7.1 Potential And Kinetic Energy - Hockerill CT
Name: Date: 7.1 Potential and Kinetic Energy 7.1 This skill sheet reviews various forms of energy and introduces formulas for two kinds of mechanical energy— potential and kinetic. You will learn how to calculate the amount of kinetic or potential energy for an object. Forms of energy Forms of energy include radiant energy from the sun, chemical energy from the food you eat, and electrical energy from the outlets in your home. Mechanical energy refers to the energy an object has because of its motion. All these forms of energy may be used or stored. Energy that is stored is called potential energy. Energy that is being used for motion is called kinetic energy. All types of energy are measured in joules or newton-meters. m 1 N 1 kg ---2 s m 1 joule 1 kg ----2 1 N m s 2 Potential energy The word potential means that something is capable of becoming active. Potential energy sometimes is referred to as stored energy. This type of energy often comes from the position of an object relative to Earth. A diver on the high diving board has more energy than someone who dives into the pool from the low dive. The formula to calculate the potential energy of an object is the mass of the object times the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) times the height of the object. E p mgh Did you notice that the mass of the object in kilograms times the acceleration of gravity (g) is the same as the weight of the object in newtons? Therefore you can think of an object’s potential energy as equal to the object’s weight multiplied by its height. 9.8 m mass of the object (kilograms) -------2---- weight of the object (newtons) s So. Ep weight of object height of object Kinetic energy Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Kinetic energy depends on the mass of the object as well as the speed of that object. Just think of a large object moving at a very high speed. You would say that the object has a lot of energy. Since the object is moving, it has kinetic energy. The formula for kinetic energy is: 2 E k -1- mv 2
Page 2 of 3 To do this calculation you need to square the velocity value. Next, multiply by the mass, and then divide by 2. 7.1 How are these mechanical energy formulas used in everyday situations? Take a look at two example problems. A 50 kg boy and his 100 kg father went jogging. Both ran at a rate of 5 m/s. Who had more kinetic energy? Show your work and explain. Solution: Although the boy and his father were running at the same speed, the father has more kinetic energy because he has more mass. The kinetic energy of the boy: 2 m 5m 2 1 -- ( 50 kg ) ------- 625 kg ----2- 625 joules s 2 s The kinetic energy of the father: 2 1 5m m2 (100 kg ) 1,250 kg 2 1,250 joules 2 s s What is the potential energy of a 10 N book that is placed on a shelf that is 2.5 m high? Solution: The book’s weight (10 N) is equal to its mass times the acceleration of gravity. Therefore, you can easily use this value in the potential energy formula: potential energy mgh ( 10 N ) ( 2.5 m ) 25 N m 25 joules Now it is your turn to try calculating potential and kinetic energy. Don’t forget to keep track of the units! 1. Determine the amount of potential energy of a 5.0-N book that is moved to three different shelves on a bookcase. The height of each shelf is 1.0 m, 1.5 m, and 2.0 m. 2. You are on in-line skates at the top of a small hill. Your potential energy is equal to 1,000. J. The last time you checked, your mass was 60.0 kg. a. What is your weight in newtons? b. What is the height of the hill? c. If you start rolling down this hill, your potential energy will be converted to kinetic energy. At the bottom of the hill, your kinetic energy will be equal to your potential energy at the top. Calculate your speed at the bottom of the hill. 3. A 1.0-kg ball is thrown into the air with an initial velocity of 30. m/s. a. How much kinetic energy does the ball have? b. How much potential energy does the ball have when it reaches the top of its ascent? c. How high into the air did the ball travel? 4. What is the kinetic energy of a 2,000.-kg boat moving at 5.0 m/s?
