Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography, 1976-78
L .a 3aosiProductivity: A Selected,Annotated Bibliography, 1976-78U.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsADril 1980Bulletin 2051Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Productivity: A Selected,Annotated Bibliography, 1976-78U.S. Department of LaborRay Marshall, SecretaryBureau of Labor StatisticsJanet L. Norwood, CommissionerApril 1980Bulletin 2051Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2i0402
Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
PrefaceProductivity—the relation between physical outputand input—has been studied for many years in theBureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Such studies andresearch are conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Pro ductivity and Technology. The interest in productivityderives from a number of concerns—the pace of tech nological change and its effects on employment andskills; the trend in prices and costs; and the rate atwhich additional goods and services become available.Thus, the study of productivity is essential in under standing the factors giving rise to variations in incomeand wealth, and in determining economic policy.This bibliography, the fifth in a series, is intended tofacilitate such study. It covers a large selection of booksand articles that were published between 1976 and1978. It provides annotated references for 1,200publications dealing with concepts and methods;measurement of levels and trends; the sources of pro ductivity change (such as technology and research); therelation of productivity to economic variables such aswages, prices, and employment; and economic growth.Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisMany studies published in 1975 are included in thisbibliography; they had not become available in time forinclusion in the previous one. Earlier BLS bibliogra phies on productivity include Bulletin 1226 (1958),Bulletin 1514 (1966), Bulletin 1776 (1971), andBulletin 1933 (1977).Major sources drawn upon were the U.S. Depart ment of Labor Library accessions lists; the Journal ofEconomic Literature; and Dissertation Abstracts Interna tional—Humanities and Social Sciences, published byXerox University Microfilm, Ann Arbor, Michigan.The bibliography was compiled by Horst Brand andHarvey A. Belitsky, under the direction of Charles Ardolini, Chief, Division of Industry ProductivityStudies.Material in this publication is in the public domainand may be reproduced without permission of theFederal Government. Please credit the Bureau ofLabor Statistics and cite Productivity: A Selected, Anno tated Bibliography, 7976-78, Bulletin 2051.iii
ContentsPageAnnotated listing.Concepts and measurement.M easures.Total economy and private sectors. 11Industries. 14Public se c to r.International. 21Factors affecting productivity change. 24Work force characteristics and education. 24Hours and work schedules. 43C a p ital. 48Technological change. 54Research and development; innovation. 65Management and other organizational facto rs.Energy, economies of scale, and other facto rs.Productivity, prices, and costs. 91Productivity and employment. 97Productivity and economic growth. 106Bibliographies, annual reports, etc. 1201f1177284Author index.Subject index.Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisIV134
Annotated ListingConcepts and measurement1.1inadequate, that 1947 was an unrepresentativeyear, that identical production technologieswere premised for a number of countries, andthat the combination of physical and humancapital in one capital figure is unsound.A friat, S.N. The Price Index. London,Cambridge University Press, 1977. 187 pp.Deals with the index number problem, thegeneral problem of limits, and the Laspeyresand Paasche indexes as well as the Fisher in dex.1.21.6Agarwal, M., Askari, H., and Corson, W. “ATesting of the Ricardian Theory of Com parative Advantage.” Economia Inter nationale, Vol. 28, No. 3 -4 , AugustNovember 1975, pp. 341-52.Proposes two output price indexes which in clude the effects of substitution caused by pricechanges. Discusses the properties of these in dexes.The authors contend that investigators haveused a very narrow definition of productivityin the empirical testing of the Ricardian theoryof comparative advantage. They present theirown concepts of labor productivity.1.31.7Allen, R.I.G ., and Gossling, W.F., eds.Estimating and Projecting Input-OutputCoefficients. London, Input-Output, 1975.104 pp.Altmann, Franz-Lothar, and others. On theMeasurement o f Factor Productivities:Theoretical Problems and Empirical Results.Goettingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,1976. 605 pp.1.8A collection of papers dealing with con cepts, techniques, and problems of prod uctivity measurement. They present compara tive and country studies.1.5Barlow, R. “A Test of Alternative Methods ofMaking GNP Comparisons.” EconomicJournal, Vol. 87, No. 347, September 1977,pp. 450-59.Describes four methods for estimating a na tion’s gross national product in dollars. Con cludes from data for 41 countries that the ad justed-exchange-rate and physical-indicatormethods are equally good for approximatingthe repricing estimate, which is conceptuallysuperior.Ammann, Alan I. A Re-Examination o f theLeontief Paradox and the U.S. Import-ExportPosition. Doctoral dissertation presented toMississippi State University, 1978. 