 2,4-D canbe used postemergence for broadleaf weed control.Postemergence: 2.4 pt/A(4L) or 1.3 lbs/A (Nine-O)when sorghum is 6–12 in.tallDo not applypostemergence in liquidfertilizer solution.Annual broadleaf weedsWeedmaster(2,4-D dicamba)Nufarm1 pt–1 qtPostemergence whenweeds are activelygrowingDo not graze meat animals in treated areas within 30 daysof slaughter. Do not graze lactating dairy animals in treatedareas within 7 days of treatment. Do not harvest for haywithin 37 days of treatment. Using a surfactant improvesthe performance of this herbicide.Application rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksBalan DF(benefin)Loveland products2 lb/A on coarse andmedium soilsPreplant; incorporatebefore seeding alfalfaIncorporation equipment should be a tandem disc,PTO-driven tillers, cultivators, or hoes. Use only on alfalfa,birdsfoot trefoil, and clover (alsike, ladino, and red). Note:Balan is also labeled as a preplant treatment beforeplanting alsike and ladino clovers.Eptam 7E(EPTC)Gowan2.25–4.5 pt/APreplant; incorporateimmediately following theapplicationTemporary crop stunting and sealing of the first leavesoccurs if conditions for germination and growth are notoptimum. Adequate rainfall or irrigation relieves cropsymptoms. Do not use on white dutch clover. Do not applywithin 14 days of harvesting or grazing alfalfa.Table 6. Alfalfa and clover—new plantingsWeeds controlledAnnual grasses and someannual broadleaf weedsAnnual grasses and someannual broadleaf weedsProduct(Herbicidecommon name)Company2.5 lb/A on fine soils9
Table 7. Dormant, semidormant or actively growing alfalfa and some clovers (refer to product label)Weeds controlledAnnual broadleaf weedsand annual grassesProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanySinbar 80W(terbacil)NovaSourceApplication rateper acre (broadcast)0.5–1.5 lbs.Times to applyRemarksBefore or after emergenceof weeds but before theyare 2 in. tall or acrossTreat only semidormant or dormant standsestablished for 1 year or more.Dormant alfalfa: Make a single application in thefall after plants become dormant or in the springbefore new growth begins.Semidormant or nondormant varieties: Apply infall or winter after last cutting or in spring beforenew growth starts.Note: Do not use on seedling alfalfa or alfalfa-grassmixtures. Do not apply to established stands afternew growth starts in the spring. Do not apply onsnow-covered or frozen ground as crop injury mayresult.Annual broadleaf weedGrasses and certainbroadleaf weedsAnnual grasses andbroadleaf weeds2,4-DBSeveral manufacturersKerb 50W(pronamide 0.5–0.75 lbs.)Dow AgroSciencesTreflan TR-10 Granules(trifluralin)Dow AgroSciences1–3 qtUse 1–2 qt. if weeds areless than 1 in. high, 2–3qts if weeds are 1–3inches high.1–1.5 lb20 lb10Postemergence whenclovers have 2–4 trifoliateleaves.Labeled for seedling and established alfalfa,seedling birdsfoot trefoils, seedling alsike clover,seedling ladino clover, and seedling red clover.Using a surfactant improves the performance ofthis herbicide.Note: Do not graze or feed seedling clovers within60 days after application. Do not feed hay fromtreated crops to livestock within 30 days afterapplication. Do not use on established cloversgrown for seed.Preemergence to weedsduring fall or wintermonths in establishedlegumes or in newplantings in trifoliate leafstageEffective with dependable rainfall or overheadirrigation. With low rainfall or furrow irrigation,increase rate 0.5 lb of product per acre.Preemergence to weedsafter January 1Follow application with ½ inch of sprinklerirrigation or rainfall or flood irrigation within3 days. If this has not occurred, then performshallow cultivation to activate and uniformlydistribute the herbicide, taking care not to causesevere injury to the alfalfa.Note: Do not graze or harvest for forage ordehydration within 25 days after application.