Page 3 of 3 5. 6. What is the velocity of an 500-kg elevator that has 4000 J of energy? What is the mass of an object traveling at 30. m/s if it has 33,750 J of energy? 7.1
Name: Date: 7.1 James Prescott Joule 7.1 James Joule was known for the accuracy and precision of his work in a time when exactness of measurements was not held in high regard. He demonstrated that heat is a form of energy. He studied the nature of heat and the relationship of heat to mechanical work. Joule has also been credited with finding the relationship between the flow of electricity through a resistance, such as a wire, and the heat given off from it. This is now known as Joule’s Law. He is remembered for his work that led to the First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy). The young student James Joule was born near Manchester, England on December 24, 1818. His father was a wealthy brewery owner. James injured his spine when he was young and as a result he spent a great deal of time indoors, reading and studying. When he became interested in science, his father built him a lab in the basement. When James was fifteen years old, his father hired John Dalton, a leading scientist at the time, to tutor James and his brother, Benjamin. Dalton believed that a scientist needed a strong math background. He spent four years teaching the boys Euclidian mathematics. He also taught them the importance of taking exact measurements, a skill that strongly influenced James in his scientific endeavors. Brewer first, scientist second After their father became ill, James and Benjamin ran the family brewery. James loved the brewery, but he also loved science. He continued to perform experiments as a serious hobby. In his lab, he tried to make a better electric motor using electromagnets. James wanted to replace the old steam engines in the brewery with these new motors. Though he learned a lot about magnets, heat, motion, and work, he was not able to change the steam engines in the brewery. The cost of the zinc needed to make the batteries for the electric motors was much too high. Steam engines fired by coal were more cost efficient. The young scientist In 1840, when he was only twenty-two years old, Joule wrote what would later be known as Joule’s Law. This law explained that electricity produces heat when it travels through a wire due to the resistance of the wire. Joule’s Law is still used today to calculate the amount of heat produced from electricity. By 1841, Joule focused most of his attention on the concept of heat. He disagreed with most of his peers who believed that heat was a fluid called caloric. Joule argued that heat was a state of vibration caused by the collision of molecules. He showed that no matter what kind of mechanical work was done, a given amount of mechanical work always produced the same amount of heat. Thus, he concluded, heat was a form of energy. He established this kinetic theory nearly 100 years before others truly accepted that molecules and atoms existed. On his honeymoon In 1847, Joule married Amelia Grimes, and the couple spent their honeymoon in the Alps. Joule had always been fascinated by waterfalls. He had observed that water was warmer at the bottom of a waterfall than at the top. He believed that the energy of the falling water was transformed into heat energy. While he and his new bride were in the Alps, he tried to prove his theory. His experiment failed because there was too much spray from the waterfall, and the water did not fall the correct distance for his calculations to work. From 1847–1854, Joule worked with a scientist named William Thomson. Together they studied thermodynamics and the expansion of gases. They learned how gases react under different conditions. Their law, named the Joule-Thomson effect, explains that compressed gases cool when they are allowed to expand under the right conditions. Their work later led to the invention of refrigeration. James Joule died on October 11, 1889. The international unit of energy is called the Joule in his honor.
Page 2 of 2 Reading reflection 7.1 1. Why do you think that Joule’s father built him a science lab when he was young? 2. What evidence is there that Joule had an exceptional education? 3. Why was Joule so interested in electromagnets? 4. Why would you consider Joule’s early experiments with electric motors important even though he did not achieve his goal? 5. Explain Joule’s Law in your own words. 6. Describe something Joule believed that contradicted the beliefs of his peers. 7. Describe the experiment that Joule tried to conduct on his honeymoon. 8. Name one thing that we use today that was invented as a result of his research. 9. What unit of measurement is named after him? 10. Research: Find out more information about one of Joule’s more well-known experiments, and share your findings with the class. Try to find a picture of some of the apparatus that he used in his experiments. Suggested topics: galvanometer, heat energy, kinetic energy, mechanical work, conservation of energy, Kelvin scale of temperature, thermodynamics, Joule-Thomson Effect, electric welding, electromagnets, resistance in wires.
