Heat Pums And Heat Recovery For Healthcare - HAAHE
Houston Area Association of Hospital Engineers, January 8, 2015Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for HealthcareBill Chalmers P.E., CPD, CEM, CDT
side: RightReheatand space heating reviewapphotohot water heating PlacingBasicgdomestic(size12.7x19.06cm,fit to the frame)systemand COPplacing benefitsa text orFinancialLearning Objectives(by editing and overwriting this textbox) Refrigeration review Heat pump basicsArea for photo or textEnsure healthcare facility people are aware ofbenefits and application issues associatedwith heat pumps and heat recovery used forheating, reheat and domestic hot watergheating.Ensure you are the smartest person in theroom2Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applicationsside: LeftWaterto water heat pumpsa solidsystemscolor (colored from the PlacingHeat recoveryapproved palette / fitting to thephotograph) Desuperheaters Air to water heat pumpsPlacing the Section Title and Subtitel(by editing and overwriting the textboxes) Application Issues
Section TitleArial 28ptReheat Energy Spend3Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Reheat Energy SpendNovember 2014 HAAHE Meeting UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center spendsp37% of their energy on reheat Numerous other studies indicate thatreheat and domestic hot water heating arethe largest energy spends in healthcare.4Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Reheat Energy SpendOrganizations are devoted to studyinghospital energy use Targeting 100!5Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Reheat Energy SpendSpace Conditioning Basics Calculate the heat ggain in thespace Q Calculate the required airflow(cfm) using the formula: Q 1.085 x cfm x (Ts – Tsa) Ts is the space temperature 75 F Tsa is the supplypp y air temperaturep55 F As heat gain decreases, typicallyvary the airflow (cfm) to match theload6Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Understanding Reheat EnergyTexas Department of State HealthServices (TDSHS) Prescribes minimum airflow rates 15 air changes per hour is 2 cfm/sq. ft. fora room with an 8 foot ceiling.g7Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Reheat EnergySpace Conditioning Basics Calculate the heat gain in thespace Q Calculate the required airflow(cfm) using the formula: Q 1.085 x cfm x (Ts – Tsa) Ts is the space temperature 75 F Tsa is the supply air temperature55 F But TDSHS sets the cfm! Because airflow (cfm) and supplyair temperature are fixed, spacegets cold as load (Q) decreases Reheat is required to maintainspace temperature (Ts) 110 F110 F hot water can make 75 F75 Fair8Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Reheat EnergySpace Conditioning Basics Calculate the heat loss in thespace Qh Calculate the required airflow(cfm) using the formula: Qh 1.085 x cfm x (Ts – Tsa) Ts is the space temperature 75 F Tsa Ts - Qh /(1.085(x cfm)) Tsa usually 85 F 110 F hot water can make 85 Fair which is adequate for spaceheating9Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptDomestic Hot WaterHeating Fundamentals10Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water HeatingASPE Handbook says: Calculate hot water demand based uponpfixture units Determine available heat source – naturalgas, propane, electric, steam Required hot water temperatures 110 F for lavatories and showers 140 FF for dishwashers and laundry Select preferred system Instantaneous Copper tube boiler with storage tank Bent tube boiler with storage tank Size boilers and tanks based upon load11Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water HeatingGood engineering practice 140 F designg Minimizes tank size Eliminates legionella Ensures boilers do not condense Potable water must be kept safe Primary heating fluid must be separated fromthe secondary fluid DHW loads vary greatly (0% to 100%) Potable water temperature varies (40 F to72 F)12Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water HeatingMost Important Failure is not an option!p People will suffer loss of air conditioningbut will not tolerate lack of hot water!13Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water HeatingHeating Efficiency Coefficient of Performance ((COP)) is theheat output divided by the heat input Gas heat COP 1 Electric heat COP 114Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptWhat‘sWhats the Point?15Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
The Elephant in the Room – Using Heat Rejected from theChiller Plant for Reheat, Space Heating and DHW HeatingBoilers and Chillers OperateSimultaneously Throughout the Year inHouston Billions of BTUs are rejected toatmosphere, at the same time: Billions of cubic feet of natural gas arecombusted Billions of kW are used for electric heat How do we use the heat rejected from thebuilding for reheat, space heating anddomestic hot water heating?16Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptRefrigeration Review18Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Refrigeration ReviewBasic Cycle Heat is rejectedjto: Cooling tower Air cooled condenser Ground loop Temperature is toolow for domestic hotwater heat44 F19Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications95 F
