Guide To New Haven's Trees - Urban Resources Initiative
Guide to New Haven’s TreesURIUrban Resources InitiativeNew Haven, Connecticut
Guide to New Haven’s TreesURIUrban Resources InitiativeNew Haven, ConnecticutPhilip Marshall, Ph.D
AcknowledgementsThe development of this publication is a reflection of the dual mission of theUrban Resources Initiative: to provide Yale students a clinical experience inurban community-based forestry and to foster citizen-driven environmentalstewardship. Earlier versions of the book depended on the work of Yalegraduate students Yi-Wen Lin and Jacob Holzberg-Pill. Philip Marshall advancedthe beta document to this more comprehensive edition, which can readilyserve anyone living in or around the City of New Haven. The document isdesigned to help people develop tree identification skills and guide in theselection of appropriate trees for streetscape plantings. We are especiallygrateful to Josephine Bush and the Robbins de Beaumont Foundation for theirsupport, which made updating New Haven’s tree inventory and producing thispublication possible.
ContentsIntroduction.2List of Tree Species.9Dichotomous Leaf Key.15Tree Species.23Appendix:Species Suitable for Planting.117Glossary.123Sources.129
2IntroductionNew Haven’s Tree CanopyIn 2000, the City of New Haven hired a private firm to conduct acomplete census (or inventory) of New Haven’s street trees. Theinventory data included 30,000 entries detailing tree species, location,condition (live, dead, stump), size, and maintenance observations.The Department of Parks provided URI the data in 2007 to update theinventory. Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies graduatestudent Suzy Oversvee, working with Jeff Ward at the ConnecticutAgricultural Station, converted the data into a format compatiblewith ArcGIS. Since 2007, URI has hired local teens to update the dataevery summer. Resurrecting this data provides valuable informationregarding the street tree canopy, including distribution by speciesand size and overall population. Another Yale School of Forestry &Environmental Studies graduate student, Casey Brown, convertedthe ArcGIS inventory data into a Google platform so that it is publiclyaccessible via www.environment.yale.edu/uri. Anybody can nowlook up addresses and retrieve inventory information about a treein front of their home.
34In addition to her work with ArcGIS, Suzy ran a STRATUM analysis(Street Tree Resource Analysis Tool for Urban-Forest Managers) todetermine the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided bystreet trees. (For example, reductions in carbon dioxide, storm waterrunoff, air particulates, and energy demand). Using the STRATUMmodel, she found the total economic benefits of New Haven’s streettrees exceed 4 million per year.Key findings of economic values associated with the ecosystemservices from street trees are:ENERGY CONSERVATION (valued at 1,700,000 per year) In summer, trees lower ambient temperatures by:Intercepting solar energy and using it for photosynthesis and biomassproduction.Producing shade that lowers the temperature on the ground by asmuch as 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Cooling costs are significantlyreduced in areas with healthy tree canopies. In winter, trees lower wind speeds, reducing heating costs.AIR QUALITY (valued at 356,000 per year) Roughly 60,000 pounds of pollutants, like ozone and particulates, areremoved from the atmosphere each year, either by being depositedon leaves or consumed during photosynthesis. Trees use carbon from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide– one of themost prevalent greenhouse gases) to build biomass (branches, leaves,and other plant tissue). This is called carbon sequestration. Every yearin New Haven, roughly 7,500,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is removedfrom the atmosphere and sequestered in tree biomass. Trees prevent the release of additional carbon to the atmosphere bylowering energy use during summer and winter.STORM WATER RUNOFF REDUCTION (valued at 425,000 per year) New Haven trees intercept about 53,000,000 gallons of water eachyear. This decreases the amount of polluted water that ends up in ourwater bodies after flowing over impervious surfaces like sidewalks androads, where it collects oil, pesticides, fertilizers, fecal matter, and trash.AESTHETICS (valued at 1,550,000 per year) Real estate values of homes with trees are higher than comparablehomes without trees in front of the property.In 2009, URI expanded its focus from street trees to all citytrees with a grant from the U.S. Forest Service – from 30,000 tothe city’s entire tree canopy. Many partners helped to conductan analysis of New Haven’s full tree canopy (the City of NewHaven, F&ES, the University of Connecticut’s Center for LandUse Education & Research, and the Connecticut Department ofEnvironmental Protection). Jarlath O’Neill Dunne at the SpatialAnalysis Laboratory of the University of Vermont’s RubensteinSchool of the Environment and Natural Resources conductedsatellite imagery analysis. As depicted by the map below,the percent tree cover varies substantially by neighborhood.