Name: Date: 7.2 Identifying Energy Transformations 7.2 Systems change when energy flows and changes from one part of a system to another. Parts of a system may speed up or slow down, get warmer or colder, or change in other measurable ways. Each change transfers energy or transforms energy from one form to another. In this skill sheet, you will practice identifying energy transformations in various systems. At 5:30 a.m., Miranda’s electric alarm clock starts beeping (1). It’s still dark outside so she switches on the light (2). She stumbles sleepily down the hall to the kitchen (3), where she lights a gas burner on the stove (4) to warm some oatmeal for breakfast. Miranda has been awake for less than ten minutes, and she’s already participated in at least four energy transformations. Describe an energy transformation that took place in each of the numbered events above. Solution: 1. Electrical energy to sound energy; 2. Electrical energy to radiant energy (light and heat); 3. Chemical energy from food to kinetic energy; 4. Chemical energy from natural gas to radiant energy (heat and light). 1. There is a spring attached to the screen door on Elijah’s front porch. Elijah opens the door, stretching the spring (1). After walking through the doorway (2), Elijah lets go of the door, and the spring contracts, pulling the door shut (3). Describe an energy transformation that took place in each of the numbered events above. 2. Name two energy transformations that occur as Gabriella heats a bowl of soup in the microwave. 3. Dmitri uses a hand-operated air pump to inflate a small swimming pool for his younger siblings. Name two energy transformations that occurred. 4. Simon puts new batteries in his radio-controlled car and its controller. He activates the controller, which sends a radio signal to the car. The car moves forward. Name at least three energy transformations that occurred. 5. Name two energy transformations that occur as Adeline pedals her bicycle up a steep hill and then coasts down the other side.
Name: Date: 7.2 Energy Transformations—Extra Practice 7.2 You have learned that the amount of energy in the universe is constant and that in any situation requiring energy, all of it must be accounted for. This is the basis for the law of conservation of energy. In this skill sheet you will analyze different scenarios in terms of what happens to energy. Based on your experience with the CPO energy car, you already know that potential energy can be changed into kinetic energy and vice versa. As you study the scenarios below, specify whether kinetic energy is being changed to potential energy, potential is being converted to kinetic, or neither. Explain your answers. For each scenario, see if you can also answer the following questions: Are other energy transformations occurring? In each scenario, where did all the energy go? A roller coaster car travels from point A to point B. Solution: First, potential energy is changed into kinetic energy when the roller coaster car rolls down to the bottom of the first hill. But when the car goes up the second hill to point B, kinetic energy is changed to potential energy. Some energy is lost to friction. That is why point B is a little lower than point A. 1. A bungee cord begins to exert an upward force on a falling bungee jumper. 2. A football is spiraling downward toward a football player. 3. A solar cell is charging a battery.
Page 2 of 2 Energy Scenarios Read each scenario below. Then complete the following for each scenario: 7.2 Identify which of the following forms of energy are involved in the scenario: mechanical, radiant, electrical, chemical, and nuclear. Make an energy flow chart that shows how the energy changes from one form to another, in the correct order. Use a separate paper and colored markers to make your flow charts more interesting. In Western states, many homes generate electricity from windmills. In a particular home, a young boy is using the electricity to run a toy electric train. Solution: Mechanical energy of the windmill is changed to electrical energy which is changed to the mechanical energy of the toy train. 1. A camper is using a wood fire to heat up a pot of water for tea. The pot has a whistle that lets the camper know when the water boils. 2. The state of Illinois generates some of its electricity from nuclear power. A young woman in Chicago is watching a broadcast of a sports game on television. 3. A bicyclist is riding at night. He switches on his bike’s generator so that his headlight comes on. The harder he pedals, the brighter his headlight glows.