159 pp.1.9Argues that Leontiefs data and assump tions, correct for 1947, are incorrect for 1976.Also asserts that Leontiefs two-factor model isDigitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisBalk, Walter L., and Shafritz, Jay M. PublicU tility P roductivity M anagem ent andMeasurement. A Symposium sponsored bythe New York State Department of PublicService and the State University of NewYork at Albany, August 1975. Albany, TheNew York State Department of Public Serv ice. 256 pp.The contributors discuss, for electricutilities, aggregate measures of productivity,including performance indicators; data re quirements; managerial efficiency; and ap plications of productivity measurement.The contributors deal with improvements inthe Leontief model to achieve more accurateprojections of interindustry relations.1.4Archibald, R.B. “On the Theory of IndustrialPrice Measurement: Output Price Indexes.”Annals o f Economic and Social Measurement,Vol. 6, No. 1, Winter 1977, pp. 57-72.1Barna, T. “Quesnay’s Model of EconomicDevelopment.” European Economic Review,Vol. 8, No. 4, December 1976, pp. 315-38.
the model variables, specifications, andestimation results.Examines Quesnay’s ideas on growth andtechnical progress in agriculture. Formalizesthese ideas in a dynamic model.1.141.10Bendick, Marc, Jr., Essays on Education as aThree-Sector Industry. Doctoral dissertationpresented to The University of WisconsinMadison, 1975. 270 pp.Discusses industry measurement, sectoralproduct differentiation, and sectoral marketshares in a framework of industrial organiza tion theory.1.11The authors present a method that partiallyremoves price distortions from socialiststatistics and discuss the implications formeasuring total factor productivity by Divisiaindexes.Bezdek, R.H., and Dunham, C.R. “Changes inIndustry Product Mix as a Cause of Inter temporal Instability in Input-Output Coeffi cients.” Quarterly Review o f Economics andBusiness, Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring 1976, pp.61-76.1.15The authors discuss the theoretical contextwithin which changes in product mix can bedivorced from technological change and otherfactors. They estimate the degree of productmix change within input-output industries be tween 1958 and 1963. They find little causalrelationship between changes in product mixand changes in interindustry coefficients.1.121.16Blin, J.M., and Cohen, C. “TechnologicalSimilarity and Aggregation in Input-OutputSystems: A Cluster-Analytic Approach.”Review o f Economics and Statistics, Vol. 59,No. 1, February 1977, pp. 82-91.Chatfield, Christopher. The Analysis o f TimeSeries. New York, Wiley, 1975. 263 pp.To help students and research workersanalyze data, the author presents examples oftime series and of graphing them; alternativeprobability models; and various forecastingprocedures, including econometric models.1.17C hristensen, L aurits R. “ Concepts andM easurem ent of A gricultural P ro d uctivity.” American Journal o f AgriculturalEconomics, Vol. 57, No. 5, December 1975,pp. 910-15.Argues that the U.S. Department ofAgriculture should switch from the use ofLaspeyres indexes for total output and total in put. Favors development of a superlative indexnumber procedure which can approach thebasic production process and capture qualityvariation.Bodkin, Ronald G., and Tanny, Stephen M.,eds. CANDIDE Project Paper, No. 18: CANDIDE Model 1.1. Vols. I and II. Ottawa,Economic Council of Canada, 1975. 317pp; 257 pp.Volume I provides an overview of a widelyused medium-term model of the Canadianeconomy. The authors discuss each of themodel’s twenty-five sectors and the principallinkages between them. Volume II documentsDigitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisChereb, David Michael. Endogenous Tech nological Change. Doctoral dissertation sub mitted to the University of SouthernCalifornia, 1977. No. pp. listed.Formulates a growth model using qualityaugmenting variables. Includes, for labor,research and development (R&D), learning bydoing, and education; for capital, R&D. Con structs pertinent indexes for 2-digit manufac turing industries, utilizing the Divisia indexingapproach.The authors develop a general methodologyfor industry identification in input-outputsystems and define technological similarityacross industries. They analyze empiricalresults for the 1967 U.S. input-output table;apply the method to a Leontief approach; anddiscuss implications for testing certain hy potheses in economic history and developmenttheory.1.13Brown, Alan A.; Licari, Joseph A.; andNeuberger, Egon. “Productivity Measure ment in Socialist Economies Using DivisiaIndexes and Adjusted Factor Shares.”Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 42, No. 3,January 1976, pp. 482-85.1.182Cormier, Gerald H., and Early, John. “Updat ing the Weights in Indexes of Wholesale, In dustry Prices.” Monthly Labor Review, Vol.99, No. 9, September 1976, pp. 19-25.
