Structural Engineering Handbook - Dandelon
Structural Engineering Handbook Edited by Edwin H. Gaylord, Jr. Professor of Civil Engineering, Emeritus University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Charles N. Gaylord Late Professor of Civil Engineering, Emeritus University of Virginia James E. Stallmeyer Professor of Civil Engineering, Emeritus University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Fourth Edition McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contents Preface xv Contributors xvii Section 1 Structural Analysis Parti. Fundamentals and Applications to Structural Frameworks 1-1 David A. Pecknold Introduction: Classification of Structures; Fundamentals of Analysis: Description of Structural Configuration—Basic Principles— Static Determinacy and Stability—Superposition—Symmetry; Energy Principles: Principle of Virtual Work—Principle of Minimum Potential Energy—Principle of Minimum Complementary Potential Energy—The Reciprocal Theorem; Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures: Forces: Plane and Space Trusses—Beams and Frames—Beam Deflections; Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures: Comparison of Force and Displacement Methods; Force Method: Structure Flexibility Coefficients—Dummy Unit-Load Method Examples—Three-Moment Equation for Continuous Beams; Displacement Method: Structure Stiffness Coefficients— Member Stiffness Matrices—Member Fixed-End Forces—Portal Frame by Displacement Method—Slope-Deflection Equations—Moment Distribution—Matrix Formulation of the Displacement Method—Frame Element Stiffness Properties and Equivalent Loads Using Virtual Work; Nonlinear Analysis: Second Order Effects and Frame Stability: Characteristics of Nonlinear Response of Structures—Formulation of Nonlinear Structural Analysis Problems—Solution Methods for Nonlinear Structural Analysis Problems— Linearized Buckling—Second-Order Analysis of Frame Structures
vi Structural Engineering Handbook Part 2. Continua: The Finite-Element Method 1-64 William C. Schnobrich Finite-Element Method: Requirements for Finite-Element Analysis—Discretization of the Structure—Guidelines for Selection of Grid—Element Models—Plane-Stress and Plain-Strain Elements—Plane-Stress Analysis—Beam and Plate Bending—Shells and Combined Direct Stress and Bending—Three-Dimensional Problems—Element Stiffness Matrix and Nodal Force Vector—Equilibrium Equations for the Assemblage—Solution for the Displacements—:Solution for Element Strains and Stress Section 2 Computer Applications in Structural Engineering 2-1 Steven J. Fenves Introduction—The Computing Environment—Current Status—Data Capture—Conceptual Design—Detailed Design—Modeling and Model Interpretation—Analysis—Performance Evaluation—Redesign and Optimization—Integration with Other Disciplines—Preparation of Design Documents Section 3 Earthquake-Resistant Design 3-1 W. J. Hall Response of Simple Structures to Earthquake Motions—Earthquake Motions; Response Spectra: Elastic Systems—Design Response Spectra—Response Spectra for Inelastic Systems—Multi-Degree of Freedom Systems; Computation of Period of Vibration: Fundamental Mode—Higher Modes—Modal Participation Factors—Spring Constant for Equivalent Shear Beam; Design: General Considerations—Effects of Design on Behavior—Design Lateral Forces—Seismic Forces for Overturning Moments and Shear Distribution—Damping—Gravity Loads—Vertical and Horizontal Excitation—Unsymmetrical Structures in Torsion—Curtain-Wall Buildings—Core Walls—Parts of Buildings—Effects of Soil Conditions—Detailing and Quality Control—Cost—Lifelines; Bridges: Overview on Bridge Design—Design Considerations—Modelling and Analysis Section 4 Fatigue, Brittle Fracture, and Lamellar Tearing 4-1 W. H. Munse and S. T. Rolfe Fatigue of Structural Steel: Significance of Fatigue—Fatigue of Structural Steels—Factors Affecting Fatigue Strength—Structural Members—Riveted Connections—Bolted Connections—Welded Connections—Design for Fatigue—Protecting against Fatigue; Brittle Fracture of Structural Steel: General—Notch Toughness—Significance