56This research coupled with the inventory data provided valuabledetail for the City’s policymaking. In October 2009, Mayor JohnDeStefano announced “Tree Haven 10K,” a tree planting goal of10,000 trees over five years. New Haven thus joined the ranks ofmany other cities – Baltimore, Boston, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles,Miami, Milwaukee, New Orleans, New York, Providence, and others– that have recently adopted major tree planting goals. LaunchingTree Haven 10K in partnership with the City of New Haven, URI willplant 5,000 trees on public land, with particular attention paid toneighborhoods most in need of tree canopy cover.The uneven distribution of trees throughout the city, made obviousby the map, is in fact largely a product of historical land use andplanting regimes. Known as the “Elm City,” New Haven streetswere once lined with majestic elm trees. Mature American Elms,Ulmus americana, exhibit a broad, open canopy shape ideal for citystreets (Trees with a more pyramidal form often obstruct site linesand provide minimal shade.). Unfortunately, Dutch Elm Disease, afungal infection spread by beetles, wiped out most of the elms inthe 1950s and 1960s.When the elms died, they were replaced with the invasive NorwayMaple, Acer platanoides. Approximately one in four street treesin New Haven today is a Norway Maple. Although they initiallyseemed to do well in the urban environment, Norway Maples haveproven to be short-lived, and the first generation of trees plantedin the 1950s is now dying out. Nonetheless, each year this invasivespecies drops massive crops of seed that spread through the city,perpetuating the dominance of an ill-suited species. This invasionis especially problematic because Norway Maples outcompetenative trees like Sugar Maples.Additionally, in the wake of Dutch Elm Disease, other major threatsare compromising the health of urban trees nationwide. TheEmerald Ash Borer has decimated ash trees in cities like Ann Arbor,MI; the Asian Long-Horned Beetle has destroyed maple trees inWorcester, MA, Brooklyn, NY, and parts of Long Island, NY. Giventhe spread of these pests and illnesses, which present imminentthreats to the trees of Connecticut, URI works to select appropriatespecies for a given site and diversify plantings across the city.Structure of This GuideThe first part of the guide is a taxonomic key. By looking at a leafand/or branch and referring to a series of “either/or” questions,users will be able to work their way through the key to determinethe species at hand. Some species are very distinct while othersclosely resemble related or unrelated species. The key will helpguide you through what questions to ask when you wish to identifya tree. For example, when examining a tree with leaves, determiningif the leaves are opposite or alternate and if they are simple orcompound will drastically reduce the number of possibilities. Leafcharacteristics are not the only way to identify trees — fruit, pods,cones, seeds, flowers, bark, buds, twigs, and overall gestalt, allprovide helpful clues in solving the identification mystery.The main body of the book consists of a series of short articles onthe common tree species of New Haven and the surrounding region,organized in alphabetical order by scientific name. Some of theseare exotic species that do not occur naturally in Connecticut butare commonly planted along streets and in yards and smaller cityparks. Others are native species that you are unlikely to encounteroutside of parks with considerable areas of forest and other nativevegetation, like East Rock and Sleeping Giant.As an appendix, we include a chart that depicts a range of speciescharacteristics to aid in the selection of trees for urban plantings.Planting smaller-statured trees below utility lines avoids problems ofline interference and subsequent heavy pruning by utility companies.Larger planting sites provide greater soil volume for spreadingroots and, coupled with the absence of utility lines, often createopportunities to plant larger canopy species like oaks and maples.In general, planting the largest possible tree for each location isoptimal because larger trees provide greater ecosystem services.There are, of course, many other site factors to consider in selectingthe appropriate species, all of which are explored in this manual.This book is designed to help you develop the tools for identification. Ifyour tree is not in this book, hopefully the following pages will provideenough of a foundation to point you in the right direction.
