The Catcher In The Rye Unit Plan - Christopher Hermosilla: Teaching .
Christopher Hermosilla The Catcher in the Rye Unit Plan Section I: Unit Plan Overview, Rationale, Goals, & Assessments Section II: Calendar of Events Section III: Materials & Handouts Section IV: Lesson Plans for Week 1 of Unit
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Section I: Unit Plan Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 1. Introduction Unit Title: Alone Together: J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Grade & Subject Area: 11th grade English Length of Unit: 3 weeks Unit Plan Rationale: This unit is built around students discovering and exploring major themes, characteristics, and cultural meanings of J.D. Salinger’s seminal novel The Catcher in the Rye. More than 50 years after its publication, Catcher remains one of the most widely read, assigned, and referenced American novel in high schools across the country, due predominantly to Salinger’s treatment of Holden Caulfield, the book’s complex, jaded young protagonist. The book embodies and openly grapples with many of the same conflicted issues that 11th-grade students of all generations have likely faced themselves: feeling alone and disconnected from others, finding authenticity in a fake, “phony” society, and navigating—or avoiding—the painful transition from adolescence to the world of adulthood. Through the focused study of this dense, multilayered text, students will develop their own critical reading and writing skills while also applying their learning from this canonical classic to their modern lives. Holden’s story is a rich character study, and discussion and comprehension of Catcher requires students to go beyond simple plot retellings into deeper analyses of character actions, thoughts, and motivations. Holden himself is notoriously conflicted and unreliable as a narrator, prone to hypocrisy, dishonesty, mood swings, and other mental inaccuracies, and his ambiguous nature as a storyteller means students need to interpret the novel’s actions and themes through multiple filters of truth and perception. A core tenet of this unit is problematizing Holden, exposing his character flaws along with his virtues, and using Catcher to have students engage in critical discussion of their opinions of a literary character, creating an argument for their beliefs with evidence from the text; the class will wrestle with the good and bad parts of Holden, just as Holden himself does throughout the novel. Exploring the nature of Salinger’s writing style and tone also gives students the opportunity to apply critical reading skills to writing that’s positioned in a more informal, “unacademic” register, a style of written expression typically only encountered outside of the English classroom. In his informal, colloquial musings and ramblings, Holden expresses many universal truths about perceiving, rejecting, and trying to understand the obvious shortcomings in society at large. Throughout this unit, students will read, discuss, and respond to the novel both in traditional, standard written English and in a more casual, informal register of writing.
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 2. Unit Plan Goal: The overarching goal of this unit is for students to gain experience reading, discussing, and interpreting the multiple themes of a novel, both in a group setting and through independent practice. By focusing three weeks of study on a single text, students will learn about literary criticism and analysis by continually practicing it, returning to recurring characters and themes in a growing feedback loop built to demonstrate that reading and analyzing a literary text is an ongoing process that takes place during reading, not just before it and after it. On a more enduring, emotional level, I also want students to walk away from reading Catcher with the knowledge that it’s okay to feel conflicted, confused, and uncertain about the same life questions that Holden faces as he struggles to find his place in a world that he can’t fully understand. Students will ideally recognize at least some element of Holden’s coming of age that appears relevant to their lives, and by comparing their own approach to Holden’s and either agreeing or disagreeing with how he handles himself, they will gain more perspective on their own outlook on life and learn how to voice that outlook to themselves and to others. Throughout the unit, students will examine Holden’s unreliable nature and present a structured argument for whether or not they believe Holden should be held up as a heroic example of a lost, alienated teenager. Students will also explore how reading and dissecting his story helped them learn something about themselves, either for better or for worse. Regardless of their opinion on Holden, however, students will also be able to identify, analyze, and debate the presentation of three major themes within the novel, as follows: Theme: Questioning Authenticity Essential questions: What does it mean to be real, and what does it mean to be “phony”? How do we know what is genuine and what isn’t? If a part of something or someone real is phony, does that make everything about it phony? Theme: Belonging and Isolation Essential questions: What does it mean to “belong” or “fit in” with a group? Do you define who you are because you belong to a group, or do you belong to a group because of who you are? What happens to you when you change groups or become removed from a group? Theme: Growing Up/Coming-of-Age Essential questions: What’s the difference between being a child and being an adult? What kinds of experiences lead a person to grow up? Is growing up more physical, mental, or emotional? What does it mean to be “mature”?
