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Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Software Defined Radio
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Wiley Series in Software Radio Series Editor: Dr Walter Tuttlebee, Mobile VCE, UK The Wiley Series in Software Radio aims to present an up-to-date and in-depth picture of the technologies, potential implementations and applications of software radio. Books in the series will reflect the strong and growing interest in this subject. The series is intended to appeal to a global industrial audience within the mobile and personal telecommunications industry, related industries such as broadcasting, satellite communications and wired telecommunications, researchers in academia and industry, and senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science and electronic engineering. Mitola: Software Radio Architecture: Object-Oriented Approaches to Wireless Systems Engineering, 0471384925, 568 Pages, October 2000 Mitola and Zvonar (Editors): Software Radio Technologies: Selected Readings: 0780360222, 496 Pages, May 2001 Tuttlebee: Software Defined Radio: Origins, Drivers and International Perspectives, 0470844647, 55, 350 pages Tuttlebee: Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies, 0470843187, 55,304 pages
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Software Defined Radio Enabling Technologies Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Virtual Centre of Excellence in Mobile & Personal Communications (Mobile VCE) JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, England Telephone ( 44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to ( 44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) This title is also available in print at 0-470-84318-7 (Paper) Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Deerpark Publishing Services Ltd
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Contents List of Contributors xiii Foreword - by Dr Joseph Mitola III xvii Abbreviations xix Biographies xxvii Introduction xxxv Part I: Perspective 1 1 Software Based Radio Stephen Blust – Cingular Wireless 3 1.1 1.2 A Multi-Dimensional Model Sets the Stage What is Software Based Radio 1.2.1 Software Defined Radio and Software Radio 1.2.2 Adaptive Intelligent Software Radio and Other Definitions 1.2.3 Functionality, Capability and SBR Evolution 1.3 Architectural Perspectives for a Software Based Radio 1.3.1 The Radio Implementer plane 1.3.2 The Network Operator plane 1.4 Software Radio Concepts 1.5 Adoption Timeframes for Software Based Radio 1.6 Realization of Software Based Radio Requires New Technology 1.7 Power/Performance/Price Limitations of Handsets Dictates Inflexible Networks 1.8 Regulatory Concepts Facilitate SBR Introduction 1.9 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 3 5 5 8 10 11 11 12 13 15 17 17 18 20 21 21 Part II: Front End Technology 23 2 Radio Frequency Translation for Software Defined Radio Mark Beach, Paul Warr & John MacLeod - University of Bristol 25 2.1 26 26 Requirements and Specifications 2.1.1 Transmitter Specifications
vi Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies 2.1.2 Receiver Specifications 2.1.3 Operating Frequency Bands 2.2 Receiver Design Considerations 2.2.1 Basic Considerations 2.2.2 Receiver Architectures 2.2.3 Dynamic Range Issues and Calculation 2.2.4 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) and Noise Power Ratio (NPR) 2.2.5 Receiver Signal Budget 2.2.6 Image Rejection 2.2.7 Filter Functions within the Receiver 2.3 Transmitter Design Considerations 2.3.1 Filtering Analogies between Receiver and Transmitter 2.3.2 Transmitter Architectures 2.3.3 Transmitter Efficiency and Linearity 2.4 Candidate Architectures for SDR 2.4.1 Zero IF Receivers 2.4.2 Quadrature Local Oscillator 2.4.3 Variable Preselect Filters 2.4.4 Low IF Receivers 2.5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Appendix 27 27 30 30 32 35 41 42 45 47 47 47 48 50 56 56 59 61 66 70 71 71 73 3 Radio Frequency Front End Implementations for Multimode SDRs Mark Cummings - enVia 79 3.1 3.2 3.3 80 83 85 86 88 93 93 96 96 97 98 98 98 Evolution of Radio Systems Evolution of RF Front Ends – Superheterodyne Architecture The AN2/6 Product Family – Dual Band, Six Mode 3.3.1 The AN2/6 Architecture 3.3.2 Lessons Learned From the AN2/6 3.4 Alternative RF Front End Architectures 3.4.1 Direct Conversion RF Front Ends 3.4.2 Pure Digital RF Front Ends 3.4.3 Analog Digital Combination Solutions 3.4.4 Directions for a Completely Successful SDR RF Front End 3.