The Vector Control Program & Mosquito Prevention

Slide 1THE VECTORCONTROL PROGRAM& MOSQUITOPREVENTIONAllison Bray, M.S.Environmental Health Specialist,Vector Control Program

Slide 2WHAT IS A VECTORAny organismcapable ofcarrying andtransmitting adisease (to humans)

Slide 3THE VECTOR CONTROLPROGRAM (VCP)Surveillance Monitoring for vectors and the pathogens theycarryDiagnostics Testing vectors for pathogensControl Reducing vector populations and/or people’sexposure to vectorsOutreach Educating the public about preventativebehaviors

Slide 4SURVEILLANCE Where/when dowe find differentvectors? What diseasesexist in theenvironment?

Slide 5MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCETOOLSMosquito Traps Use lures (CO2, scent, water) toattract mosquitoesDead Bird Reporting Crows, jays, owls, hawks are allgood indicators for WNV becausethey are susceptible Birds need to be freshly dead Samples taken from eye fluid andtissue and tested in the lab

Slide 6DIAGNOSTICSSamples are processed andtested for pathogensThe Vector Disease andDiagnostics Laboratory testsinclude:West Nile virus, Zika, Dengue,yellow fever, chikungunyaHantavirus, PlagueLyme, tularemia

Slide 7CONTROLEducation Information on preventing rats, mosquitoes, ticks, etc. In person and through website/social media/brochuresSource Reduction Removing mosquito breeding sources Education on removing rat harborage and entry pointsBiological Control (mosquitoes) Mosquito fish (human made containers only) Bacterial larvicidesAdulticides Kill adult mosquitoes on contact Used during elevated public health risk

Slide 8OUTREACHSharing information withthe public to encourageprevention behaviors WebsiteSocial MediaPublic EventsPresentationsMedia Campaign

Slide 9MOSQUITOESInformation andPrevention Tips!

Slide 10MOSQUITOES ANDPUBLIC HEALTHMosquitoes as vectorskill more people eachyear than any otheranimal

Slide 11WEST NILE VIRUSAsymptomatic– 80%Mild Infection: West Nilefever 20% develop West Nile fever Fever Headache, body aches FatigueSevere Infection: West NileNeuroinvasive disease 1% develop serious complications –can be fatal

Slide 12WNV IN SAN DIEGOHuman Cases (fatal)2019: 3 cases (0)2018: 2 cases (0)2017: 2 cases (0)2016: 22 cases (2)2015: 44 cases (6)WNV IN CALIFORNIAHuman Cases (fatal)2019: 225 cases (6)2018: 217 cases (11)2017: 553 cases (44)2016: 442 cases (19)2015: 782 cases (53)via WestNile.ca.gov

Slide 13HOST PREFERENCE AND TRANSMISSIONCulex mosquitoesand West Nile virus

Slide 14CULEXVectors: West Nile virusBlood source: Birds,mammalsLays eggs: on the water’ssurface, typically semipermanent sourcesEggs: laid in a floatingraftActive: dawn and dusk

Slide 15INVASIVEAEDESAedes aegypti –Yellow fever mosquitoAedes albopictus –Asian Tiger mosquitoAedes notoscriptus –Australian backyard mosquitoNuisance biters, and Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictus can vectorZika, dengue, yellow fever, &chikungunya

Slide 16INVASIVEAEDESWhat makes them different? Aggressive daytime biters Bite around the ankles Prefer to breed in smallcontainers near humans Can breed outdoors andindoors Short flight range

Slide 17INVASIVEAEDES Aedes aegypti firstdetected in SanDiego in 2014 Now presentthroughout the county Urban and suburbanareas

Slide 18HOST PREFERENCE AND TRANSMISSIONAedes mosquitoes

Slide 19MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE

Slide 20EGGSCulex mosquitoes lay their eggson the water’s surface in afloating raft of200-300 eggs.Aedes mosquitoes lay theireggs one by one near thewater line on the side of asmall container full of water.

Slide 21LARVAELive completelyunderwaterRest with siphon at thesurface of the waterWiggling movementFilter feed on smallparticles – algae,decomposing organicmatter

Slide 22PUPAEMetamorphosis stageLive completelyunderwaterRest with siphon at thesurface of the waterTumbling movementDo not eat

Slide 23

Slide 24ADULTEmerge from the pupaat the surface of thewaterWill rest briefly to dryand will return towater only to lay eggsLong biting proboscisdistinguishes them fromother similar insects

Slide 25THE BLOOD MEAL

Slide 26DISEASE TRANSMISSIONHow Mosquitoes Use Six Needles to Suck Your Blood from Deep Look via YouTube

Slide 27SOURCEREDUCTION #1 thing peoplecan do to preventmosquito breeding Neighborhoodlevel control ofbackyard breedingmosquitoes requiresindividuals toparticipate

Slide 28INDOORS

Slide 29FLOWER POT SAUCERS

Slide 30STUMPS AND HOLES

Slide 31BROMELIADS

Slide 32PLANTS IN WATER

Slide 33TURN IT UPSIDE DOWN!

Slide 34PUT IT AWAY

Slide 35KEEP IT COVERED

Slide 1PLAYTIME IS OVER!

Slide 2OUTDOOR FURNITURE

Slide 3YARD DECORATIONS

Slide 4RAIN GUTTERS

Slide 5RAIN BARRELS

Slide 6SMALL WATERSOURCESEven ¼” is enough for containerbreeding mosquitoesAedes mosquitoes have beenfound breeding in containers assmall as a bottlecap

Slide 7LARGE WATERSOURCES

Slide 8MOSQUITO FISH Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) caneat hundreds of mosquito larvaeevery day Ideal for backyard ponds, fountains,animal troughs, unused swimming pools(Should not be used in natural habitats) Available freefrom the VectorControl Program

Slide 9BACTERIAL LARVICIDES Mosquito larvicides that are made ofbacteria and bacterial byproductssuch as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Must be ingested by the larva in orderto work Target specific – harmless to otheranimals, people, and plants Available for purchase in home andgarden stores Used by the VCP to control mosquitopopulations

Slide 10MOSQUITO REPELLENTRepellent does not killmosquitoes; it preventsthem from bitingYou should use EPAapproved (safe andproven to work) repellentsDEET, Picaridin, IR3535, Oilof Lemon Eucalyptus

Slide 11Which Repellents Keep Mosquitoes Away Best? from Inside Edition via YouTube

Slide 12WHAT CAN I DO?1. Prevent mosquito breeding –dump standing water, usemosquito fish and larvicides2. Protect yourself against bites– wear long sleeves andpants, and use repellent3. Report green pools, deadbirds, and high mosquitoactivity4. Educate your friends andneighbors about mosquitoprevention

Slide 13QUESTIONS?Contact the Vector ControlProgram:(858) 694-2888vector@sdcounty.ca.govTell us Now! AppSDFightTheBite.com

CONTROL PROGRAM & MOSQUITO PREVENTION Allison Bray, M.S. Environmental Health Specialist, . WNV IN SAN DIEGO Human Cases (fatal) 2019: 3 cases (0) 2018: 2 cases (0) 2017: 2 cases (0) 2016: 22 cases (2) 2015: 44 cases (6) WNV IN CALIFORNIA Human Cases (fatal) 2019: 225 cases (6)