Typical Chiller P-H Diagram - R134a1.15 – 1.20 XEvaporatorHeatHeat Rejectedoo96 F(35.6 C)EvaporatorCoolingEnergyInputEnthalpy20110oF CondensingTemperature
Chiller Coefficient of Performance (COP)Typical Cooling ChillerCOP.171 unitsinput ASHRAE 90.1requires minimum .6kW/ton1.171 Input is .171 Cooling output is 1.0 Every .171171 unit ofinput energy makes1.0 units of cooling44 FCooling COP 1.00 / 0.171 5.8621Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications95 F
Section TitleArial 28ptHeat Pump Review22Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsHeat pump is the refrigeration cycleused to produce heat
Heat Pump ReviewHeat Rejection.25 to .6units input Temperature suitable for heating Domestic water1.25 to1.6 Heating hot water Outdoor air41 F23Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications110 F to140 F
Heat Pump P-H Diagram – R134aHeat Rejection Factor (HRF)Heat Pump 1.25 to1.6 X EvaporatorHeatHeat Rejectedoo110 F to 140 FIncrease Temp: More energygyinput More heatoutput ergy / Enthalpy125 oF to 144 oFCondensingTemperature
Heat Pump Review.25 to .6units inputHeat Pump COP COP depends upon theapplication1.25 to1.6 Dedicated Cooling Dedicated Heat Pump Combination Cooling and HeatPump Notice the COP is much lower thanASHRAE minimum (5.86 COP)41 F41110 FF to140 FCooling COP 1.00 / 0.35 2.86Heating COP 1.35 / 0.35 3.86Combined COP 2.35 / 0.35 6.7125 25Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsCOP Useful WorkInput Power
Section TitleArial 28ptHeat Recovery andHeat Pumps forHealthcare – Show Methe Money!27Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water Heating Heat Pump ExampleUsing Waste Heat forEnergy Savings – ASHRAEJournal April 2006 Cost of natural gas for DHWheat: 2,294,000 Cost of electricity used byheat pump: 814,000gy savings:g Annual energy 1,480,000 Capital cost for heat pump: 408,00028Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Heating Hot Water Heating Heat Pump ExampleArkansas University Heat ppumpp heat is 20%%of the cost of a naturalgas fired steam boiler Produces all the heatrequired in the summer 1,000,000 annualsavings Savings were almostinstantaneous29Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Heating Hot Water and Domestic Hot Water Heating Heat Pump ExampleWisconsin Medical Center, ASHRAE Journal June, 2013Aurora Medical Center 107 ppatient rooms,, 18ORs, Imaging, 4 CathLabs, Atrium 207 kBTU/ft2/yr30Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Heat Pump Benefits – Economic Advantages000RELATIVE COST TO PROVIDE ONE THERM OF HEAT (100(100,000BTU/THERM) 2.52 8 / MMBH 0.94NaturalGas 0.08 / kW.hr Electric 3.00 / gal #22 Fuel Oil 2.34Traditional Boiler Heating31 0 62 0.62 0.35Heat PumpHeat Pump(Heating Only)(SimultaneousHeating & Cooling)
Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare OperationsBe the smartest person in the roomwhen the topic of using waste heat forhot water heating and domestic hotwater heating arises Know system types: Water to Water Heat Pump Heat recovery Desuperheatersp Air to Water Heat Pumps Know application issuesTypical Design Team Members32Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptHeat Pump Review33Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Building Air Conditioning ReviewChilled water system: Collects heat from the buildingg Chiller removes heat from the chilledwater loop Chiller rejects heat into the cooling towerwater Cooling tower rejects heat into theatmosphere by water evaporationTypical Plumbing Designers34Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Water-Side Cascade Arrangement(46 C)(54 C)(29 C)(35 C)Note(29 C)(35 C) Heat pump upgradeslow grade hot water COP is based onheating only(6 C)(11 C) ‘Chiller’ maintains 130 Fhot water temp.Heating COP 1.35 / 0.35 3.8635Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Simple “Side Car” Piping Arrangement - Simultaneous Heating & Cooling(54 C)Note(54 C)(66 C) Heat pump providescooling & heating COP is based onheating and coolingCombined COP 2.35 / 0.35 6.71(14 C)(6 C)(14 C)36(6 C)
Domestic Hot Water Heating Heat Pump ApplicationBill’s Recommendation Heat exchangerg tempersthe incoming domesticcold water. The heat exchanger pumpruns continuously.continuously The heat pump produces150 degree heating hotwater ‘Chiller’ load dependsupon the DHW demand Side-car or cascadeconfiguration Do not reduce chiller orcooling tower capacityunless DHW load isconstant!37Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsH.E.