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 4 Data Conversion in Software Defined Radios 99 Brad Brannon, Chris Cloninger, Dimitrios Efstathiou, Paul Hendriks, Zoran Zvonar – Analog Devices 4.1 4.2 The Importance of Data Converters in Software Defined Radios 4.1.1 ADCs for SDR Base Stations 4.1.2 ADCs for SDR Handsets 4.1.3 DACs for SDR Applications Converter Architectures 4.2.1 Flash Converters 4.2.2 Multistage Converters 4.2.3 Sigma-Delta Converters 4.2.4 Digital-to-Analog Converters 99 100 101 101 102 102 104 105 107
Contents vii 4.3 Converter Performance Impact on SDR 4.3.1 Noise Sources – Impact on SDR Sensitivity 4.3.2 SNR of Data Converter 4.3.3 Spurious Impact on Performance 4.3.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter Specification 4.4 Conclusions and Future Trends References 109 109 112 114 121 123 125 5 Superconductor Microelectronics: A Digital RF Technology for Software Radios Darren K. Brock – HYPRES, Inc. 127 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Superconductivity and the Josephson Effect 5.1.2 Established Applications of Superconductors 5.1.3 Emerging Applications - Software Defined Radio 5.2 Rapid Single Flux Quantum Digital Logic 5.2.1 Circuit Characteristics 5.2.2 Example RSFQ Logic Gate - RS Flip Flop 5.2.3 RSFQ Data Converters 5.2.4 RSFQ Scaling theory 5.3 Cryogenic Aspects 5.4 Superconductor SDR for Commercial Applications 5.4.1 Superconductors in Wireless Communications 5.4.2 Advantages of Superconductor Receivers 5.4.3 Trends in Spread Spectrum Communications 5.4.4 High Power Amplifier Linearization 5.4.5 Digital RF Transceiver 5.5 Superconductor SDR for Military Applications 5.5.1 Co-Site Interference 5.5.2 Digitally Dehopping Spread Spectrum Signals 5.5.3 Satellite Communications 5.5.4 Accommodating New Waveforms 5.5.5 Massive Time Multiplexing 5.6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 127 128 130 131 132 132 134 135 138 139 140 140 141 143 145 145 146 146 147 148 148 149 149 149 150 6 The Digital Front End: Bridge Between RF and Baseband Processing Gerhard Fettweis & Tim Hentschel – Technische Universität Dresden 151 6.1 151 151 153 155 155 155 157 158 158 158 161 163 165 165 6.2 6.3 Introduction 6.1.1 The Front End of a Digital Transceiver 6.1.2 Signal Characteristics 6.1.3 Implementation Issues The Digital Front End 6.2.1 Functionalities of the Digital Front End 6.2.2 The Digital Front End in Mobile Terminals and Base Stations Digital Up- and Down-Conversion 6.3.1 Initial Thoughts 6.3.2 Theoretical Aspects 6.3.3 Implementation Aspects 6.3.4 The CORDIC Algorithm 6.3.5 Digital Down-Conversion with the CORDIC Algorithm 6.3.6 Digital Down-Conversion by Subsampling
viii Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies 6.4 Channel Filtering 6.4.1 Low-Pass Filtering after Digital Down-Conversion 6.4.2 Band-Pass Filtering before Digital Down-Conversion 6.4.3 Filterbank Channelizers 6.5 Sample Rate Conversion 6.5.1 Resampling after Reconstruction 6.5.2 Rational Factor SRC 6.5.3 Integer Factor SRC 6.5.4 Concepts for SRC 6.5.5 Systems for SRC 6.6 Example 6.6.1 Design Parameters 6.6.2 Digital Down-Conversion 6.6.3 Sample Rate Conversion 6.6.4 Channel Filtering 6.6.5 Summary 6.7 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 167 167 172 175 181 181 184 185 185 187 192 192 193 193 194 196 196 197 197 Part III: Baseband Technology 199 7 Baseband Processing for SDR David Lund - HW Communications Ltd & Bahram Honary - Lancaster University 201 7.1 7.2 7.3 The Role of