Name: Date: 7.3 Conservation of Energy 7.3 The law of conservation of energy tells us that energy can never be created or destroyed—it is just transformed from one form to another. The total energy after a transformation (from potential to kinetic energy, for example) is equal to the total energy before the transformation. We can use this law to solve real-world problems, as shown in the example below. A 0.50-kilogram ball is tossed upward with a kinetic energy of 100. joules. How high does the ball travel? 1. Looking for: The maximum height of the ball. 2. Given: The mass of the ball, 0.50 kg, and the kinetic energy at the start: 100. joules 3. Relationships: EK 1/2mv2; Ep mgh 4. Solution: The potential energy at the top of the ball’s flight is equal to its kinetic energy at the start. Therefore, Ep mgh 100. joules. Substitute into the equation m 0.50 kg and g 9.8 m/s2. 100. mgh (0.50)(9.8)h 4.9h Solve for h. 100. 4.9h; 100. 4.9 h h 20. m 1. A 3.0-kilogram toy dump truck moving with a speed of 2.0 m/s starts up a ramp. How high does the truck roll before it stops? 2. A 2.0-kilogram ball rolling along a flat surface starts up a hill. If the ball reaches a height of 0.63 meters, what was its initial speed? 3. A 500.-kilogram roller coaster starts from rest at the top of an 80.0-meter hill. What is its speed at the bottom of this hill? 4. Find the potential energy of this roller coaster when it is halfway down the hill. 5. A 2.0-kilogram ball is tossed straight up with a kinetic energy of 196 joules. How high does it go? 6. A 50.-kilogram rock rolls off the edge of a cliff. If it is traveling at a speed of 24.2 m/s when it hits the ground, what is the height of the cliff? 7. Challenge! Make up your own energy conservation problem. Write the problem and the answer on separate index cards. Exchange problem cards with a partner. Solve the problems and then check each other’s work using the answer cards. If your answers don’t agree, work together to find the source of error.
Name: Date: 8.1 Work 8.1 In science, “work” is defined with an equation. Work is the amount of force applied to an object (in the same direction as the motion) over a distance. By measuring how much force you have used to move something over a certain distance, you can calculate how much work you have accomplished. The formula for work is: Work (joules) Force (newtons) distance (meters) W F d A joule of work is actually a newton·meter; both units represent the same thing: work! In fact, one joule of work is defined as the amount of work done by pushing with a force of one newton for a distance of one meter. 1.0 joule 1.0 newton 1.0 meter 1.0 newton meter How much work is done on a 10-N block that is lifted 5 m off the ground by a pulley? Solution: The force applied by the pulley to lift the block is equal to the block’s weight.We can use the formula W F d to solve the problem: Work 10 newtons 5 meters 50 newton meters 1. In your own words, define work as a scientific term. 2. How are work, force, and distance related? 3. What are two different units that represent work? 4. For the following situations, determine whether work was done. Write “work done” or “no work done” for each situation. a. An ice skater glides for two meters across ice. b. The ice skater’s partner lifts her up a distance of 1 m. c. The ice skater’s partner carries her across the ice a distance of 3 m. d. After setting her down, the ice skater’s partner pulls her across the ice a distance of 10 m. e. After skating practice, the ice skater lifts her 20-N gym bag up 0.5 m. 5. A woman lifts her 100-N child up one meter and carries her for a distance of 50 m to the child’s bedroom. How much work does the woman do? 6. How much work does a mother do if she lifts each of her twin babies upward 1.0 m? Each baby weighs 90. N.