of Loading Rate—Introduction to Fracture Mechanics—Correlation Between Various Fracture Test Results—Fracture Mechanics Design—Prevention of Brittle Fracture—Lamellar Tearing Section 5 Soil Mechanics 5-1 H. G. Larew Nature and Causes of Soil Deformation: Settlement—Frost Movements—Shrinkage— Subsidence—Soil Deformation—Time-dependent Deformation; Strength Properties of Soils: Compressive Strength—Effect of Confining Pressures—Transient and Repeated Loads; Factors Affecting Bearing Pressure: Allowable Bearing Pressure—Permissible Settlement—Elastic-plastic Deformation—Shear Failures—Consolidation—Time Rate of
Contents vii Settlement; Cuts and Embankments: Slope Stability; Compaction and Permeability: Compaction—Permeability; Appendix Section 6 Subsurface Exploration 6-1 T. K. Liu and J. R. Lambrechts Introduction: Intent of Subsurface Exploration Programs; Basic Exploratory Methods: Test Pits—Borings—Sampling—Boring Reports; Influence of Geology on Explorations: Sources of Information—Glacial Materials—Water-Laid Materials—Wind-Laid Materials—Organic Soils—Residual Soils—Frozen Soils; In Situ Investigations for Soil Properties: Strength and Deformation Properties—Dynamic Properties—Permeability; Surficial Geology and Remote Sensing: Surficial Geology—Remote Sensing—Geophysical Surveys; Load Testing: Plate Load tests—Pile Load Tests; Instrumentation During Subsurface Exploration Programs: Observation Wells and Piezometers—Ground Movements; Exploration Program: Site Reconnaissance—Fact-Finding Survey—Planning Explorations Section 7 Retaining Structures and Foundations 7-1 Herbert O. Ireland and James H. Long Earth Pressures: Stresses in Earth Mass—Rankine's Theory—Coulomb's Theory— Equivalent-Fluid Method—Trial-Wedge Method; Retaining Walls: Types and Behavior—Determining Earth Pressure—Bases on Piles or Piers; Stability Requirements: Bearing Capacity—Stability; Miscellaneous Requirements: Drainage—Other Considerations; Structural Design Requirements: Gravity Walls—Semigravity Walls—Cantilever Walls—Counterfort Walls—Joints—Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls; Abutments: Bulkheads; Forces on Bulkheads—Penetration of Piles—Anchorage; Footing Foundations: Footings on Clay—Footings on Sand—Footings on Silt and Loess; Raft Foundations: Raft on Clay—Raft on Sand; Pier Foundations: Open Excavations—Drilled . Piers—Piers on Clay—Piers on Sand—Caisson Foundations—Foundation Requirements; Pile Foundations: Pile-Driving Equipment—Pile-Driving Formulas—Pile Tests—Piles in Sand—Piles in Clay—Settlement of Pile Foundations—Laterally Loaded Piles—Batter Piles—Lateral Stability of Piles—Guy Anchors—Foundations Subjected to Uplift—Improvement of Subsoil—Construction Problems Section 8 Design of Steel Structural Members 8-1 Lee C. Lim and Hans William Hagen Types of Steel—Shapes—Lamellar Tearing; Tension Members: Concentrically Loaded Tension Members—Threaded Members—Member Types and Selection—Truss Members—Block Shear; Compression Members: Column Strength—Concentrically Loaded Columns—Effective Length—Amplification Factors and Frame Stability—Proportioning—Local Buckling—Lacing and Perforated Cover Plates—Tapered Columns—Slender Compression Elements; Beams: Allowable Stresses—Biaxial Bending—Shear—Deflection—Combined Bending and Compression; Plate Girders: Web—Flanges—Lengths of Flange Plates—Lateral Buckling—Requirements for Stiffeners—Combined Bending and Shear; Welded Connections: Welding Processes—Weld Classification—Weldability— Electrodes—Inspection—Fillet-welded Joints—Groove-welded Joints—Concentrically Loaded Connections—Beam-Seat Connections—Stiffened Beam-Seat Connections— Framed Beam Connections—Moment-resistant Connections; Riveted and Bolted Connections: Rivets—High-Strength Bolts—Unfinished Bolts—Turned Bolts—Ribbed Bolts—Bearing Bolts—High-Strength Tension Control and Tension Set Bolts—Shear