List of Tree Species
910Trident Maple (Acer buergerianum).23Turkish Filbert or Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna).49Hedge Maple or Field Maple (Acer campestre).24Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.).50Boxelder (Acer negundo).25Hardy Rubbertree (Eucommia ulmoides).51Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum).26American Beech (Fagus grandifolia).52Norway Maple (Acer platanoides).27European Beech (Fagus sylvatica).53Red Maple (Acer rubrum).28White Ash (Fraxinus americana).54Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum).29Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica).55Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum).30Ginkgo or Maidenhair Tree (Ginkgo biloba).56Horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum).31Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos).57Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima).32Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus).58Serviceberry, Shadbush, or Juneberry (Amelanchier spp.).33American Holly (Ilex opaca).59Black Birch or Sweet Birch (Betula lenta).34Black Walnut (Juglans nigra).60River Birch (Betula nigra).35Eastern Red-Cedar (Juniperus virginiana).61Paper Birch or White Birch (Betula papyrifera).36Goldenrain Tree or Varnish Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata).62European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus).37Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua).63American Hornbeam or Musclewood (Carpinus caroliniana).38Tulip Tree, Tulip Poplar, or Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera).64Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata).39Amur Maackia (Maackia amurensis).65Northern Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa).40Saucer Magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana).66Atlas Cedar (Cedrus atlantica).41Flowering Crabapple (Malus spp.).67Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis).42Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboidies).68Katsura Tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum).43White Mulberry (Morus alba).69Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis).44Red Mulberry (Morus rubra).70Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentuckea).45Black Gum, Tupelo, or Pepperidge (Nyssa sylvatica).71Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida).46Hop-Hornbeam or Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana).72Kousa Dogwood (Cornus kousa).47Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum).73Cornelian Cherry Dogwood (Cornus mas).48Royal Paulownia or Princess-Tree (Paulownia tomentosa).74
1112Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurensis).75Japanese Pagoda Tree (Styphnolobium japonicum).101Norway Spruce (Picea abies).76Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata).102Colorado Spruce or Blue Spruce (Picea pungens).77Bald-Cypress (Taxodium distichum).103Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida).78Common Yew (Taxus baccata).104Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus).79Northern White-Cedar or Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis).105American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis).80Basswood or American Linden (Tilia americana).106London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia).81Littleleaf Linden (Tilia cordata).107White Poplar (Populus alba).82Bigleaf Linden (Tilia platyphyllos).108Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides).83Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).109Myrobalan Plum or Purple-Leaved Plum (Prunus cerasifera).84American Elm (Ulmus americana).110Black Cherry (Prunus serotina).85Chinese Elm or Lacebark Elm (Ulmus parvifolia).111Flowering Cherry (Prunus spp.).86Slippery Elm or Red Elm (Ulmus rubra).112Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana).87Zelkova (Zelkova serrata).113White Oak (Quercus alba).88Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor).89Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea).90Pin Oak (Quercus palustris).91English Oak or Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur).92Red Oak (Quercus rubra).93Black Oak (Quercus velutina).94Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia).95Staghorn Sumach (Rhus typhina).96Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica).97Black Willow (Salix nigra).98Sassafras (Sassafras albidum).99Japanese Stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia).100