The authors discuss weight adjustments andtheir purpose and scope, together with shifts inthe relative importance of major industrygroups. They also deal with effects on stage-ofprocessing indexes.1.191.23The authors suggest sets of properties for in dexes, and investigate the consistency of thesets. They generally find inconsistencies for theFisher tests.Creamer, Daniel, and others. Gross NationalProduct Data Improvement Project Report.Report of the Advisory Committee on GrossNational Product Data Improvement, Octo ber 1977. Issued by the Office of FederalStatistical Policy and Standards, U.S.Department of Commerce. Washington,U.S. Government Printing Office. 204 pp.1.24The authors discuss improvements in suchareas as 5-year benchmark estimates, non benchmark estimates, price needs for constantprice accounts, flow of funds, and the rest-ofthe-world account.1.201.25Csepinszky, A., ed. Input-Output Techniques:Proceedings o f the Second Hungarian Con ference on Input-O utput Techniques.Budapest, The Hungarian Academy ofSciences, Academiai Kiado, 1976, 408 pp.1.26Denison, Edward F. “Effects of SelectedChanges in the Institutional and Human En vironment Upon Output per Unit of Input.”Survey o f Current Business, Vol. 58, No. 1,January 1978, pp. 21-44.Fenoaltea, Stefano. “Real Value Added andthe Measurement of Industrial Production.”Annals o f Economic and Social Measurement,Vol. 5, No. 1, Winter 1976, pp. 111 -37.Considers measures of production that per mit direct comparisons across time and indus tries. Argues that real value added shouldmeasure the value of production by anunchanging standard, and should thereforereflect relative prices as well as quantities. Dis cusses the “ideal form” of the value-addeddeflator.1.27Dorenfeld, David Lynn. Growth Fluctuationsin Planned Economies. A Theoretical andEconometric Analysis. Doctoral dissertationpresented to The University of Michigan,1977. 279 pp.FitzGerald, Edmund V. Public Sector Invest ment Planning for Developing Countries. NewYork, Holmes & Meier, 1978, 200 pp.Discuss social cost-benefit analysis, focusingon project impact upon national objectivessuch as income redistribution and autonomousindustrialization.Argues that newly produced capital goodsare not directly proportional to output, takingtime to be absorbed in the productive process.Develops a theory of capital gestation, fromwhich he deduces cyclical fluctuations in thegrowth rates of planned economies.Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisEilon, Samuel; Gold, Bela; and Soesan, Judith.Applied Productivity Analysis for Industry.Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1976. 51 pp.The authors define productivity and explainconcepts and measurement. They describe ap plications in steel processing and chemicalmanufacturing and discuss some implicationsfor planning.Discusses costs incurred to protect thephysical environment, together with estimationprocedures and derivation of the estimates;costs incurred to protect health and safety ofworkers; and costs of dishonesty and crime.Discusses the combined effects.1.22Eichner, Alfred S., and Kregel, J.A. “An Essayon P o st-K ey n esian T h eo ry : A NewParadigm in E conom ics.” Journal o fEconomic Literature, Vol. 13, No. 4,December 1975, pp. 1293-1314.The authors distinguish four topics: growthdynamics, distributional effects, the Keynesianconstraints, and microeconomic base.A collection of papers dealing with statisti cal problems, table construction, mathematicalproblems, and the application of input-outputdata to planning and economic analysis.1.21Eichhorn, Wolfgang, and Voeller, Joachim.Theory o f the Price Index: Fisher's Test Ap proach and G eneralizations. B erlin ,Springer-Verlag, 1977. 95 pp.1.283Fogel, Robert W., and Engerman, Stanley L.“Explaining the Relative Efficiency of SlaveAgriculture in the Antebellum South.”American Economic Review, Vol. 67, No. 3,June 1977, pp. 275-96.
