Intro To Quantum Computing Martin J Savage
Intro to Quantum ComputingWorkshop on Quantum Computing and Quantum SensorsDESY, August 11, 2020Martin J Savage1
Quantum Information Science and Computing QIS: the nature, acquisition, storage, manipulation,computing, transmission, and interpretation ofinformation.U.of New South Entanglement and superposition distinguish quantuminformation from classical information. Improving control of superposition and entanglementover macroscopic space-time volumes has producedfirst devices for quantum computation and quantumsensing. Defining the Quantum-2 era.2
The Potential of Quantum Computing5 qubits withtechniques for 21arXiv:2001.01120 [physics.chem-ph]Dave Wecker 100 qubit devices can address problems in chemistry that are beyond classical computing50 qubits : 20 petabytes Leadership-Class HPC facility300 qubits : more states[1090]than atoms in universe[1086]3
Where a quantum advantage may be achievedQuantum Field Theories andReal-Time Dynamics parton showersFundamental Symmetries indefinite particle number fragmentation gauge symmetries and constraints neutrino-nucleus interactions entangled ground states neutrinos in matter early universe phase transitions - matter? non-equilibriumDense Matter neutron stars gravity waves medium nuclei chemical potentials
Where a quantum advantage may be achieved - 2Classical Computing Euclidean spacehigh-lying states difficultsignal-to-noisesevere limitations for real-time or inelasticcollisions or fragmentationQuantum Computing real-time Minkowski space evolutionexponentially-large Hilbert spacesS-matrixmitigated sign problem(s) (naively)integrals over phases
“First Qubits” for Scientific ApplicationsHemmerling, Cornel, https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID 64150NISQ-era quantum devices for applications
Analog, Digital and Hybrid Simulationanalog simulationsdigital computationsH : native to systeme.g. trapped-ions,e.g. atoms in optical latticessuperconducting qubitsSRF cavitiesH : universal gate setsBECssystematics?NISQ, a while before error-correctedHybridQPU “like” a GPUfor the intrinsicallyquantum parts of thecomputationScaling?
Analog Simulation (classic) examplesAllan Adams1, Lincoln D Carr2,3,6, Thomas Schäfer4, Peter Steinberg5 and John E Thomas4Published 19 November 2012 IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische GesellschaftNew Journal of Physics, Volume 14, November 2012Elliptic flowEndres et al,arXiv:1203.3169cold atom simulation
Analog Simulation examplesSRF cavitiesLLNL and FermiLabToward nuclear reactionsand field theory
Analog Simulation : Quantum Field Theory - ideasarXiv:1911.00003v1 [quant-ph] 31 Oct 2019arXiv:1908.03210v1 [quant-ph] 8 Aug 2019Hauke et alQuantum Link Models(see Schladaming lectures byUwe-Jens Wiese, 2015)
Digital SimulationUMD/IonQ benchmarkedall-to-all 11 qubits 2018Innesbruck - 20 qubitsNature 2019Unitary operations implemented throughquantum circuits using a set of gatese.g., entangling gateCNOT(1;2) Λ0 I Λ1 m.com/@jonathan onducting-circuit-4c30b1b296cd
Digital SimulationReport edited byM. Martinosi and M. RoettelerarXiv:1903.10541 Minimal or no error correction Few hundred qubits with modest gate depth Imperfect quantum gates/operations - like running experiments’’ Different flavors’’ NISQ-era is the next decade of quantumsimulation much to be gained during this period learn by doing - just like all experimentsFirst Steps being takento understand our problems Searching to find Quantum Advantage(s) inscientific applicationsGenerically, 3 “workflow phases”1. state preparation - generally, entangled2. time-evolution - Trotterized evolution operator3. measurement
Scalar Field TheoryThe Gold Standard - Jordan, Lee, PreskillBQP-completexΦ Discretize 3-d SpaceDefine Hamiltonian on gridTrotterized time evolutionTechnology transfer from Lattice QCDDigitize field(s)13
Scattering Wavepackets in Scalar Field Theory1.Create wavepackets of free theory2. Adiabatically evolve the system to interacting system3. Evolve the prepared state forward4. Adiabatically evolve systems to free theory OR introducelocalized detectors into the simulation14
Digital SimulationDynamics in the Schwinger ModelBaby steps using small, 1dim systems1 1 dim QED(2016)0.70.6〈e-e 〉0.50.40.30.20.10.00.00.51.01.52.0scaled onybrookarXiv:2002.11146v1 [quant-ph]InnesbruckBNL-Oxford
Digital SimulationExamplesTowards fragmentation andhadronic structureA quantum algorithm for high energyphysics simulationsChristian W. Bauer, Wibe A. de Jong, Benjamin Nachman,Davide Provasoli, arXiv:1904.03196 [hep-ph]
Digital SimulationThe role of spin modelsHEP ockey et al.