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 3. Learning Objectives: Throughout this unit of study, students will have content-area knowledge of: A theme-related analysis of a literary text The basics of literary theory and how different theoretical approaches influence critical reading Tone Symbolism Perspective The unreliable narrator as a literary device Students will understand: Three major themes of The Catcher in the Rye (questioning authenticity, belonging & isolation, and growing up/coming of age) The controversy surrounding Catcher and its inclusion on high school reading lists The historical and social climate of 1950s New York City The interplay and crossover between literature and film in exploring related themes of study Students will be able to: Read, discuss, and analyze a novel in large- and small-group settings Identify and understand major themes of Catcher and how the novel develops and complicates these themes Recognize and discuss how a writer’s tone, vocabulary, and pacing of writing can influence meaning Self-check for understanding of key vocabulary terms, and seek out definitions of words as neede Compare two different literary/filmic works and analyze how they explore related themes or can be interpreted through related thematic lenses Use one or more themes from Catcher to analyze passages and characters from the text and present well-developed opinions and arguments Compare and relate character motivations and interactions in Catcher to motivations and interactions in their own daily lives Write an ongoing journal of their opinions of and reactions to a literary text Develop and support an opinion in writing, using analysis of evidence from the text to build their case Create a digital multimodal composition illustrating knowledge and understanding of events and themes from a literary text
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 4. Content Standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts: RL.11-12.1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. RL.11-12.2. Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. RL.11-12.3. Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama (e.g., where a story is set, how the action is ordered, how the characters are introduced and developed). RL.11-12.5. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact. RL.11-12.9. Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early-twentiethcentury foundational works of American literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics. W.11-12.1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. W.11-12.4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. W.11-12.6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. W.11-12.9. Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. SL.11-12.1. Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 11–12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. SL.11-12.4. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence, conveying a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning, alternative or opposing perspectives are addressed, and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and a range of formal and informal tasks. L.11-12.1. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. L.11-12.2. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. L.11-12.6. Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 5. Materials: The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is the central literary text of this unit of study, chosen because of its thematic relevance to teenage students, levels of complexity and quality as a work of literature, prominence in the literary canon, and lasting cultural impacts in American history and modern society. The unit uses a thematic structure in teaching students to read, discuss, and interact with a novel, and in this regard Catcher is an exemplary central text to use, due to its layered use of multiple themes. The novel is also widely cited and referenced by many people today, both in an educational context and outside of the classroom, and making students familiar with the novel and its themes will prepare students to engage further in any contexts in which Catcher is used as a frame of reference. Finally, this unit of study guides students in structuring a written opinion of a literary figure and text, and a rich history of very divisive, sometimes controversial opinions on Catcher demonstrates the novel’s power in evoking strong criticism both for and against it. Rebel Without a Cause The 1955 film Rebel Without a Cause, directed by Nicholas Ray, is used as a secondary material in this unit to provide an additional perspective on the themes of Catcher, as well as the historical and social context in which both works were created and originally consumed. Students will become familiar with studying the same themes and central struggles across different forms of media, ultimately developing deeper understanding of both forms of media and their potential strengths and weaknesses as forms of artistic expression.
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 6a. Assessment of students: Reading journal The reading journal is an ongoing, low-stakes writing activity to encourage students to relate one of the broader themes of the novel to their own personal lives and experiences. Full credit will be given for completion of at least five entries (each entry has a minimum length of two paragraphs). The teacher will respond to each entry, and students will have an ongoing, personal dialogue with the teacher across the unit through their journal. The first entry is an in-class freewrite that asks students to write openly about any anxieties and worries about leaving high school once they graduate; from there, students freely choose one of the unit’s three themes to focus on and write four more entries about their personal connections, opinions, and questions about their chosen theme of the text. (See Days 3, 5, 8, 11, & 15) Reading quizzes Three reading quizzes will be administered, one at