Page 2 of 2 7. You pull your sled through the snow a distance of 500 m with a horizontal force of 200 N. How much work did you do? 8.1 8. Because the snow suddenly gets too slushy, you decide to carry your 100-N sled the rest of the way home. How much work do you do when you pick up the sled, lifting it 0.5 m upward? How much work do you do to carry the sled if your house is 800 m away? 9. An ant sits on the back of a mouse. The mouse carries the ant across the floor for a distance of 10 m. Was there work done by the mouse? Explain. 10. You decide to add up all the work you did yesterday. If you accomplished 10,000 N · m of work yesterday, how much work did you do in units of joules? 11. You did 150. J of work lifting a 120.-N backpack. a. How high did you lift the backpack? b. How much did the backpack weigh in pounds? (Hint: There are 4.448 N in one pound.) 12. A crane does 62,500 J of work to lift a boulder a distance of 25.0 m. How much did the boulder weigh? (Hint: The weight of an object is considered to be a force in units of newtons.) 13. A bulldozer does 30,000. J of work to push another boulder a distance of 20. m. How much force is applied to push the boulder? 14. You lift a 45-N bag of mulch 1.2 m and carry it a distance of 10. m to the garden. How much work was done? 15. A 450.-N gymnast jumps upward a distance of 0.50 m to reach the uneven parallel bars. How much work did she do before she even began her routine? 16. It took a 500.-N ballerina a force of 250 J to lift herself upward through the air. How high did she jump? 17. A people-moving conveyor-belt moves a 600-N person a distance of 100 m through the airport. a. How much work was done? b. The same 600-N person lifts his 100-N carry-on bag upward a distance of 1 m. They travel another 10 m by riding on the “people mover.” How much work was done in this situation? 18. Which person did the most work? a. John walks 1,000. m to the store. He buys 4.448 N of candy and then carries it to his friend’s house which is 500. m away. b. Sally lifts her 22-N cat a distance of 0.50 m. c. Henry carries groceries from a car to his house. Each bag of groceries weighs 40 N. He has 10 bags. He lifts each bag up 1 m to carry it and then walks 10 m from his car to his house.
Name: Date: 8.2 Efficiency 8.2 In a perfect machine, the work input would equal the work output. However, there aren’t any perfect machines in our everyday world. Bicycles, washing machines, and even pencil sharpeners lose some input work to friction. Efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input. It is expressed as a percent. A perfect machine would have an efficiency of 100 percent. An engineer designs a new can opener. For every twenty joules of work input, the can opener produces ten joules of work output. The engineer tries different designs and finds that her improved version produces thirteen joules of work output for the same amount of work input. How much more efficient is the new version? Efficiency of the first design Efficiency work output work input 10 joules 20 joules 50% Efficiency of the second design Efficiency work output work input 13 joules 20 joules 65% The second design is 15% more efficient than the first. 1. A cell phone charger uses 4.83 joules per second when plugged into an outlet, but only 1.31 joules per second actually goes into the cell phone battery. The remaining joules are lost as heat. That’s why the battery feels warm after it has been charging for a while. How efficient is the charger? 2. A professional cyclist rides a bicycle that is 92 percent efficient. For every 100 joules of energy he exerts as input work on the pedals, how many joules of output work are used to move the bicycle? 3. An automobile engine is 15 percent efficient. How many joules of input work are required to produce 15,000 joules of output work to move the car? 4. It takes 56.5 kilojoules of energy to raise the temperature of 150 milliliters of water from 5 C to 95 C. If you use an electric water heater that is 60% efficient, how many kilojoules of electrical energy will the heater actually use by the time the water reaches its final temperature? 5. A power station burns 75 kilograms of coal per second. Each kg of coal contains 27 million joules of energy. 6. a. What is the total power of this power station in watts? (watts joules/second) b. The power station’s output is 800 million watts. How efficient is this power station? A machine requires 2,000 joules to raise a 20. kilogram block a distance of 6.0 meters. How efficient is the machine? (Hint: Work done against gravity mass acceleration due to gravity height.)
Name: Date: 8.2 Power 8.2 In science, work is defined as the force needed to move an object a certain distance. The amount of work done per unit of time is called power. Suppose you and a friend are helping a neighbor to reshingle the roof of his home. You each carry 10 bundles of shingles weighing 300 newtons apiece up to the roof which is 7 meters from the ground. You are able to carry the shingles to the roof in 10 minutes, but your friend needs 20 minutes. Both of you did the same amount of work (force distance) but you did the work in a shorter time. W F d W 10 bundles of shingles ( 300 N/bundle ) 7 m 21,000 joules However, you had more power than your friend. Work (joules) Power (watts) --------------------------------Time (seconds) Let’s do the math to see how this is possible. Step one: Convert minutes to seconds. 60 seconds 10 minutes ------------------------ 600 seconds (You) minute 60 seconds 20 minutes ------------------------ 1, 200 seconds (Friend) minute Step two: Find power. 21,000 joules ----------------------------- 35 watts (You) 600 seconds 21,000 joules -------------------------------- 17.5 watts (Friend) 1, 200 seconds As you can see, more power is produced when the same amount of work is done in a shorter time period. You have probably heard the word watt used to describe a light bulb. Is it now clear to you why a 100-watt bulb is more powerful than a 40-watt bulb?