viii Structural Engineering Handbook Connections—Eccentrically Loaded Connections, Fasteners in Shear—Eccentrically Loaded Connections, Fasteners in Tension—Flexible Beam-Seat Connections—Stiffened Beam-Seat Connections—Framed Beam Connections—Moment-resistant Beam Connections—Pinned Connections; Bearing Plates and Splices: Beam Bearing Plates—Column Bases—Compression-Member Splices Section 9 Plastic Design of Steel Frames 9-1 Lynn S. Beedle and T. V. Galambos Inelastic Bending—Indeterminate Structures; Analysis: Theorems—Statical Method— Mechanism Method—Moment Check—Instantaneous Center—Distributed Loads; Deflection Analysis: Deflection at Ultimate Load—Deflections at Working Load; Design Requirements: Specifications—Loads and;Forces—General Design Procedure—Preliminary Design—Analysis; Secondary Design Considerations: Axial Force—Lateral Bracing— Local Buckling—Shear—Frame Instability; Connections: Corner Connections—Interior Beam-to-Column Connections Section 10 Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members 10-1 Roger A. LaBoube Materials—Shapes and Uses; Design: Section Properties—Thin Compression Elements— Uniformly Compressed Elements—Elements with Stress Gradient—Elements with an Edge Stiffener—Elements with an Intermediate Stiffener—Members—Compression Members—Flexural Members—Beam Webs—Combined Bending and Axial Compression—Connections—Wall Studs—Effects of Cold Forming on Steel Properties—Tests for Special Cases—Industrial Storage Racks—Shear Diaphragms—Folded-Plate and Shell Roofs Section 11 Design of Aluminum Structural Members 10-1 John W. Clark and Maurice L. Sharp Materials and Specifications: Shapes—Codes, Specifications and Design Guidelines— Applications and Alloys—Characteristics of Aluminum; Design: Tension Members: Yielding and Fracture—Welded Tension Members; Compression Members: Column Formulas—Lacing—Local Buckling of Plates, Legs, and Flanges in Edge Compression— Stiffeners for Flat Plates in Edge Compression—Local Buckling of Round Tubes in End Compression—Welded Compression Members; Beams: Yielding and Ultimate Strength— Lateral-Torsional Buckling—Local Buckling of Beams—Shear Strength of Beam Webs— Strength of Beam Webs Under Concentrated Loads; Plate Girders: Lateral Buckling—Design of Web—Vertical Stiffeners—Longitudinal Stiffeners—Bearing Stiffeners; Combined Loading: Combined Bending and Axial Load—Plate and Tube Bucklingunder Combined Stress; Connections: Riveted Connections—Bolted Connections—Welded Connections; Design for Repeated Loads Section 12 Design of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members 12-1 William L. Gamble Concrete—Reinforcement—Specifications, Codes and Standards—Strength Design and Working-Stress Design—ACI Load and Reduction Factors—Precision—Rectangular Beams—Continuity—Doubly Reinforced Beams—Tee Beams—Special Beam Shapes— Shear and Diagonal Tension—Development and Anchorage of Reinforcement—Splices— Bar Cutoffs and Bend Points—Deflection—Column Design—Combined Compression and
Contents ix Bending—Column Splices—Columns With Biaxial Bending—Stairs—Wall Footings— Column Footings—Walls—Slabs—Structural Framing Systems Section 13 Design of Prestressed-Concrete Structural Members 13-1 T. Y. Lin and Paul Zia Notation: Materials: Concrete—Steel—Grouting; Methods and Systems of Prestressing: Tensioning ensioning Systems; Loss of Prestress: Elastic Shortening of Concrete—Creep—Shrinkage—Relaxation in Steel—Slippage of Tendons during Anchoring—Friction—Effective Prestress—Elongation of Tendons; Analysis for Flexure: Basic Concepts—Stress in Steel—Cracking Moment—Ultimate Moment—Composite ("Sections; Design for Flexure: Preliminary Design—Elastic Design—Ultimate Design—Balanced-Load Design—Deflections; Shear, Bond, and Bearing: Principal Tension—Web Reinforcement—Prestress Transfer Bond— Anchorage; Typical Sections: Beam Sections—Span-Depth Ratios—Cable Layouts— Tendon Protection and Spacing—Partial Prestress—Combination of Prestressed and Reinforced Concrete; Continuous Beams: Continuous-Beam C Lines—Load-Balancing Method—Ultimate Strength of Continuous Beams; Design Examples: Torsion: Torsional Shear Stress—Cracking Torque—Design for Equilibrium Torsion—Design for Compatibility Torsion Section 14 Design of Composite Members 14-1 Peter C. H. Cheu, Ira