Dichotomous Leaf Key
1516Scale-Leaved or Needle-Leaved TreesScale-LeavedOppositeNeedle-LeavedNeedlesBorne SinglyNeedles inBundlesOpposite,EvergreenIn Bundlesof 3Needles inWhorlsEastern RedCedar 61Northern WhiteCedar 105Common Yew104Eastern Hemlock109Opposite,DeciduousDawn Redwood68Bald-Cypress103AlternateNorway Spruce76Colorado Spruce77Pitch Pine 78In Bundlesof 5Eastern WhitePine 79Atlas Cedar41
Broad-Leaved Trees1718Opposite SimpleAlternate SimpleLobedPalmatelyLobedGinkgo 56ToothedPinnatelyLobedTulip Tree 64Bristle TipsSweetgum 63Scarlet Oak 90AmericanSycamore 80Pin Oak 91LondonPlanetree 81Uneven LeafBaseWhite Mulberry69Red Mulberry70ToothedMarginHeartShapedLargerthan 4"Redbud 443 Lobes5 LobesSaucer Magnolia66Trident Maple 23Sugar Maple 29Black Gum 71Red Maple 28American Beech52White Poplar 82English Oak 92EntireMarginHackberry 42Black Oak 94Swamp WhiteOak 89ToothedMarginServiceberry 33American Holly 59White Oak 88EntireMarginHawthorn 50Red Oak 93Hawthorn 50SerratedMarginUnlobedHardy RubberTree 51European Beech53Rounded TipsLobedUnlobedCottonwood 83JapaneseStewartia 100Doubly-ToothedTurkish Filbert 49Uneven LeafBaseWhite Mulberry 69Flowering CrabApple 67Sourwood 73Sourwood 73Purpleleaf Plum84Weeping Willow97Black Cherry 85Black Willow 98JapaneseFlowering Cherry86Callery Pear 87American Elm 110Chinese Elm 111Slippery Elm 112Zelkova 113Sassafras 99DoublySerrateBlack Birch 34Red Mulberry 70River Birch 35Basswood 106Paper Birch 36Littleleaf Linden107EuropeanHornbeam 37Bigleaf Linden108AmericanHornbeam 38Hop-Hornbeam 723-5 LobesHedge Maple245-7 LobesJapanese Maple26Silver Maple 30Catalpa 407 LobesNorway Maple27Royal Paulownia74Smallerthan 4"Tree Lilac 102Wide HeartKatsura 43EllipticalShapedFloweringDogwood 46Kousa Dogwood47Cornelian Cherry48
1920Broad-Leaved TreesAlternate CompoundEntireOpposite CompoundPalmateToothedLeafletsSmallerthan 2"LeafletsLargerthan 2"Honey Locust57Tree of Heaven32Black Locust 95ShagbarkHickory 39Yellowwood 45KentuckyCoffeetree 58Black Walnut 60Amur Maackia65Amur Cork Tree75JapanesePagoda Tree101Tree of dMarginGolden Rain Tree62Staghorn Sumach96White Ash 54Green Ash 55Boxelder 25
Tree Species
23Trident MapleHedge Maple or Field MapleAcer buergerianumSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)Opposite, simpleCHARACTERISTICSnativenarrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodOpposite, simplewide tree pit neededp good fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveHEIGHT30-40 ftTo 35 ftFull TreeFull TreeBARKReddish gray, on older trees breaking into long,thin, scaly platesGray-brown, and broken by shallow longitudinalfissures into more or less rectangular platesTWIGSTWIGSSlender, smooth; buds small, with 4-8 pairs ofscalesMay be smooth or hairy, but often with corkyoutgrowthsLEAVESOppositeSimple3 shallow palmate lobesToothedSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)nativenarrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodHEIGHTBARKAcer campestreCHARACTERISTICSwide tree pit neededp good fall colorshowy flowersp acceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveLEAVESLeafNOTESOpposite,Simple3-5 lobes, rounded or coarsely dentateTo 4” in lengthLeafNOTESIntolerant of drought but otherwise well adapted tourban conditions, Trident Maple is native to Chinaand the Korean peninsula.Native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa,Hedge Maple is an attractive medium-sizedtree with good fall color that does well in urbanenvironments.FlowerBarkEXCELLENT SPECIMEN28” DBH. 44 Pearl St., East RockFruit24Bark
25BoxelderAcer negundoSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSnativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantp weak woodAcer palmatumOpposite, compoundHEIGHTSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSNot for Streetswide tree pit neededgood fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveFull Treenativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodBARKTWIGSTWIGSwide tree pit neededp good fall colorshowy flowersp acceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveFull TreeSmooth and green, on older trees becominggreenish-gray.LeafSlender, smooth, green; buds small, with 4 pairs ofscalesLEAVESLEAVESLeafOppositeSimple5-9 palmate lobesFinely toothedLeaf color ranges from green to red to purpleOppositeCompound 3-5 leaflets, each 3 ½ ”Coarsely