Heat Pump Benefits – Social / EnvironmentalHow much water would a 10 MMBH Heat Pump (at( 65%% utilization))save, by not sending the heat to the cooling tower?Assumptions:(0.054054 L/s) condenser water flow 600 ton design cooling load with 3 gpm/ton (0 Cooling tower evaporation rate of 1% & blow-down of 0.3% (4 cycles of concentration)22,500 gallonsg(85,000(L)) per DAY!(plus water treatment & sewer savings)38
Section TitleArial 28ptHeat Recovery39Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Heat RecoveryHeat Recovery is a standardchilled water system with anextra condenser Refrigerant goes to thecoldest spot Bypassing the tower forcesheat to the DHW heatexchanger Maximum temperature is110 F40Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Heat RecoveryAdvantage Cost is the extra condenser vs. adedicated chiller SimplicityDisadvantage Maximum 110 F hot water Tower bypass valve and associatecontrolst lHeat RecoveryStandard41Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Domestic Hot Water Heat Recovery ApplicationBill’s Recommendation Heat exchangerg tempersptheincoming domestic cold water. Heat exchanger pump runscontinuously Control tower bypass valve tomaintain heat recovery temperature42Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptDesuperheaters43Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
DesuperheatersYou are probably asking yourself: Myy buildingg is beingg designedgwith aircooled chillers. How can the waste heatbe used for domestic hot water heating? Use compressor superheat!44Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Typical Chiller P-H Diagram - R134aSuperheato105 F125oF nthalpy45
DesuperheaterRefrigerant to water heat exchanger Produces 140 F water Factory standard option Inexpensive SimpleGoeshereDesuperheater46Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Desuperheater for Domestic Hot Water HeatingBill’s Recommendation Heat exchangerg tempersthe incoming domesticcold water. The desuperheater pumpruns continuously.continuously No temperature control isrequired because thedesuperheater water is notwarm enough to overheatthe DHW. The desuperheaterproduces whatever hotwater temperature isavailable Remaining heat rejected inthe air cooled condenser.47Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsH.E.
Desuperheater for Hot Water HeatingHeat Recovery is a standardair cooled chiller option Desuperheater addswhatever heat is available. Boiler adds additional heat Boiler is able to satisfy theentire heating load.48Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptAir to Water HeatPumps49Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Air to Water Heat PumpA ‘chiller’ that makes hot water Ambient air is cooled Heat is rejected into the water loop Produces 130 F water at 32 F ambient50Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
EfficiencyTurn off your boiler. Turn on energy savings.The most efficient way to heat liquids Three times higher COP than a typical boiler Produce hot water up to 130 F at 32 FMaximize heat pumpoperating hours tomaximize systemefficiency andsavings Capable of producing hot water above 116 F at 14 F.Annual Energygy CostEfficiency (COP)4.0 40,00018%3.0 35,0002.0 30,0001.0 25,0000.0T i l BoilerTypicalB ilEnergy Rate: Electricity 0.1 /kWh; Gas 9.17 /MMBTU51Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsYLPA HeatH tPPump
Why are you telling me about heat pumps?York’s fastest growing marketProven by experience More than 30 years experience in nearly all Heat Pump markets globally Selling YLPA since 2010 in Asia and EuropeEstablished heat pump marketsPotential marketsNon existing heat pump markets52Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Air to Water Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water HeatingBill’s Recommendation Heat exchanger tempersthe incoming domesticcold water. The heat pump pump runscontinuously. Heat pump controlsmaintain the leaving hotwater temperatureH.E.53Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Air to Water Heat Pumps for Hot Water HeatingAir to water heat pump is acataloged product Base load the heat pump. Boiler adds additional heat Boiler is able to satisfy theentire heating load.54Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Section TitleArial 28ptBe the smartestperson in the room55Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Compressor typesTwo types of compressors are available Positive Displacementp Scroll 50 to 200 tons Screw 100 to 435 tonsScroll Scrolls and screws lose capacity at hightemperatures and pressures, but keepworking Non – positive displacementSScrew Centrifugal 250 to 5500 tons Centrifugals surge at high pressure andlow loads.loads Remind the mechanicalengineer that domestic hot water loadsvary widely.Centrifugal56Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Cooling Load Required to make Hot WaterHeat pumps and heat recovery usethe building as a heat source Cooling loads vary Time of day Day of the week Time of year Failure is not an option! AlAlways requirei a boilerb il sizedi d forf 100%of the load Consider heat pump or heat recovery asan unreliable heat source57Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Chillers are not BoilersChillers vs Boilers Chillers are expensivepvs. boilers Chillers are complex refrigeration devicesvs. a gas water heater Chillers have minimum capacity of about10% vs. boilers with low turndown Chillers can surge or trip on safeties at lowload conditions vs. boilers that aredesigned to fire at low loads Chillers require a heat exchanger andpumppp vs. boilers that take domestic waterdirectly.58Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Be Aware of the Deeply WeirdHeat Pump and Heat RecoveryTechnologyGround-SourceWater-Source Coupled to the ground loop Heat available for a water source loop Multiple stage centrifugal compressors forhigh temperatures (150 to 180 F) Custom equipmentMultiple Stages59Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsCustom Equipment