Hooper and Ivan M. Viest Scope—Plastic Strength of Beam Cross Section—Elastic Properties of Beam Cross Section—Steel Deck—Beam Connectors—Unsymmetrical Steel Sections—Continuity—Deflections and Vibrations—Critical Column Stress—Concrete Encasement—Shear Connectors for Columns—Base Plate—Temporary Bracing—Combined Compression and Flexure; Building Design: General—Design of Composite Beams—Selection of Steel Sec' tion—Design of Shear Connectors—Design of Composite Columns; Bridge Design: Assumptions—Design of Composite Beams—Steel-Member Selection—Design of Shear Connectors Section 15 Masonry Construction 15-1 Walter L. Dickey Materials: Burned-Clay Units—Brick—Structural Clay Tile—Concrete Units—Dimensions—Mortar—Grout; Nomenclature: Unreinforced Masonry: Materials—Design— Allowable Stresses—Beams—Walls—Slender Walls—Columns; Masonry Veneer: Reinforced Veneer; Tests and Inspection: Compressive Strength of Masonry—Field Tests; Detailing and Construction: Detailing—Concrete Foundations—Storing—Workmanship— Shoring and Scaffolding—Prefabrication; Fire Section 16 Timber Structures 16-1 Kenneth P. Milbradt Structural Properties of Wood: Anisotropic Nature of Wood—Elastic Constants—Directional Strength Properties—Factors Affecting Strength—Working Stresses for Sawn Lumber— Glued-Laminated Lumber—Plywood; Fasteners: Bolts—Split Rings and Shear Plates—Truss Plates; Beams: Flexure—Shear—Bearing—Deflections—Lateral Stability—Continuous Spans—Pitched and Tapered Beams; Columns: Solid Columns—Box Columns—Spaced Columns—Beam Columns; Trusses: Proportions—Design of Mem-
x Structural Engineering Handbook bers—Deflections—Camber—Bracing—Trussed Joints; Arches: Three-Hinged Tudor Arch—Two-Hinged Arches; Shell Structures: Domes—Barrel Vaults—Hyperbolic Paraboloids Section 17 Arches and Rigid Frames 17-1 Thomas C. Kavanagh (deceased) and Robert C. Y. Young Nomenclature and Classification; Analysis: Assumptions—Kern Relationships—FiniteElement Analysis—Energy Methods; Design of Arches: General Procedure—Preliminary Selection of Shape—Approximations for Special Shapes—Intermediate Design—Approximations of Whitney Date—Final Design—Unsymmetrical Arches—Ultimate Design of Concrete Arches; Design of Frames: Steel Frames—Concrete Rigid-Frame Bridges—Design—Arched Bents; Continuous Arches on Elastic Piers; Special Topics: Second-Order Theory—Interaction of Arch and Deck—Buckling of Arches—Laterally Loaded Arches and Frames—Skewed Barrel Arches and Rigid-Frame Slabs; Construction and Details: Concrete Arches and Frames—Steel Arches and Rigid Frames—Economics Section 18 Steel and Concrete Bridges 18-1 Arthur L. Elliott and Richard J. LeBeau ,' General: General—Aesthetics; Loads: Loads—Combinations of Loads—Maximum Moments and Shears in Simple Spans—Positive Moments in Continuous Spans—Negative Moments in Continuous Spans—Shears in Continuous Spans—Impact—Wind—Other Loads—Design Methods; Steel Bridges: Floor Systems—Concrete Floors—Steel Floors— Floor Beams; Bearing and Expansion Details: End Bearings—Expansion Hangers—Deck Expansion Joints; Beam and Plate-Girder Bridges: Beam Bridges—Plate-Girder Bridges—Composite Beam Bridges—Continuous Spans—Spacing—Lateral Systems—Deflection—Welded Plate Girders—Web Splice—Field Splices; Truss Bridges: Proportions— Loads and Stresses—Truss Members—Lateral Forces; Concrete Bridges: Introduction— Camber, Plastic Flow, and Shrinkage; Slab Bridges: Simple Spans—Continuous Spans— Design of Bents—Typical Details, Continuous Slabs; T-Beam Bridges: Economics—Design of a T-Beam Bridge—Design of Substructure—Typical Details; Box-Girder Bridges: Economics—Proportions—Design—Substructure; Prestressed-Concrete Bridges: Standard Sections—Stresses—Path of Prestressing Force—Friction Losses—Ultimate Load— Web Reinforcement—Uplift—Live-Load Deflection; Bridge Railings: Railing Design— Curbs and Sidewalks—Pedestrian Railings; Administration of a Bridge System: Maintenance and Inspection of Existing Bridges—Bridge Administration Section 19 Steel-Plate-Deck Bridges and Steel Box Girder Bridges 19-1 Roman Wolchuk Applications—Economic