Table 7 continuedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksAnnual grasses andbroadleaf weedsGramoxone Extra(paraquat dichloride)Syngenta12.8 ozBetween cuttings inestablished standsDo not treat more than 5 days after cutting. Donot cut or harvest within 30 days of application.Gramoxone Extra is a restricted-use herbicideand is poisonous. Using a surfactant improves theperformance of this herbicide.Annual grasses andbroadleaf weedsPursuit DG(imazathapyr)BASF1.08–2.16 ozPostemergence toseedling alfalfa (2ndtrifoliate or larger) orestablished alfalfaMake established alfalfa applications when thealfalfa is dormant, semidormant (less than 3 in. ofregrowth), or between cuttings. Weeds should be1–3 in. tall at application. Add a surfactant or cropoil concentrate and a liquid fertilizer solution to thespray mixture. Application rate depends on weedspecies and size. Do not apply more than 2.16 oz peryear.Annual broadleaf weedsand certain annual grassesKarmex DF(diruon)MANA1.5–2 lbsPreemergence in Marchor early April, but beforespring growth begins onthe alfalfaTreat dormant stands of alfalfa established for 1year or more. Do not apply to seedling alfalfa or toalfalfa-grass mixtures; do not apply to alfalfa understress from disease, insect damage, shallow rootpenetration, or alkali spots; do not apply to floodedfields or to snow-covered or frozen ground becausecrop injury may result.Do not exceed 3 lbs peracre per yearNote: Do not graze or feed forage or hay to livestockwithin 30 days following application.Annual grasses andbroadleaf weedsVelpar(hexazinone)Velpar 90W(hexazinone)DuPont1–3.0 qt on soils withless than 1% organicmatter: consult labelfor rates on specific soiltextures.0.5–1.5 lb: consult labelas above.Annual broadleaf weedsand grassesMetribuzin 75(metribuzin)Loveland½–1.33 lb/APreemergence or earlypostemergence to theweeds in the fall or winterafter alfalfa becomesdormant or in the springbefore new growthbeginsTreat dormant stands of alfalfa established for 1 yearor for 1 growing season. Do not apply to activelygrowing alfalfa or to stubble between cuttings. Donot apply to snow-covered, frozen ground.When weeds are less than2 in. tall or before weedfoliage is 2 in. in diameterTreat only dormant, established alfalfa. Injury mayoccur if metribuzin is applied earlier than 12 monthsafter seeding. Apply metribuzin after growth ceasesin the fall or before it begins in the spring.Do not apply metribuzinduring the first growingseason after seeding.Note: Do not graze or feed forage or hay to livestockwithin 30 days following application.Note: Do not graze or harvest within 28 days afterapplication.continued on next page11
Table 7 continuedWeeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksAnnual grasses and someannual broadleaf weedsEptam 7E(EPTC)Gowan2.25–3.5 pt/AMeter into the irrigationwater applied toestablished stands beforeweed emergence.Use the lower rate on very coarse soils. Limit useto one application per cutting. Do not use onwhite dutch clover. Do not apply within 14 days ofharvesting or grazing alfalfa.Annual broadleaf weeds2,4-DBSeveral manufacturers1–3 qtWhen weeds are less than3 in. highTreat alfalfa when plants have 2–4 trifoliate leaves.For irrigated crops, apply herbicide as soon aspossible after irrigation. Delay next irrigation for atleast 7–10 days after spraying to avoid washing thechemical into the root zone. 2,4-DB is a restricteduse herbicide. Using a surfactant improves theperformance of this herbicide. Note: Do not grazetreated crop or feed hay from treated crop tolivestock within 60 days after application.Treat weeds in the rosettestage when the rosettesare less than 3 in. across.Annual and perennialgrassesPoast Plus1.5–2.25 ptWhen grass weeds areactively growing and 4–25in. tall(sethoxydim)BASFConsult label for specificweed recommendations.12During active growth, Poast Plus is absorbedthrough the leaves and translocated to rootsand buds. Minimum time from application toharvest is 14 days for hay or 7 days for grazing orgreen chop. Always add 1 pt/A of DASH or 1 qt/Aof crop oil concentrate to enhance herbicideperformance. Consult label use rate andapplication timing specifications for differentparts of Texas.
Table 8. Winter pastures for grazing only (wheat, oats, rye, barley, ryegrass, and mixtures thereof)Weeds controlledProduct(Herbicidecommon name)CompanyApplication rateper acre (broadcast)Times to applyRemarksAnnual broadleaf weeds(Refer to label forspecific weedscontrolled.)Metsulfuron 60EG AG(Metsulfuron methyl)Arysta LifeScience0.1 oz/APostemergence after2-leaf stage but beforeboot stage of wheat orbarleyIf ryegrass is present, slight to severe injurymay occur. Metsulfuron may be combined withother herbicides for expanded broadleaf weedcontrol. Metsulfuron has no grazing restrictionin labeled crops. Using a surfactant improves theperformance of this herbicide.Annual broadleaf weeds(Refer to label forspecific �0.56 ozPostemergence onwheat up to prebootstage or barley from2-leaf to pre-boot stageAmber is labeled for use in wheat and barley only.Applications to ryegrass or other winter foragesmay result in severe damage. Amber may becombined with other herbicides for expandedweed control. Refer to the label for additionalprecautions and recommendations. Amber hasno grazing restriction on labeled crops. Usinga surfactant improves the performance of thisherbicide.Annual broadleaf weedsand some biennial andperennial broadleafweeds(Refer to the labelfor specific weedscontrolled.)MCPASeveral manufacturers0.5–1.5 ptPostemergence aftergrain is in 3- to 4-leafstage, or fully tillered forthe 1.5 pt rateUse higher rates for biennial and perennial weeds.Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed for 7days. Refer to the specific MCPA product labelfor additional restrictions and precautions. Usinga surfactant improves the performance of thisherbicide.Annual broadleaf weedsand some biennial andperennial broadleafweeds(Refer to label forspecific weedscontrolled.)2,4-DSeveral manufacturers0.5–1.5 pts.Postemergence aftergrain is fully tilleredMost 2,4-D products are labeled for use in wheat,barley, and rye. Application timings other thanthose recommended on the individual 2,4-Dproduct label may result in small grain injury. Usethe higher rate range for biennial and perennialweeds. Consult individual product label foradditional precautions and use restrictions. Usinga surfactant improves the performance of thisherbicide.13