Hot Water Systems Should be SimpleDo not sacrifice simplicity for energysavings Improve on standard designs Add heat exchangers to temperincomingg water Avoid complicated controls Failure is not an option! Plumbers must understand the systemand fix it quickly60Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Advocate Heat Pump and Heat Recovery TechnologyProven, reliable technology Energygy savingsg are true Least expensive option is mostattractive Desuperheater Heat recovery Dedicated heat pumps are moreexpensive but should be investigatedfor large heating loads Hospitals Student housing Hotels Residential Natatoriums61Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsEfficiency4.0 (COP)Annual Energy Cost 40,0003.0 35,0002.0 30,0001.00.0 25,000Typical BoilerYLPA Heat Pump
Heating systems must be simple and reliable Conventional boilers COP is .85 or lessSection TitleArial 28pt Heating only refrigeration equipment has aCOP 3 Heating and cooling refrigeration equipmenthas a COP 6 Available technology: Water to water heat pump Water to water heat recovery DesuperheaterSummary Air to water heat pump Systems payback is often less than a year Promote the use of waste heat for domestich t waterhott heat,h t 62Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare ApplicationsBe the smartest person in the room
Using Waste Heat forDomestic Hot WaterHeatingQuestions?SectionTitleBill Chalmers P.E., CPDTh k forThanksf beingb i interested.i tt d63Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery for Healthcare Applications
Bill Chalmers P.E., CPDThanks for being interested!Questions?
Heat Pump Review Heat Pump COP COPdependsuponthe.25 to .6 units input COP depends upon the application Dedicated Cooling DedicatedHeatPump 1.25 to 1.6 Dedicated Heat Pump Combination Cooling and Heat Pump Notice the COP is much lower than 41 F 110 Fto Cooling COP 1.00 / 0.35 2.86 ASHRAE minimum (5.86 COP) F to 140 F COP Useful Work
that are included in the ACS PUMS files. PUMS Data Dictionary includes a list of all the variables in the ACS PUMS files, their values, and descriptions of what those values mean. The ACS PUMS data set includes variables for nearly every topic included in the ACS, as well as variables that were created by combining multiple survey responses.
PUMS Data Dictionary is available for each ACS PUMS data set and includes a complete list of the variables in the PUMS data files. 22. For each variable, the data dictionary includes the variable name, value type and length, variable description, values, and value labels (see Figure 4.2). The "bb" values indicate that
2006-2010 ACS PUMS DATA DICTIONARY August 7, 2015 HOUSING RECORD RT 1 Record Type H .Housing Record or Group Quarters Unit SERIALNO 13 Housing unit/GQ person serial number 2006000000001.2010999999999 .Unique identifier DIVISION 1 Division code 0 .Puerto Rico 1 .New England (Northeast region) 2 .Middle Atlantic (Northeast region)
2018 ACS PUMS DATA DICTIONARY November 14, 2019 HOUSING RECORD HOUSING RECORD-BASIC VARIABLES RT Character 1 Record Type H .Housing Record or Group Quarters Unit P .Person Record SERIALNO Character 13 Housing unit/GQ person serial number 2018GQ0000001.2018GQ9999999 .GQ Unique identifier 2018HU0000001.2018HU9999999 .HU Unique identifier
2015 ACS PUMS DATA DICTIONARY October 20, 2016 HOUSING RECORD RT 1 Record Type H .Housing Record or Group Quarters Unit SERIALNO 7 Housing unit/GQ person serial number 0000001.9999999 .Unique identifier DIVISION 1 Division code 0 .Puerto Rico 1 .New England (Northeast region) 2 .Middle Atlantic (Northeast region)
1. Recovery emerges from hope; 2. Recovery is person-driven; 3. Recovery occurs via many pathways; 4. Recovery is holistic; 5. Recovery is supported by peers and allies; 6. Recovery is supported through relationship and social networks; 7. Recovery is culturally-based and influence; 8. Recovery is supported by addressing trauma; 9.
4.2 State Disaster Recovery policy 4.3 County and Municipal Recovery Relationships 4.4 Recovery Plan Description 4.5 Recovery Management Structure and Recovery Operations 4.6 Draft National Disaster recovery Framework (February 5, 2010) 4.6.1 Draft Purpose Statement of the National Disaster Recovery Framework
Nutrition of ruminants Developing production systems for ruminants using tropical feed resources requires an understanding of the relative roles and nutrient needs of the two-compartment system represented by the symbiotic relationship between rumen micro-organisms and the host animal. Fibre-rich, low-protein forages and crop residues are the most abundant and appropriate feeds for ruminants .