the end of each of the novel’s three broad sections. Each quiz consists of 10 questions (worth 10 points each) relating to the novel’s plot, characters, events, and motivations, and prompts students to respond with short answers of one or two sentences apiece. The quizzes are meant as small-scale summative assessments to check comprehension of the novel’s plot and events and act as a device to keep students on track with assigned reading. (See Days 6, 11, & 15) “Dictionary in the Rye” vocabulary exploration project This project tasks the class with collaboratively creating a dictionary of terms relevant to understanding Catcher. Sporadically during the unit, students each choose one word from the text that they decided should be added to the group dictionary, either because they didn’t know the definition or felt knowledge of the word is crucial to understanding the novel. The class as a whole decides if the found definition is appropriate, and then each term is added to a corkboard “dictionary” in the classroom. This assignment is a student-centered exploration project meant to help students work together to create their own group “dictionary,” while also building vocabulary knowledge and research skills. (See Days 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12, & 13) Holden’s Blog This digital multimodal composition assignment tasks students with taking on the persona of Holden Caulfield and retelling the events of one chapter of the novel through a modern social media outlet, such as a Facebook account, a Twitter microblog account, or a Flickr photo slideshow. The assignment will be assessed for its creativity, use of multimedia, inclusion of major plot events from the chapter, demonstration of Holden’s perspective and voice, and illustration of Holden’s struggle with two of the novel’s major themes. The assignment is meant as a creative way for students to demonstrate knowledge of Holden’s character and perspective, while also incorporating their own familiarity with modern digital storytelling. Includes scoring rubric. (See Days 10 & 14)
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Exit tickets Periodic exit tickets will be used as formative assessments to gauge student understanding of and reactions to that day’s discussion or activity. By asking students to quickly sound off for comprehension in a quick, low-pressure, ungraded writing exercise, the teacher can evaluate how effective the educational practices employed that day were with the class as a whole, while also developing a sense of individual students’ levels of comprehension and engagement. Summative assessment: Letters to Holden This final, end-of-unit assignment asks students to construct a well-written, organized argument about whether they agree or disagree with the notion that Holden is an admirable, sympathetic figure that properly represents teenagers of today. The 4-5 page written assignment is framed as an informal letter to Holden that combines critical analysis of the novel’s events and motivations with the student’s own personal opinions and beliefs about Holden as a literary character and as a teenager. The assignment will be distributed on the final day of the unit, and a schedule of drafting, peer editing, and revising will be provided for students to engage in writing as a process. (See Day 15)
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments 6b. Assessment of My Own Practice At the end of this unit, my plan for self-reflection and assessing my own practice will begin by taking stock of my students’ major projects and seeing if students seemed engaged in discussing the themes of the novel and relating them to their own lives, even if they disliked Holden as a character or The Catcher in the Rye itself as a literary work. One of the driving principles in my teaching philosophy is highlighting the relevance of English content material to students’ daily lives as an avenue to student motivation, and in that regard, I will first ask myself: Did my students seem to find Catcher relevant or meaningful to their lives? Did they draw connections between what Holden felt and what they felt, regardless of whether they agreed or disagreed? How successful was I in using the novel as a vehicle for having students discuss the lasting themes that I chose to highlight—questioning authenticity, belonging and isolation, and growing up—and did they appear to learn more about themselves as a result of this unit’s course of study? One of my major concerns for the unit is its pacing, and while I’d naturally keep stock in whether or not students are keeping up with the reading homework, I’d also reflect on the threeweek unit and see if there were places where I spent too much or too little time on any given portion or aspect of the novel. Did the three major divisions I created in the novel make thematic and narrative sense, and if not, how else could I divide the novel so as to help structure discussion of the novel? Did I assign too much homework, and did the balance of in-class versus out-of-class reading work with my classes? Would expanding the unit to a longer timeframe benefit classroom discussion, or should I have given students more time to read and/or work on projects in class? I’d also take a look at the major assessments in the unit, and examine which one appeared to be the strongest and most interesting for my students. Were they interested in having an open dialogue with me in their reading journals, and did the low-stakes, ungraded nature of the journals help that at all? Did the digital blog project seem to connect with how they naturally interact with technology outside of the classroom, or did it seem out-of-touch and forced in its presentation, directions, or grading rubric? How did students fare on the reading quizzes, and were any low grades the result of students not reading and/or studying, or the teacher not preparing the class or formatting questions correctly? And was I clear in my directions and overall goal for the final “Letters to Holden” assignment?