The following table contains all products previously listed in this publication and any grazing, haying, or slaughter restrictions.Table 9. Grazing/hay restrictions for pasture herbicides in days1Lactating dairyHerbicideNon-lactatingMeat 0030NL2Banvel0.5 qt/A0.5–1qt/A1–2 qt/A72140375170000373737000373737303030Cimarron MAXCimarron PLUSCimarron EXTRA700370070037007003700NLNLNLDiurex 4L707070707070NLGrazonNext HL070707NLGrazon P D7300300303PasturAll HL070707NLPasturegard HL0140140143PlateauNL7NL7NL7NLProwl H2O404040404040NLReclaim0000000Remedy 2 qt/A2–6 qt/A14NS3NSNS014714 – NS4014714 – NS433Roundup UltraSpot (0.1/A)Renovation 1145614561456145614561456NLNLTordon 22K140 ( 1 qt)00 ( 1 qt)00 ( 1 qt)3Velpar L038038038NLWeedmaster737037037302,4-D amine73073073032,4-D ester7307307303This table is only intended to be used as a guideline for these restrictions. Always refer to the most current label for up-to-date recommendations.NL No restrictions listed on label3NS Next season4Refer to label for specific time interval based upon use rate.1214
Boom Sprayer Calibration Determine nozzle spacing. Refer to the table below for the length of the calibrationcourse. Mark off the calibration course on the area to be sprayed. Record the time required to drive the calibration course at thedesired field gear and rpm to be used while spraying. Park the tractor, maintain rpm used to drive the course, turnon the sprayer, and set it at the proper pressure for desirednozzle tips. Catch water from one nozzle for the time equal to that required to drive the calibration course. Ounces of water caught gallons per acre. Divide gallons per acre into the number of gallons in the spraytank to determine how many acres will be sprayed. Add theappropriate amount of herbicide for the number of acres to besprayed.Chart for Nozzle Spacing and Length of Calibration CourseNozzle spacing (in.)Length of calibration course* (linear ft)18203040227204136102* To determine the calibration course for a nozzle spacing not listed, divide the spacingexpressed in feet into 340 (340 sq. ft. 1/128). Example: Calibration distance for 19-inch nozzlespacing 340 19/12 215 feet.Boomless Sprayer Calibration Determine the swath width. Refer to the table below for the length of the calibrationcourse. Mark off the calibration course. Record the time required to drive the calibration course at thedesired field gear and rpm. Park the tractor, maintain rpm used to drive course, turn onthe sprayer. Catch water for the time equal to that required to drive thecalibration course. Pints of water caught gallons per acre. Divide gallons per acre into the number of gallons in the spraytank to determine how many acres will be sprayed. Add theappropriate amount of herbicide for the number of acres to besprayed.Chart for Nozzle Spacing and Length of Calibration CourseEffective Swath Width (feet)253035404550Length of calibration course*(linear feet)
Cultural and mechanical weed control emove light or spotty weed infestations by hand-hoeing or R spot cultivation to prevent spreading weed rhizomes, roots, or seed. hen plowing perennial weeds, take care to prevent trans W - porting and spreading plant parts to other areas of the field. se weed-free planting seed to prevent weed infestations in U
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Weed control in pastures can be a very difficult challenge. Plant species are unique in livestock grazing systems. Focus on the plants that animals avoid eating and those containing low nutritional value. Good weed control takes dedication and utilization of several weed control methods. Introduction
Annual and perennial weed control in pastures and hayfields is an important aspect of successful forage management. This publication will dis-cuss control measures for many of the common weeds found in Virginia and West Virginia perma-nent fescue and mixed fescue / bluegrass / or-chardgrass pastures and hayfields. In mixed grass
Cimarron MAX offers excellent weed control to help improve the quality and yield of your pastures and rangeland. A single application of Cimarron MAX herbicide can help provide season-long control of a broad spectrum of weeds. Effective and affordable weed control is the key to realizing the full potential of today's pastures and rangeland.
Management to assist landholders with long term weed management and nozzle selection to assist in more effective herbicide application and drift control. There are three new weed control tables including; Table 6. Pastures - grass weeds. Table 7. Pastures - broadleaf weeds. Table 11. Woody weeds, vines and creepers - high
Weed Control in Pastures & Hay Meadows Vanessa Corriher -Olson, Ph.D. Extension Forage Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Overton, TX 1 Reasons Our Pasture Weed Control Doesn't Work Spraying too early Misidentification of the weed Bad environmental conditions Sprayed at the wrong growth stage Used the wrong product
Nylostab S-EED is an unique multifunctional additive specially tailored for polyamides. Nylostab S-EED improves processability of fiber spinning, molding and fiber manufacturing. It also enhance thermal and light stability as well as dyeabilit
health care for poor persons under the Constitution, or that wealth distinctions create a “suspect class,” the Court would likely evaluate governmental actions involving health care using the less rigorous “rational basis” standard of review. Most health care legislation would likely be upheld, as it has been, so long as the government can show that the legislation bears a rational .