toothedNOTESNOTESBranchJapanese Maple is not recommended as a streettree, as it is intolerant of drought and sensitive toroad salt, but also because its expansive formtends to impede sightlines. However, it does makea very attractive small specimen tree for parksand the home landscape. The species is nativeto mountain forests of Japan and the Koreanpeninsula.FlowerEXCELLENT SPECIMENEXCELLENT SPECIMEN42” DBH. 44 Rock St., East RockNot for StreetsHEIGHTBARKThin, light brown, divided by branching furrows thatdeepen as the tree agesBoxelder is a fast-growing tree of roadsides anddisturbed areas, especially on moist soil. Itsgenerally poor form and weak wood (prone to stormdamage) make it unsuitable as a street tree, andit is seldom planted. Native to most of the centraland eastern US but not New England, it is widelynaturalized. The species is dioecious: fruits (ashlike samaras) are produced on female trees only.Opposite, simple10-30 ft30-60 ftStout, green to purplish green in color, and oftencovered with a waxy bloom; buds ovoid, with 2pairs of visible scales.26Japanese MapleBark40” DBH. 485 Lighthouse Rd., East ShoreBark
27Norway MapleAcer platanoidesSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSnativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodAcer rubrumOpposite, simplep nativenarrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodwide tree pit neededgood fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifep invasiveHEIGHTFull TreeSmooth and light gray on young trees, on older treesbreaking into long narrow, scaly plates separatedby shallow fissuresTWIGSModerately stout, green to light gray; buds ovoidand bluntTWIGSLeafOppositeSimplePalmately LobedEntireSlender, dark red, lustrous, dotted with lenticels,odorless when broken; terminal buds obtuse with2-4 pairs of visible red scalesLeafLEAVESOppositeSimple3 palmate lobesToothedNOTESEXCELLENT SPECIMENFull Tree40-60 ftBARKBARKBroken leaves and detached petioles exude milkylatex, an important diagnostic feature for thisspecies. Although it is often claimed that NorwayMaple has an allelopathic effect on competingvegetation, there is little evidence to support thisassertion, and the invasiveness of the speciesmay simply be a function of its fast growth andextreme tolerance of shade. It is native to centraland northern Europe.Opposite, simplewide tree pit neededp good fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveHEIGHTDark gray, tightly fissuredLEAVESSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSNot for Streets40-70 ft28Red MapleNOTESBark60” DBH. 1129 Quinnipiac Ave., Fair Haven Heights FruitRed Maple is considered the best maplefor planting as a street tree in this region. Anative species that is highly variable in bothmorphology and ecology, occurring on bothwetland and upland sites, it is adapted to mostsoils and does well in urban conditions. At leastone part of this tree is red at each season ofthe year: in the fall, the leaves are bright red, inthe winter young twigs and buds are red, in thespring the flowers are red, and in the summerthe leaf petioles and young fruits are red.FlowerEXCELLENT SPECIMEN70” DBH. 270 Elaine Ave., AnnexBark
29Sugar MapleAcer saccharumSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)Acer saccharinumOpposite, simpleSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICSp nativenarrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodp nativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantp weak woodwide tree pit neededp good fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveHEIGHTHEIGHTBARKBARKOpposite, simpleNot for Streetsp wide tree pit neededgood fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasive50-70 ft60-75 ftGray, deeply furrowed, on older trees developinglong thick plates30Silver MapleFull TreeTWIGSSilvery gray, on older trees breaking into long, thin,scaly platesFull TreeTWIGSSlender, brown, shiny; buds conical and acuteModerately stout, dark red, malodorous whenbrokenLEAVESOppositeSimple5 palmate lobesEntireLEAVESOppositeSimple5 deeply palmate lobesToothed, more deeply cut than Red MapleSilver backNOTESIn early spring, Sugar Maples are tapped for theirsap, which is boiled down to make maple syrup.Sugar Maple is sensitive to soil conditions and isnot tolerant of salt or pollution, so it is not usuallyrecommended for urban plantings though it doesmake an attractive specimen tree for parks andlarger yards.Leaf60” DBH. 277 Mckinley, WestvilleNOTESSilver Maple is a fast-growing riparian tree specieswhose weak wood makes it prone to damage instorms, and it is therefore not recommended as astreet tree.EXCELLENT SPECIMENLeafFlowerEXCELLENT SPECIMENBark68” DBH. 6 Plant, AmityBark