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Assessments: Day 15: Summative Assessment: “Letters to Holden” Instructions You have just finished reading and discussing Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, and undoubtedly you have some opinions on Holden Caulfield: Whether you like him as a person, whether you can relate to his stresses and worries, and whether you think he has some valid points about his problems with the world around him—and with himself. Some people consider Holden a conflicted, but sympathetic anti-hero; others think he’s a mopey, antisocial jerk who needs to get over himself. Now, you’ll get the chance to respond to Holden by writing a letter to him. You are speaking directly to Holden: What do you think about him, and what advice do you have for him to better cope with his life? He is a complex, flawed character, but do his flaws outweigh any valid points he has about the world around him? Ultimately, do you like him or not, and why? In a written paper of 4-5 pages, I want you to write a letter to Holden that presents an argument for whether you agree or disagree with the belief that he is an admirable, sympathetic figure that properly represents teenagers today. Either he understands the way the world is with amazing clarity, or he’s dealing with his problems poorly and needs to snap out of it. Combine evidence from the novel with your own personal opinion to build an integrated case for whether or not Holden should be held up as a hero. Choose your own adventure: If you agree that Holden is admirable: If you disagree that Holden is admirable: What is it that you like about him? What shines through in his personality or actions that make him worth putting him with his crummy behavior? What advice do you have for him to stay strong to his beliefs in a world that he can’t seem to understand? What should Holden do differently? If he seems to be sabotaging himself, what would you tell him to help him adjust to the adult world? Don’t just tell him to “grow up”— explain what that means, and how he might do things differently. Develop your argument with at least 3 specific events that happened from the novel, Holden’s reactions, and how his reactions are justified, make sense, and redeem any negative aspects of his personality. Develop your argument with at least 3 specific events that happened from the novel, Holden’s reactions, and how his reactions are unhealthy, abnormal, and self-defeating. “Letters to Holden” Schedule: Day 15 (Friday): Final assignment handed out. Day 20 (Friday): Rough draft of your Letter to Holden due, for in-class peer review. Day 21 (Monday): Final draft of your Letter to Holden due.
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Reading Journal Instructions: Throughout our unit on Catcher, one of your class participation tasks will be to keep a journal while we read the novel together. This is your space to talk about how what Holden is going through does (or doesn’t) remind you of your own life. I’m not grading these for grammar or spelling—as long as you complete all of the entries (each entry must be at least two paragraphs long), you’ll get full credit for this assignment. For your journal, I’d like you to pick mainly one of our three main themes to write about. Based on your freewrite and our class discussion, which one of these seems the most interesting to you? Check one: Questioning Authenticity Theme: What does it mean to be real, and what does it mean to be “phony”? How do we know what is genuine and what isn’t? If a part of something or someone real is phony, does that make everything about it phony? Belonging and Isolation Theme: What does it mean to “belong” or “fit in” with a group? Do you define who you are because you belong to a group, or do you belong to a group because of who you are? What happens when you change groups or become removed from a group? Growing Up/Coming-of-Age Theme: What’s the difference between being a child and being an adult? What kinds of experiences lead a person to grow up? Is growing up more physical, mental, or emotional? What does it mean to be “mature”? I’d recommend starting each entry with either a quote or some kind of event that happened from one of the related chapters, but from there, I want to hear from you about what you think, feel, or know about your chosen theme. Be honest! I will be the only one reading and responding to your journals, and my hope is that I am able to learn more about what you know (or are in the process of learning) about these themes. During our unit on Catcher, you will make five journal entries, one at a time; you’ll write an entry and hand in your journal, and then I’ll write a response and hand it back to you. Reading Journal Schedule: Entry 1 (Day 1): Introductory freewrite on a theme (hey, you’ve already done this one!) Entry 2 (Due Day 5): Chapters 1-7 Entry 3 (Due Day 8): Chapters 8-14 Entry 4 (Due Day 11): Chapters 15-19 Entry 5 (Due Day 15): Chapters 20-26
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Day 6: Reading Quiz: Directions: Answer each question in the space provided below. If a question has two parts, be sure to answer both parts to receive full credit (partial credit is available). Part 1: Pencey Prep 1. What does Holden Caulfield most often criticize people for? (He’s got a certain word for it.) 2. Why is this specific criticism that Holden uses against other people ironic? 3. On the day Holden begins telling his story, why did he end up returning to school early from his event in New York City? 4. What piece of clothing did Holden purchase while he was in New York? 5. Why is Holden being kicked out of school? 6. What teacher does he talk to before he leaves? 7. What advice does this teacher give Holden about life? What does Holden think of that advice? 8. What specific game does Holden remember playing with Jane Gallagher? What tactic did Jane always resort to while playing? 9. Why was Holden nervous that Stradlater was going on a date with Jane? 10. Who is Allie? What possession of his did Holden write a descriptive essay about?