Matrix ElementsToward Inelastic Neutrino Nucleus Interactions2D Hubbard Model
How to Digitize Scalar FieldsWhat is the optimal way to map field theories onto NISQ-era quantum computers?Field basisHarmonic Oscillatore.g., 3 Qubits 8 StatesJordan, Lee and Preskill - several worksRolanda Somma [LANL]Macridin, Spentzouris, [FNAL]Siopsis, Pooser, [ORNL/UTK]Klco,MJS [UW]e.g., Gray-encodingOlivia diMatteo et al19
Localized State Preparation and the RGNatalie Klco and MJSe-Print: 1912.03577 [quant-ph]e-Print: 2002.02018 [quant-ph]20
Digital SimulationLattice Theories: Logical Qubits and Error CorrectionKitaev (1997)Kitaev-Laumann (2009)
Starting down the PathDigitizing SU(2) Gauge TheoryFermiLab22
SU(2) Gauge Theory on IBMs DevicesTwo plaquettes with jmax 1/2 a toy23
Digital SimulationNew Tricks’’Together with new Trotter product formulaeerror bounds, and a novel low-weightfermionic encoding, this improves uponstate-of-the-art results by over three ordersof magnitude in circuit-depth-equivalent.See also, Childs et alhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.08854.pdf
Digital SimulationNew Tricks’’Measurement-Error Correctionpromising developmentmay scale betterinvertible by constructionsee also IBM, RigettiMeasurequbits 0 or 1 Vdevice M.VmcIBM protocolCostly to go to scaleMinimization to find MApply to all measurementstime-dependence - high rep. rate
Lattice SimulationsDistillable EntanglementNatalie Klco MJS“Harmonic Chains” 2004Reznik, Marcovitch, Retzker,Plenio, Tonni, Calabrese, Cardy, .
Summary Quantum Simulations are expected to be able to address HEPproblems inaccessible to HPC in the future spinning-up’’ — develop algorithms, expertise and workforce tomove toward solving beyond-classical problems. Qualitative new understandings likely to feed back into classical? Sensors and simulators are intertwined Diverse collaboration are essential, HEP, NP, BES, QIS, expt, theory
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Analog Simulation : dense matterexampleSelection of different experimental systems/atoms, controls,(number of) species and accessible observablesNew Frontiernon-equilibrium dynamics of strongly-interacting systemse.g. evolution of domain wallsOne example: Dilute neutron matterShort-range correlationsThe Contact’’Unitary Fermi GasBiswaroop Mukherjee, Parth B. Patel, Zhenjie Yan, Richard J. Fletcher, Julian Struck, Martin W. ZwierleinSpectral response and contact of the unitary Fermi gas, df
Symmetric Exponentials on Poughkeepsie3-spatial sitesIBM PoughkeepsieNatalie Klco and MJSORNL-IBMnQ 3 nQ 3 nQ 3 ϕ(0) ϕ(1) ϕ(2) Working with FermiLab to prepare entangled ground state
2 1, 3 1 Gauge TheoriesGauss's Law, Duality, and the HamiltonianFormulation of U(1) Lattice Gauge TheoryDavid B. Kaplan, Jesse R. Stryker, arXiv:1806.08797[hep-lat]SU(2) lattice gauge theory: Local dynamicson nonintersecting electric flux loopsRamesh Anishetty, Indrakshi Raychowdhury,Phys.Rev. D90 (2014) no.11, 114503 arXiv:1408.6331[hep-lat]Digital quantum simulation of lattice gaugetheories in three spatial dimensionsJulian Bender, Erez Zohar, Alessandro Farace, J.Ignacio Cirac,New J.Phys. 20 (2018) no.9, 093001, arXiv:1804.02082 [quant-ph]Quantum Simulation of Gauge TheoriesNuQS Collaboration (Henry Lamm et al.).e-Print: arXiv:1903.08807 [hep-lat]
Entanglement and superposition distinguish quantum information from classical information. Improving control of superposition and entanglement over macroscopic space-time volumes has produced first devices for quantum computation and quantum sensing. Defining the Quantum-2 era. U.of New South 2 Quantum Information Science and Computing
1. Quantum bits In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit is the basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
Quantum computing is a subfield of quantum information science— including quantum networking, quantum sensing, and quantum simulation—which harnesses the ability to generate and use quantum bits, or qubits. Quantum computers have the potential to solve certain problems much more quickly t
Topics History of Computing What are classical computers made of? Moore's Law (Is it ending?) High Performance computing Quantum Computing Quantum Computers Quantum Advantage The Qubit (Information in superposition) Information storage Different kinds of quantum computers Superconducting vs Ion Traps Annealing vs Universal/Gate quantum computers
Quantum computing with photons: introduction to the circuit model, the one-way quantum computer, and the fundamental principles of photonic experiments . quantum computing are presented and the quantum circuit model as well as measurement-based models of quantum computing are introduced. Furthermore, it is shown how these concepts can
Keywords—machine learning, quantum computing, deep learning, quantum machine intelligence I. INTRODUCTION There is currently considerable interest in quantum computing. In the U.S. in January 2019, the National Quantum Initiative Act authorized 1.2 billion investment over the next 5-10 years (Rep Smith, 2019). A quantum computing race is ongoing
According to the quantum model, an electron can be given a name with the use of quantum numbers. Four types of quantum numbers are used in this; Principle quantum number, n Angular momentum quantum number, I Magnetic quantum number, m l Spin quantum number, m s The principle quantum
Quantum effects - superposition, interference, and entanglement NISQ - Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum technology, often refers in the context of modern very noisy quantum computers QASM - Quantum Assembly used for programming quantum computers Quantum supremacy - demonstration of that a programmable quantum
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