Potential And Kinetic Energy

Potential and Kinetic Energy

What is Energy? The ability to cause change

Energy notes entry # 4 11/5PotentialEnergyDefinitionsDependenton ExamplesForms ofKineticEnergy

Potential EnergyDefinition Potential Energy is storedenergy. It is not energy inmotion. Potential energy isdependent on its position(location) and its condition(new battery vs. usedbattery.) ExamplesBatteriesGasolineFoodPlant on a windowsillAcorn hanging on a tree

POTENTIAL ENERGY Things have energy depending on where they are(position/ location).The penny has LOTS of potentialenergy; the rock doesn’t.pennyrockEmpire StateBuildingflowers

Common Uses Potential energy is stored energy so it is usedto “run” many things for example– Gasoline “runs” cars– Batteries “run” ourtoys

Common Uses Food is our potential energy and it helps ussurvive and do activities.

FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Chemical (food, gasoline)Nuclear (fusion & fission)Gravitational (position or place)Stored Mechanical (stretched rubber band)

Understanding Check Tell the person next to you: Why do these peoplehave potential energy?

Choose one of the following sentence frames. Usingyour science journal, fill in the blanks using what youknow about potential energy. can be described as. Characteristics (components) ofinclude and. is widely acknowledged asand exhibits.

Please grab your science journals!

Kinetic EnergyDefinition Energy in the form ofmotion Kinetic energy is dependenton mass and speed. Thegreater the mass and speedthe more kinetic energy theobject hasExamples Person running Bicycle wheel spinning Frisbee flying in the air

KINETIC ENERGYThings have energy depending on how fast they move.Which has more kinetic energy?

FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY Sound– Travels in waves, JUST LIKE IN THE OCEAN– Has to have something to travel through.Energy traveling through AIR

FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY Radiant– Also travels in waves– DOESN’T need anything to travel throughEarthSunEnergy traveling through SPACE

FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY Electrical– When electrons move.– lightning and electricity are kineticenergy.

EXAMPLES OF KINETIC ENERGYSoundLightDancingElectricity

Understanding Check Tell the person next to you: How do you know hehas kinetic energy?

Choose one of the following sentence frames. Usingyour science journal, fill in the blanks using what youknow about kinetic energy. One example of is. Characteristics (components) ofincludeand . Frequently associated with ,is understood as.

Comparing and Contrasting Potentialand Kinetic Energy There are many different types of energy. Thetwo main types of energy are potential andkinetic energy. How are these two types of energy alike(compare) and how are they different(contrast)?

Use one of the following types of graphic organizers tocompare and contrast Potential energy and fferentPotentialKinetic

When you are done with your graphic organizer,answer the following questions on a separate sheet ofpaper to be turned into me as your ticket out the door1. Use and example (not given in thePowerPoint presentation) to explain howpotential energy can transform into kineticenergy.2. Why is understanding potential energy andkinetic energy important to understandingmotion (movement)?

ENERGY DAY 2

Warm up Today we are going to warm up with a few sciencedemonstrations (and short play time) Please set up your science journals with the following datatable (using a ruler is optional)ActivityPoppersPing Pong poppersRattle backsGyro ringsAstroblasterWhen does it havepotential energy?When does it havekinetic energy?

Button Whizzer lab Learning target: to observe how potential andkinetic energy can be transferred, stored andreleased

ENERGY DAY 3

Warm up

Law of conservation of energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed. Itjust changes from one form to another. Youalways have the same amount of energy in asystem. No more no less!

What does this really mean? New concept: Law of Conservation of energy Example Sentence:Definitions:Essential characteristics.Examples:.diagrams.