Page 2 of 2 8.2 1. A motor does 5,000. joules of work in 20. seconds. What is the power of the motor? 2. A machine does 1,500 joules of work in 30. seconds. What is the power of this machine? 3. A hair dryer uses 72,000 joules of energy in 60. seconds. What is the power of this hair dryer? 4. A toaster oven uses 67,500 joules of energy in 45 seconds to toast a piece of bread. What is the power of the oven? 5. A horse moves a sleigh 1.00 kilometer by applying a horizontal 2,000.-newton force on its harness for 45.0 minutes. What is the power of the horse? (Hint: Convert time to seconds.) 6. A wagon is pulled at a speed of 0.40 m/s by a horse exerting an 1,800-newton horizontal force. What is the power of this horse? 7. Suppose a force of 100. newtons is used to push an object a distance of 5.0 meters in 15 seconds. Find the work done and the power for this situation. 8. Emily’s vacuum cleaner has a power rating of 200. watts. If the vacuum cleaner does 360,000 joules of work, how long did Emily spend vacuuming? 9. Nicholas spends 20.0 minutes ironing shirts with his 1,800-watt iron. How many joules of energy were used by the iron? (Hint: convert time to seconds). 10. It take a clothes dryer 45 minutes to dry a load of towels. If the dryer uses 6,750,000 joules of energy to dry the towels, what is the power rating of the machine? 11. A 1000-watt microwave oven takes 90 seconds to heat a bowl of soup. How many joules of energy does it use? 12. A force of 100. newtons is used to move an object a distance of 15 meters with a power of 25 watts. Find the work done and the time it takes to do the work. 13. If a small machine does 2,500 joules of work on an object to move it a distance of 100. meters in 10. seconds, what is the force needed to do the work? What is the power of the machine doing the work? 14. A machine uses a force of 200 newtons to do 20,000 joules of work in 20 seconds. Find the distance the object moved and the power of the machine. (Hint: A joule is the same as a Newton-meter.) 15. A machine that uses 200. watts of power moves an object a distance of 15 meters in 25 seconds. Find the force needed and the work done by this machine.
Name: Date: 8.2 Power in Flowing Energy 8.2 Power is the rate of doing work. You do work if you lift a heavy box up a flight of stairs. You do the same amount of work whether you lift the box slowly or quickly. But your power is greater if you do the work in a shorter amount of time. Power can also be used to describe the rate at which energy is converted from one form into another. A light bulb converts electrical energy into heat (thermal energy) and light (radiant energy). The power of a light bulb is the rate at which the electrical energy is converted into these other forms. To calculate the power of a person, machine, or other device, you must know the work done or energy converted and the time. Work can be calculated using the following formula: Work (joules) Force (newtons) distance (meters) W F d Both work and energy are measured in joules. A joule is actually another name for a newton·meter. If you push an object along the floor with a force of 1 newton for a distance of 1 meter, you have done 1 joule of work. A motor could be used to do this same task by converting 1 joule of electrical energy into mechanical energy. Power is calculated by dividing the work or energy by the time. Power is measured in watts. One watt is equal to one joule of work or energy per second. In one second, a 60-watt light bulb converts 60 joules of electrical energy into heat and light. Power can also be measured in horsepower. One horsepower is equal to 746 watts. Power (watts) Work or Energy (joules) Time (s) P W / t A cat who cat weighs 40 newtons climbs 15 meters up a tree in 10 seconds. Calculate the work done by the cat and the cat’s power. Looking for The work and power of the cat. Given The force is 40 N. The distance is 15 m. The time is 10 s. Relationships Work Force distance Power Work/time Solution Work 40 N 15 m 600 J Power 600 J 60 W 10 s The work done by the cat is 600 joules. The power of the cat is 60 watts. In units of horsepower, the cat’s power is (60 watts)(1 hp / 746 watts) 0.12 horsepower.
