Remote Sensing: Scope & Research Options - University Of Pretoria
Remote Sensing 1/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Remote sensing: Scope & research options Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing OJ Botai Department of Geography, Geoinformatics & Meteorology University of Pretoria Sept. 6th , 2011
Outline Remote Sensing 2/20 OJ Botai 1 What is remote sensing? What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? 2 Scope of remote sensing 3 Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing 4 The remote sensing process 5 Applications of remote sensing
Objectives of the present talk Remote Sensing 3/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Provide a general description of remote sensinga Applications of remote sensing Cite some examples of applications of remote sensing (see Philemon’s presentation) a What is a satellite? What is satellite remote sensing?
Albert Einstein . I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details . Remote Sensing 4/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Geostationary satellites are able to view earth from abovea : a Acquisition & analysis of information objects or phenomena from a distance.
Why do we care? Remote Sensing 5/20 Remote sensing is interdisciplinary( widely used across many disciplines) .e.g., GIS, Environmental science, Geography, Meteorology, Astronomy, etc OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Source of employment in various fields1 Scope of remote sensing Strengths: synoptic, global, all-weather, all terrain, safe, cheap (after initial investment),non-destructive, change detection Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Weaknesses: calibration/validation needed, initial high cost/risk, high data rates/volumes,indirect Applications of remote sensing 1 Researcher: Earth system science, atmosphere & Astronomer etc Policy formulation & implementation: Government Depts, NGOs, International Organizations: UNDP
Definition of remote sensing Remote Sensing 6/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Measurement or acquisition of information of some property of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is NOT in physical contact with the object or phenomenon under study (Colwell, 1997). Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Polar Earth orbiting satellites
Definition . Remote Sensing 7/20 OJ Botai ASPRSa adopted a combined formal definition of photogrammetry and remote sensing as (Colwell, 1997): What is remote sensing? The art, science, & technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects & the environment, through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting imagery and digital representations of energy patterns derived from noncontact sensor systems Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing a American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
How far does the defination of remote sensing go2 ? Remote Sensing 8/20 Remote sensing utilises sensors onboard sub-orbital (aircraft) or orbital platforms (spacecraft/satellites) to look: OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Inward onto Earth: Surface, Oceans & atmosphere 2 Outward: to the planets, the galaxies & even going back in time: entire universe Cosmos As far as architecture, archaeology, medicine, industrial quality control, robotics & extraterrestrial imaging
EMR as an information carrier · · · Remote Sensing 9/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing A star at the center of the solar system Diameter 700,000 km & Ts 5,527 C Energy is produce by the Thermonuclear reactions The core is simply an inferno i.e., Tc 14,999,727 Ca a Troubleshooting-1: Do you think that an atom could exist at this temperature? Thermonuclear reaction in the sun
As a process, see DIKI: Data Information Knowledge Intelligence Remote Sensing 10/20 OJ Botai 1 energy sources energy through the atmosphere interaction with surface features retransmission sensor systems What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Data acquisition cycle 2 Data analysis: Data information conversion data processing compilation application Notice that EM interacts with physical matter in different ways & in different parts of the spectrum.
Remote sensing data collection cycle Remote Sensing 11/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing A: Energy source/Illumination B: Radiation & Atmosphere C: Radiation interaction with target D: Sensor E: Transmission, Reception & Processing F: Interpretation & Analysis Target object & EMR interacts through a medium: the atmosphere Process is via systems with elements or components
Remote sensing as a Science Remote Sensing 12/20 OJ Botai Science: broad field of human knowledge concerned with facts held together by principles (rules). What is remote sensing? Scientists generally feel that any subject that man can study by using the scientific method3 and other special rules of thinking may be called a science4 Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing 3 an orderly system of solving problems 4 Mathematics & logic Physical sciences (e.g., physics & chemistry) Biological sciences (e.g., botany & zoology) Social sciences (e.g., geography, sociology, & anthropology)
Observe that . Remote Sensing 13/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Remote sensing is a tool or technique similar to mathematics. Scope of remote sensing Using sensors to measure the amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exiting an object or geographic area from a distance and then extracting valuable information from the data using quantitative5 algorithms is a scientific activity. Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing 5 Mathematics & statistics
Interdisciplinary nature of remote sensing Remote Sensing 14/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Interaction model: It functions in harmony with other spatial data-collection techniques or tools of the mapping sciences
Is Remote Sensing an Art? Remote Sensing 15/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Visual image interpretation brings to bear not only scientific knowledge but all of the experience that a person has obtained in a lifetime. The synergism of combining scientific knowledge with real-world analyst experience allows the interpreter to develop heuristic rules of thumb to extract information from the imagery. Thus, remote sensing image interpretation is both an art & a alertscience.
Information flow in remote sensing Remote Sensing 16/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing The EMR reflected, emitted, or back-scattered from an object or geographic area is used as a surrogate for the actual property under investigation. The EM measurements must be acalibrated and turned into information using visual & /or digital image processing techniques. Sensors can be used to obtain specific information about an object (e.g., the diameter of a cottonwood tree crown) or geographic extent of a phenomenon (e.g., the boundary of a cottonwood stand)
Data collection and analysis procedures6 Remote Sensing 17/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing 6 Are often implemented in a systematic fashion referred to as the remote sensing process
Remote Sensing for Earth System Science7 Remote Sensing 18/20 OJ Botai What is remote sensing? Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing see Philemon’s talk 7 Are often implemented in a systematic fashion referred to as the remote sensing process
For Further Reading I Remote Sensing 19/20 OJ Botai Appendix For Further Reading [1] J. R. Jensen, Remote sensin of the environment, An Earth resource perspective, second edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall, N. J., 2007. [2] Lillesand et al., Remote sensing and image interpretation, sixth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. [3] W. G. Rees, Physical principles of remote sensing, second edition, Cambridge University press, 2001. [4] Other-1, Any book sensing book, Library or e-book.
For Further Reading II Remote Sensing 20/20 OJ Botai Appendix For Further Reading [5] Other-2, Any book sensing resources, Online archives.
Scope of remote sensing Remote sensing: science or art? The remote sensing process Applications of remote sensing Information flow in remote sensing The EMRreflected, emitted, or back-scattered from an object or geographic area is used as a surrogatefor the actual property under investigation.
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PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING Shefali Aggarwal Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Division Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun Abstract : Remote sensing is a technique to observe the earth surface or the atmosphere from out of space using satellites (space borne) or from the air using aircrafts (airborne). Remote sensing uses a part or several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It .
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Proximity Sensor Sensing object Reset distance Sensing distance Hysteresis OFF ON Output Proximity Sensor Sensing object Within range Outside of range ON t 1 t 2 OFF Proximity Sensor Sensing object Sensing area Output (Sensing distance) Standard sensing object 1 2 f 1 Non-metal M M 2M t 1 t 2 t 3 Proximity Sensor Output t 1 t 2 Sensing .
Jul 28, 2014 · imagery analysis are forms of remote sensing. Remote sensing, a term which refers to the remote viewing of the surrounding world, including all forms of photography, video and other forms of visualization (Parcak 2012) can be used to view live societies. Satellite remote sensing allows
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