Considerations—Structural Behavior—Loading; Analysis: Substitute Orthotropic Plate—Geometric Parameters—Decks with Closed Ribs—Decks with Open Ribs—Refined Analysis—Floorbeams and Main Bridge Members; Design and Details: Limit States—Superposition of Local and Global Effects—Engineering Characteristics of Open- and Closed-rib Decks—Local Deformations and Stresses—Details, Fabrication and Erection; Wearing Surfaces: General Requirements—Surfacing Materials; Box Girders: Analysis of Box Girders—Design in Accordance with Classical Elastic Theory—Effect of Imperfections on Behavior of Steel Plating—Unstiffened Plate Panel under Axial Compression—Stiffened Plate Panel under Axial Compression—Plate Panel under Combined Shear and Axial Load—Load-Bearing Diaphragms—Erection of Box Girders; Railroad Bridges
Contents Section 20 Curved Steel I-Girder Bridges xi 20-1 William N. Poellot, Jr. Design Considerations: Bridge Geometry—Thermal Effects—Framing Arrangements— Number of Design Girders—Connection Details—Camber; Curved Girder Mechanics: Torsion-Warping Stresses—Radial Component of Flange Force—V-Load Approximation—Lateral Flange Bending—Centrifugal Force Effect; Diaphragm Forces Section 21 Curved Steel Box Girder Bridges 21-1 William N. Poellot, Jr. Design Considerations: al Analysis; Box Girder Mechanics: Torsional Effects—Webs—Top Flange—Bottom Flange— Crossframes—Lateral Bracing Section 22 Curved Concrete Box Girder Bridges 22-1 Alan J. Moreton, Juan J. Goni, Amy R. Kohls and Daniel G. Davis Bridge Types: Cast-in-Place Deck on Straight Precast Girders—Cast-in-Place on Falsework—Segmental—Incrementally Launched; Structural Considerations: Influence of Curvature on Structural Configuration—Superstructure Section and Details—Skewed Supports—Expansion Joints and Bearings—Influence of Construction Methods on Structural Configuration—Construction-Camber and Geometry Control; Theory: General—Behavior of a Curved Beam—Loading Effects on Curved Concrete Box Girder Bridges—Redistribution of Bending and Torsional Moments Due to Creep; Analysis and Design: State of Stress; Example of Design Process Section 23 Buildings—General Design Considerations 23-1 Stephen J. Y. Tang, Ian R. Chin, Jerome W. Rasgus and Richard F. Rowe Planning Building Structures: Selection of Structural Scheme—Spatial Requirements— Lateral Load Systems—Deflection—Structural Materials—Fire Resistance—Deterioration—Provision for Environmental-Control Systems—Limitations of Various Systems; Loads: Dead Load—Live Load—Snow Loads—Wind Loads—Seismic Loads; Floor and Roof Construction: Floor and Roof Systems—Floor Finish—Roofing; Wall Construction: Type of Walls—Nonbearing Walls—Bearing Walls—Windows; Stairs: Planning— Types—Framing—Steel Stairs—Concrete Stairs—Escalators; Miscellaneous Considerations: Openings and Voids—Thermal and Seismic Movement Section 24 Industrial Buildings 24-1 James M. Fisher Design Philosophy—Identification of Client Requirements—Building Layout—Identifying Structural Requirements—Selection of Roofing and Wall Material—Selection of Bay Size; Framing Systems: Concrete-Framed Buildings—Wood-Framed Buildings—SteelFramed Buildings—Lateral-Load Systems; Materials Handling: Crane Buildings: Fatigue—Crane Girder Design—Crane Columns Section 25 Tall Buildings 25-1 Morton H. Eligator, Sing L. Chu and Louis A. Occhicone Framing: Bay Sizes—Columns—Elevator Shafts—Moving Stairs—Stairwells—Transfer Girders and Trusses; Wind Bracing: Braced Bents, Rigid Frames, Shear Walls, and Interaction Systems—Tubular Frames, Tube Within a Tube, and Combinations—Fixed and Par-