31HorsechestnutTree of HeavenAesculus hippocastanumSoapberry Family (Sapindaceae)CHARACTERISTICSnativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodOpposite, compoundp wide tree pit neededgood fall colorp showy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasiveQuassia Family (Simaroubaceae)nativenarrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodAlternate, compoundNot for Streetswide tree pit neededgood fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifep invasiveHEIGHTHEIGHT50-70 ft40-60 ftBARKRed-brown to dull gray-brown, on older treesexfoliating in strips or platesAilanthus altissimaCHARACTERISTICSNot for StreetsTWIGSBrown-hairy when young; terminal buds in winteracute and very prominent, often over 1 in long,covered in glossy resinGray, smooth with pale stripes, becoming shallowlyfissuredTWIGSRed to bronze, minutely hairy when youngLEAVESLEAVESOppositeCompound palmate 14”7 leaflets (native Buckeye has 5)LeafAlternateOpposite 24”Numerous 4” leafletsToothed at baseNOTESHorsechestnut and the Buckeyes (i.e. the severalNorth American species of Aesculus) are our onlytrees with opposite, palmately compound leaves.The large dark brown nuts are poisonous and shouldnot be mistaken for those of the true chestnut(genus Castanea). Horsechestnut grows well inurban conditions, and was formerly widely planted,but the foliage is susceptible to anthracnose blightand the nuts can create a hazard on sidewalks, soit is not usually recommended as a street tree. (Thecultivar Baumannii is seedless, however, and issometimes planted in New Haven.) The species isnative to southeastern Europe.LeafNOTESTree-of-Heaven is a fast-growing species native tonorthern China that is considered highly invasive;the planting, sale, or transport of the tree is nowillegal in Connecticut.FlowerFlowerEXCELLENT SPECIMENEXCELLENT SPECIMEN40” DBH. 000 Elm, DowntownFull TreeBARKFull TreeBark3245” DBH. 190 Hillside Ave., AnnexBark
33Serviceberry, Shadbush, or JuneberryBlack Birch or Sweet BirchAmelanchier spp.Rose Family (Rosaceae)Alternate, simpleBetula lentaBirch Family (Betulaceae)CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICSp nativep narrow canopywide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantweak woodp nativenarrow canopyp wide canopydrought tolerantsalt tolerantp weak woodwide tree pit neededgood fall colorp showy flowersp acceptable under wiresp good for wildlifeinvasiveHEIGHTBARKwide tree pit neededgood fall colorshowy flowersacceptable under wiresgood for wildlifeinvasive40-55 ftFull TreeBARKSmooth and reddish-brown to black withhorizontal lenticels on young stems, eventuallybecoming gray and rough with large, thickened,loose-edged rectangular plates on older stemsTWIGSUnarmed, with pointed buds in winterLEAVESTWIGSLeafNOTESAmong the earliest trees to flower in the spring,the Serviceberries represent several species thathybridize freely and are not easily differentiated inthe field, though the most common species foundin the wild in New England are Amelanchier arboreaand A. canadensis. The unusual common namesborne by this genus require some explanation.“Shadbush” refers to the upstream migration ofthe anadromous fish called the shad, our largestherring, which is said to coincide with the tree’sflowering, and juneberry the ripening of the fruit inthe month of June. Contrary to popular myth, thename Serviceberry does not refer to springtimefunereal services but comes from an alternatecommon name for the Rowan or Mountain Ash(Sorbus spp.), which bears a similar fruit.Not for StreetsFull TreeSmooth and light gray in color, with characteristiclongitudinal stripesAlternateSimple, to 3½” in lengthSerrated, slightly heart shaped, ovalBlunt pointed tipAlternate, simpleHEIGHT20-40 ftSlender, green to reddish brown, with a strongwintergreen (methyl salicylat
New Haven's Tree Canopy In 2000, the City of New Haven hired a private firm to conduct a complete census (or inventory) of New Haven's street trees. . Structure of This Guide The first part of the guide is a taxonomic key. By looking at a leaf . the common tree species of New Haven and the surrounding region,
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