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Day 11: Reading Quiz: Directions: Answer each question in the space provided below. If a question has two parts, be sure to answer both parts to receive full credit (partial credit is available). Part 2: Bright Lights, Big City 1. Who is the first person Holden calls when he gets to New York City? What is this person’s occupation? 2. What is the name of Holden’s sister? 3. What’s wrong with the people who are staying in Holden’s hotel? 4. What are the three girls who Holden meets in the hotel lobby bar obsessed with looking for? 5. After leaving the bar and sitting in the lobby, who does Holden start thinking about? What event in particular does he think of? 6. What question does Holden end up asking several NYC cab drivers? 7. What does Holden think of Ernie’s piano playing? Why doesn’t he end up having a good time at his club? 8. Who are Sunny and Maurice? Why do Maurice and Holden end up fighting? 9. Why does Holden have such fond memories of the Museum of Natural History? What’s the “best thing” about visiting the museum? 10. What does Holden ask Sally Hayes to do at the end of their date?
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Day 15: Reading Quiz: Directions: Answer each question in the space provided below. If a question has two parts, be sure to answer both parts to receive full credit (partial credit is available). Part 3: If a Body Catch a Body 1. What does Holden think about the movies? 2. What happens to Holden in Central Park after leaving the Wicker Bar? 3. Why did James Castle from the Elkton Hills school commit suicide? 4. What is the “the Catcher in the Rye”? Why does Holden want to be that person? 5. What piece of advice does Mr. Antolini write down and give to Holden? (You can put this in your own words.) 6. What is Mr. Antolini talking about when he speaks of “a beautiful reciprocal arrangement?” 7. Why does Holden leave Mr. Antolini’s apartment early? 8. When Holden imagines living in a cabin near the woods, what rule does he have for his visitors? 9. How does Holden recognize Phoebe from a far distance while waiting for her at her school? 10. While watching Phoebe, what does Holden think to himself about kids riding on the carousel?
Section I: Overview, Rationale, Goals, and Assessments Day 10: Holden’s Blog Instructions: Holden’s Blog (Due date: Thursday, Day 14) The way Holden tells his story throughout The Catcher in the Rye is very much like a journal; he recounts the events that happened to him, and he’s also not shy about giving you his personal opinion of the way things are. But 1951 was a long, long time ago—how would 17-year-old Holden, with the modern voice of a 2011 teenager, tell his story today? Directions: Your assignment is to use an online social media outlet of your choosing to creatively reimagine how Holden might recount the events of one chapter of The Catcher in the Rye. You can choose from one of the following chapters: Chapter 4: Holden talks with Stradlater, agrees to write his essay, and reminisces about Jane Gallagher. Chapter 7: Holden talks with Ackley, thinks about Jane and Stradlater, and decides to leave Pencey Prep. Chapter 10: Holden thinks about Phoebe, explores the hotel lobby bar, and dances with a few girls. Chapter 16: Holden buys a record, goes walking on Broadway, and reminisces about the museum. Chapter 17: Holden goes on a date with Sally, has a miserable time at the theater, and completely blows up at the ice skating rink I’m asking you to step into Holden’s shoes, so be as creative—and honest—as possible in how you, as Holden, would share your story with someone that you trust. You can choose from one of four broad categories of social media: Traditional Blog (e.g., Wordpress, Tumblr): Write one long post or a series of shorter posts (at least 700 words in total) in Holden’s modern, slangy voice, but be sure to include at least 2 photos and 5 links, fitting background and header images, other page categories (these can be blank), and anything else you’d want your blog to have. Visual design is key; feel free to use and adapt templates, but choose them based on what Holden would want. Wall
Unit Title: Alone Together: J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye Grade & Subject Area: 11th grade English Length of Unit: 3 weeks Unit Plan Rationale: This unit is built around students discovering and exploring major themes, characteristics, and cultural meanings of J.D. Salinger's seminal novel The Catcher in the Rye. More than 50
6 P r e s t w i c k Ho u s e, in c. Multiple Critical Perspectives The Catcher in the Rye General Introduction to the Work Introduction to The Catcher in the Rye S ince The Ca T C h e r in T he rye was published in 1951, the book has received mixed reviews. While sev-eral critics commend Salinger's thorough development of the narrator, the realistic use of vernacular
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squares‖(8). To illustrate, The Catcher in the Rye is one of the most frequently banned books. It was banned for being anti-white, excess vulgar language, sexual scenes, immoral issues, excessive violence and so on. Quite shockingly, murderers loved The Catcher in the Rye. Mark Chapman, the man who assassinated John Lennon, was reading
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