xii Structural Engineering Handbook tially Fixed Joints in Steel Structures—Wind-Load Determination—Wind Deflection— Wind-Shear Dissipation—Approximate Methods of Analysis—Computer Methods— Damping Systems—Thermal Effects Section 26 Thin-Shell Concrete Structures 26-1 David P. Billington and Julian A. Dumitrescu Thin Shells and Their Classification—Introduction to Design and Analysis—Basic Assumptions and Simplifications; Shells of Rotation: Cylindrical Shell Walls (Membrane Theory)—Cylindrical Tanks—Circular Plates—Tanks with Flat Roofs; Domes: Membrane Theory—Examples for Shell Rotational Structures—Solutions by the Finite Element Method—Hyperboloids; Cylindrical Barrel Shells: Cylindrical Shell Roofs—Behavior and Simplified Analysis of Long Cylinders y-Behavior and Simplified Analysis of Short Cylinders—Rigorous Analysis of Barrel Shells—Finite Element Analysis; Folded Plates: Analysis of Folded Plates—Example—Prestressed Folded Plates—Continuous Folded Plates; Translation Shells of Double Curvature: Membrane Theory—Elliptic Paraboloids—Hyperbolic Paraboloids (Hypars) with Straight-Line Boundaries—Hyperbolic Paraboloids with Parabolic Boundaries; Dimensioning; Stability and Safety; Construction; Appearance Section 27 Suspension Roofs 27-1 /. Paul Lew and Thomas Z. Scarangello Examples of Suspension Structures; Design of Suspension Systems: Anchorage Forces— Dynamic Behavior—Single Cable under Uniformly Distributed Load—Configuration and Shapes of Suspension Structures; Double Layer of Prestressed Cables: Damped Suspension Systems—Structural Relationships—Notation—Preliminary Design of Double-Layer Cable System—Analysis of Double-Layer Cable System—Behavior of Pair-Set of Cables—Application to Preliminary Design of Cable Grids and Membranes—Load Combinations for Selection of Cables—Types of Cables—Fittings—Membranes Section 28 Reinforced-Concrete Silos 28-1 German Gurfinkel Introduction—Bin Pressures—-Emptying Pressures on Silo Walls, DIN 1055 Sheet 6— Emptying Pressures on Silo Walls, ACI 313—Silage—Pressures on Horizontal Bottoms and Inclined Hoppers—Earthquake Forces; Wall Forces: Circular Silos—Rectangular and Polygonal Silos—Thermal Effects; Design of Walls: Minimum Thickness of Circular Walls—Design Crack Width—Walls in Tension—Walls in Tension and Flexure—Walls in Compression—Walls in Compression and Flexure—In-Plane Bending of Walls—Walls Subjected to Thermal Stresses—Vertical Reinforcement—Details and Placement of Reinforcement; Design of Bottoms: Bottom Pressure—Plane Bottoms—Conical Hoppers—Pyramidal Hoppers—Hopper-Supporting Beams—Columns—Roofs—Failures—Dust Explosions in Grain Elevators and Flour Mills; Examples Section 29 Steel Tanks 29-1 Roberts. Wozniak Reservoirs: Capacity—Shell Design—Bottom Plates—Concrete Ringwall—Roofs; Standpipes: Design—Anchorage—Foundations; Elevated Tanks: Roofs—Bottoms— Balcony or Ring Girder—Columns—Single-Pedestal Tanks—Foundations; Accessories: Bins: Forces—Miscellaneous Details; Materials: Commercially Available Computer Programs: New Codes and Guidelines: Recipe for Failure
Contents Section 30 Transmission and Communication Structures xiii 30-1 Alain H. Peyrot and David G. Brinker Height Limitations; Materials: Steel—Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete—Wood— Aluminum; Analysis: Linear Analysis—Nonlinear Analysis; Transmission Structures: Structure Types—Design Philosophy; Loads: Legislated Loads—Additional Climatic Loads—Security Loads—Construction/Maintenance Loads—Galloping and Vibration; Steel Latticed Towers: Tension Members—Compression Members—Bolted Connection—Design Example—Tubular Steel Poles and Frames—Design of Polygonal or Round Cross-Sections—Prestressed Concrete Poles and Frames—Wood Poles and Frames—Testing; Communication Structures: Structure Types—Operational Requirements—Guyed Masts—Design Philosophy—Design Standards—Loads—Wind—Ice—Steel Member Design—Bolted Connections; Guys: Material—Initial Tension—Design—Example; Foundations: Tower Foundations—Moment-Resisting Foundations—Guy Foundations Section 31 Buried Conduits 31-1 Raymond J. Krizek and Richard J. Flnno Types of Conduits—Analysis and Design; Loads on Conduits According to MarstonSpangler: Loads on Trench Conduits—Loads on Projecting Conduits—Loads on Conduits in Wide Trenches—Loads on Negative Projecting and Imperfect-Trench Conduits—Surface Loads; Rigid Conduits According to Marston-Spangler: Supporting Strength— Bedding Classes for Trench Conduits—Bedding Classes for Embankment Installation— Monolithic Conduits; Flexible Conduits According to Spangler: Ring