Page 2 of 2 8.2 1. Complete the table below: Force (N) 100 100 100 100 9 3 2. 3. 4. Distance (m) 2 2 4 20 30 20 Time (sec) 5 10 10 25 20 10 Work (J) Power (W) 500 1000 75 60 60 5 Oliver weighs 600. newtons. He climbs a flight of stairs that is 3.0 meters tall in 4.0 seconds. a. How much work did he do? b. What was Oliver’s power in watts? An elevator weighing 6,000. newtons moves up a distance of 10.0 meters in 30.0 seconds. a. How much work did the elevator’s motor do? b. What was the power of the elevator’s motor in watt and in horsepower? After a large snowstorm, you shovel 2,500. kilograms of snow off of your sidewalk in half an hour. You lift the shovel to an average height of 1.5 meters while you are piling the snow in your yard. a. How much work did you do? Hint: The force is the weight of the snow. b. What was your power in watts? Hint: You must always convert time to seconds when calculating power. 5. A television converts 12,000 joules of electrical energy into light and sound every minute. What is the power of the television? 6. The power of a typical adult’s body over the course of a day is 100. watts. This means that 100. joules of energy from food are needed each second. 7. 8. a. An average apple contains 500,000 joules of energy. For how many seconds would an apple power a person? b. How many joules are needed each day? c. How many apples would a person need to eat to get enough energy for one day? A mass of 1,000. kilograms of water drops 10.0 meters down a waterfall every second. a. How much potential energy is converted into kinetic energy every second? b. What is the power of the waterfall in watts and in horsepower An alkaline AA battery stores approximately 12,000 joules of energy. A small flashlight uses two AA bat
transformations. Describe an energy transformation that took place in each of the numbered events above. Solution: 1. Electrical energy to sound energy; 2. Electrical energy to radiant energy (light and heat); 3. Chemical energy from food to kinetic energy; 4. Chemical energy from natural gas to radiant energy (heat and light). 1.
Write 3 examples of kinetic energy. (answer in your journal, label as kinetic energy) Factors that affect Kinetic Energy Mass Velocity (speed) The heavier an object is, the more kinetic energy it has. The more speed an object has, the more kinetic energy it has
examples (wrecking ball, railgun, bow and arrow, and mic drop), potential energy was converted to kinetic energy or kinetic energy was converted to potential energy. The arrow was pulled . understanding of kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic energy Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Kinetic energy depends on the mass of the object as well as the speed of that object. Just think of a large object moving at a very high speed. You would say that the object has a lot of energy. Since the object is moving, it has kinetic energy. The form
The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends on its speed and its mass. x Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy. x Potential energy is known as stored energy. x It is energy that could cause changes in the future. x Potential energy often changes into kinetic energy. Exampl
of potential and kinetic energy. 4. When the yo-yo gets to the bottom all the potential energy has turned into kinetic energy. 5. As the yo-yo comes back up the string the process is reversed. Kinetic energy is transformed b
2. Explain that the tennis ball did indeed have energy as it moved. This is what we refer to as kinetic energy. But, the ball also had energy as it was sitting still. This is known as potential energy. 3. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Any time an object is in motion, it has kinetic energy. Potential energy is
reduces Kinetic Energy and increase Potential Energy A: The energy is stored as potential energy. PE is like your saving account. Potential energy gain (mg h) during the rising part. We can get that energy back as kinetic E if the ball falls back off. During falling, Kinetic Energy will increase mg h. Potential energy will reduce mg h.
A. There is no kinetic friction because the blocks are moving at constant speed. B. The magnitude of the kinetic friction between the blocks and the kinetic friction between M 1 and the tabletop are the same because the coefficient of kinetic friction is the same. C. The kinetic friction force that acts on M points to the left. D. Block M