1.29The authors derive a “residual” measure ofefficiency limited to measurement errors dueto imperfections in underlying data, methodsof aggregation, or other mismeasurements notbearing on the operation of the slave system.They then identify the specific features of slav ery which account for individual parts of theresidual’s aggregate value.1.33Forrester, Jay W. “Changing Economic Pat terns.” Technology Review, Vol. 80, No. 8,August/September 1978, pp. 46-53.1.34A collection of essays considering applica tions of the input-output technique, givingspecial stress to the time dimension.1.35Fujino, Shozaburo. A Neo-Keynesian Theory o fIncome, Prices and Economic Growth.Economic Research Series No. 15, Tokyo,Kinokuniya Bookstore Co., 1975. 206 pp.1.36Gehman, Clayton. “Industrial Production—1976 Revision.” Federal Reserve Bulletin,Vol. 62, No. 6, June 1976, pp. 470-79.Discusses principal improvements in theproduction measures for oil and gas extractionand refining, electric and gas utilities, and in dustries that produce chemicals, constructionproducts, and motor vehicles. Holds that therevised data suggest greater expansion in plantcapacity and output per unit of energy and oflabor in recent years than shown by the earlierindex.1.32Hirsch, S. “The Product Cycle Model of Inter national Trade—A Multi-Country CrossSection A nalysis.” Oxford Bulletin o fEconomics and Statistics, Vol. 37, No. 4,November 1975, pp. 305-IT.Finds that skill intensity explains interna tional trade patterns better than physical capital intensity. Argues that physical andhuman capital be treated separately foranalytical purposes.1.37Ghosh, D.; Lees, D.; and Seal, W. “OptimalMotorway Speed and Some Valuations ofTime and Life.” Manchester School o fEconomics and Social Studies, Vol. 43, No.2, June 1975, pp. 134-43.H um phries, Jane. “ Causes of G ro w th .”Economic Development and Cultural Change.Vol. 24, No. 2, January 1976, pp. 339-53.Argues the superior capability of her modelfor combining factors such as education, infla tion, and aid to explain different growth rates.1.38The authors analyze the relationship be tween speed, accidents, and gasoline consump tion to reveal tradeoffs made by individualsand governments in their choice of speeds andspeed limits. They use a production functionapproach to accident causation.Digitized for FRASERhttp://fraser.stlouisfed.org/Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisHill, T.P. “On Goods and Services.” Review o fIncome and Wealth, Series 23, No. 4,December 1977, pp. 315-38.Discusses concepts, definitions, andmeasurement of services. Argues their dis tinctiveness from goods, as well as their quantifiability, without which they could not bepriced. Examines also the distinctions betweenprivate and public goods and private and col lective services.Considers cyclical variation, inflation, andeconomic growth. Combines macro and microeconomic approaches and relates short-run tolong-run analysis of the economy.1.31Heilbroner, Robert, and Thurow, Lester C.The Economic Problem. 5th ed. EnglewoodCliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1978. 724 pp.A wide-ranging text dealing with economicinstitutions, economic reasoning, the marketsystem, the business cycle, internationalaspects, and quantitative methods.Argues that economic activity expands andcontracts in long waves. Describes computersimulation of economic behavior. Finds thatcapital investment fluctuations account forlong cycles and that current economic condi tions and their antecedents confirm the exis tence of such cycles.1.30G o sslin g , W .F ., ed. In p u t-O u tp u t andThroughput: Proceedings o f the 1971 NorwichConference. London, Input-Output, 1975.142 pp.International Labour Office. InternationalRecommendations on Labour Statistics.Geneva, 1976, 131 pp.Presen
Productivity: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography, 1976-78. U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner April 1980 Bulletin 2051. . Springer-Verlag, 1977. 95 pp. T
Part - I Short Bibliography 1-33 Part I contains the short (not annotated) references of this bibliography, alphabetically sorted by author. Subject to availability, we provide hyperlinks/website addresses for each item. As of January 5, 2010, this bibliography contains 406 items. Part - II Annotated Bibliography 34-203
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