Compression— Deflection—Pipe Arches—Arches on Rigid Foundations; Pressure Conduits: Flexible Pressure Conduits—Rigid Pressure Conduits; Modern Design Methodology: Elasticity Solution—Finite-Element Models—CANDE (Culvert Analysis and Design); Seismic Loads: Strains Induced by Passage of Seismic Waves—Loads Induced by Seismic Waves—Effects of Bends; Additional Design Considerations: Handling Criteria—Dura; bility—Camber—Wrappings and Coatings; Construction Considerations: Site Preparation—Bedding—Fill Construction—Compaction Procedures—Strutting—Joints— Backpacking—Trenchless Conduits—Flowable Fill; Long-Span Corrugated-Metal Conduits: Section 32 Chimneys 32-1 Shu-Jin Fang, Shih-Lung Chu and Max Zar Materials—Diameter and Height; Design Loads: Dead Loads—Wind Loads—Earthquake Forces—Pressure Differentials—Temperature Differentials—Natural Frequency of Vibration; Steel Stacks: Allowable Stresses—Cone-to-Cylinder Junction—Circumferential Stiffeners—Anchor Bolts—Base Ring for Anchor Bolts—Guyed Stacks—Braced Stacks—Resonant Vibrations—ACI Standard—Vibrations Due to Wind; Linings: Foundations: Appendix A-1 Torsional Properties of Solid Cross Sections; Torsional Properties of Closed Thin-Walled Cross Sections; Torsional Properties of Open Cross Sections; Effective-Length Coefficients for Columns; Buckling of Plates under Edge Stress; Stiffened Beam Webs, SI Conversion Factors Index 1-1
Section 1 Structural Analysis Parti. Fundamentals and Applications to Structural Frameworks 1-1 David A. Pecknold Introduction: Classification of Structures; Fundamentals of Analysis: Description of Structural Configuration—Basic Principles— Static Determinacy and Stability—Superpo-
Structural Engineering Graduate Handbook 2019-2020 6 Program Overview Structural engineering is the field of engineering particularly concerned with the design of load-bearing structures. The field crosses engineering disciplines, and structural engineering can be found within civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering.
Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Production Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Textile Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, other related Engineering discipline Energy Resources Engineering (ERE) The students’ academic background should be: Mechanical Power Engineering, Energy .
ETHICAL STANDARDS EXPECTED OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING STUDENT THE VALUE OF INTEGRITY AT UCSD IN THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT The Structural Engineering department faculty, staff, and students together strive to uphold the value
2.1 Structural Health Monitoring Structural health monitoring is at the forefront of structural and materials research. Structural health monitoring systems enable inspectors and engineers to gather material data of structures and structural elements used for analysis. Ultrasonics can be applied to structural monitoring programs to obtain such .
Structural engineering is the field of engineering particularly concerned with the design of load-bearing structures. The field crosses engineering disciplines, and structural engineering can . Barroso, Luciana 979-845-0290 lbarroso@civil.tamu.edu Birely, Anna 979-862-6603 abirely@civil.tamu.edu Bracci, Joe 979-845-3750 bracci@civil.tamu.edu
Structural engineering Structural engineering is concerned with the structural design and structural analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, flyovers (overpasses), tunnels, off shore structures like oil and gas fields in the sea, aerostructure and other structures. This involves identifyin
Civil Engineering 30 Computer Systems Engineering 32 Engineering Science 34 Electrical and Electronic Engineering 36 Mechanical Engineering 38 Mechatronics Engineering 40 Software Engineering 42 Structural Engineering 44 Course descriptions 46 APPENDIX 84 Find out more 88. 2 Dates to remember 06 Jan Summer School begins 12 Jan Last day to add, change or delete Summer School Courses 01 Feb .
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