Conservation of Energy This means that kinetic energy can turn intopotential energy which can turn into kinetic energy whichcan turn into potential energy which can turn into kinetic energywhich can turn into potential energywhich can turn into kinetic energy which can turn into potential energy .KineticPotential

CONVERSIONFrom rmsofenergy.html

LAVA LAMP

LAVA LAMPKinetic: Electricity, Light, Heat, MotionKE: MotionKE: LightKE: HeatKE: HeatPotential: stored energy in the wax, whichisn’t transformed.KE: Electricity

Energy Flow1. Kinetic energy in the form of electricity enters the lampthrough the outlet and cord.2. A bulb turns this electricity into another form of kineticenergy: light. The light flows into the room.3. This light also creates heat, yet another form of kineticenergy.4. The heat flows into the room, and also melts the waxinside the lamp, making it move.5. The same amount of energy that went into the lampcomes out of the lamp in 3 different forms: light, heat, andmotion.

Energy FlowElectricityLightHeatMotionTHEROOM

LAVA LAMPEnergy FlowElectricityLightKE: MotionKE: HeatHeatKE: LightKE: HeatMotionKE: ElectricityTHEROOM

Consider:The yo-yo.

The Yo-YoPE: height, stringPE: height, stringPE: height, stringPE: height, stringKE: motionKE: motionKE: motionPotential: height, wound stringKinetic: yo-yo falling & rising

Energy FlowHeightWound StringMotion

Energy Flow1. The Yo-Yo has only potential energy at the beginning.There are two kinds: potential energy because of height, andthe wound string.2. As the yo-yo drops, the potential energy is transformedinto the kinetic energy of the yo-yo moving.3. When it is halfway down, the yo-yo has the same amountof potential and kinetic energy.4. When the yo-yo gets to the bottom all the potential energyhas turned into kinetic energy.5. As the yo-yo comes back up the string the process isreversed. Kinetic energy is transformed back into potentialenergy (the wound string, and height).

Let’s practice together1. What types of energy?2. How does energy flow?3. Concept map of energyflow.4. Describe the flow ofenergy.1. Kinetic energy, Chemical Potential energy, thermalenergy, light (radiant) energy, electrical energy2. Kinetic (motion), chemical potential (batteries),electrical (wires connecting to light) thermal(fromlight and wires), light (given off into the room)3. KE CPE electrical thermal lightThe Room

Can we fill more of this in? New concept: Law of Conservation of energyDefinitions:Essential characteristics.Examples:.Diagrams.

Energy Flow1. Pick an object and sketch it2. Identify the types of energy that your object uses.3. Draw arrows on your object to show the flow of energy.4. Make a chart/concept map of the energy flow.5. Write a SHORT paragraph describing the energy flow. Howdoes this show that energy isn’t created or destroyed, it justchanges?

ENERGY DAY 4

Thermal Energy We call this heat. Actually the internal energy in substances . As molecules and atoms within substancesmove around this is what causes thermalenergy. The faster the movement, the greater theamount of thermal energy.

Hard to understand? Think about when youare running, whathappens the more youmove? Muscles moveStart to sweatTemperature increasesBasically you areconverting kineticenergy (motion) intothermal energy (heat)by moving themolecules that make upyour body

Other Examples of Thermal Energy (Heat) Geothermal energyFrictionStoves/ ovensFire

Quick Demonstration Rub your hands together– What do you notice? Move faster and then slow down– Do you notice a difference?

Choose one of the following sentence frames. Usingyour science journal, fill in the blanks using what youknow about thermal energy. When is added,increases. has been caused by , thus. has/have caused . Which, inturn, results/resulted in .

How does Heat Travel Heat always transferred from hot items to colditems. Hot souprefrigerator Hot spoonice cream Warm sodaIce cubesRemember the hotter something is, the faster themolecules and atoms are moving which meansmore energy. This energy overcomes the coolerthings that have less energy. It transfers energyinto them which heats them up.

Demonstrations Place one hand on the table- what do youfeel?– Your hand is transferring heat from your hand tothe table. Ring and ball (demo)Hand boilersFortune fishThermo boards

Conservation of energy lab

of potential and kinetic energy. 4. When the yo-yo gets to the bottom all the potential energy has turned into kinetic energy. 5. As the yo-yo comes back up the string the process is reversed. Kinetic energy is transformed b