Baseband Architectures Software Radio – From Silicon to Software Baseband Component Technologies 7.3.1 Digital Signal Processors 7.3.2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays 7.3.3 Recent Digital Developments 7.3.4 Reconfigurable Analog Components 7.3.5 Component Technology Evolution 7.4 Design Tools and Methodologies 7.4.1 Design Tool Concepts – an Analogy 7.4.2 ASIC Design 7.4.3 FPGA Design 7.4.4 Future Design Flows and Tools 7.5 System Design and Maintenance 7.5.1 Object Orientation 7.5.2 Distributed Resource Management in SDR Processors 7.6 Conclusions References and Further Reading 201 202 206 208 210 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 223 223 224 230 231 8 Parametrization – a Technique for SDR Implementation Friedrich Jondral - University of Karlsruhe 233 8.1 8.2 8.3 234 235 236 236 238 240 Definitions Adaptability Parametrization of Standards 8.3.1 Second Generation – Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 8.3.2 Second Generation - IS-136 (DAMPS) 8.3.3 Third Generation – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
Contents ix 8.4 Parametrization Example 8.4.1 A General Modulator 8.4.2 Effects of GMSK Linearization 8.5 Signal Processing Issues 8.5.1 DSP Capabilities and Limitations 8.5.2 FPGA Capabilities 8.6 Conclusions References 246 247 251 254 254 255 255 256 9 Adaptive Computing IC Technology for 3G Software-Defined Mobile Devices Paul Master & Bob Plunkett – QuickSilver Technology 257 9.1 Software Defined Radio – A Solution for Mobile Devices 9.1.1 Evolution of Wireless Standards 9.1.2 Market Forces Driving SDR for Wireless Devices 9.2 The Mobile Application Space and the Need for Processing Power 9.2.1 Processing Needs of the 3G Air Interface 9.2.2 Processing Needs of Mobile Vocoders 9.2.3 Processing Needs of Mobile Video 9.3 SDR Baseband Processing – The Implementation Dilemma 9.3.1 Limitations of Conventional IC Technologies 9.3.2 Resolving the Dilemma 9.4 Trade-Offs of Conventional IC Technologies 9.4.1 Limitations of Microprocessor and DSP Implementations 9.4.2 Limitations of ASIC Implementations 9.4.3 Limitations of FPGA Implementations 9.5 Hardware with Software Programmability 9.5.1 Adaptive Computing Technology 9.5.2 The ACM Implementation 9.5.3 Design Tools for Adaptive Computing 9.6 The Computational Power Efficiency Required by 3G Algorithms 9.7 Example Case Studies and Benchmarks 9.7.1 CDMA Rake Receiver 9.7.2 FIR and IIR Filtering 9.7.3 Vocoder 9.7.4 Multimedia – MPEG-4 Implementation 9.8 Conclusions 9.9 Looking to 4G and Beyond References 257 258 260 261 261 262 263 265 266 267 267 268 270 271 271 272 273 275 277 278 278 279 280 284 286 287 288 Part IV: Software Technology 289 10 Software Engineering for Software Radios: Experiences at MIT and Vanu, Inc. John Chapin – Vanu, Inc. 291 10.1 Overview of Vanu Systems 10.1.1 Representative Implementations 10.1.2 Difference from Other Software Radios 10.2 The Importance of Software in Software Radio 10.3 Software Portability 10.3.1 The Effects of Moore’s Law 10.3.2 Exploiting Moore’s Law 10.3.3 Generic Data Path 10.3.4 Temporal Decoupling 292 293 294 295 295 296 297 297 298
x Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies 10.4 Commodity PC Hardware 10.5 Signal Processing Software 10.5.1 Data Pull 10.5.2 Signal Processing Stages as Objects 10.5.3 Stream Abstraction 10.5.4 Out of Band Communication 10.6 Control Software 10.6.1 Code Generation 10.6.2 Radio Description Language 10.7 Performance 10.8 Future Directions Acknowledgements References 300 300 300 301 302 303 303 303 304 307 308 309 309 11 Software Download for Mobile Terminals Paul Bucknell & Steve Pitchers - Philips Research Laboratories 311 11.1 Why Software Download? 11.1.1 Software Reconfiguration 11.1.2 Software Downloading Terminals 11.1.3 Downloading New Air Interfaces 11.2 Downloading Technologies for SDR 11.2.1 Granularity 11.2.2 Component Communication and Binding 11.2.3 Content Function 11.2.4 Installation 11.2.5 Terminal Wide Aspects 11.2.6 Version Management 11.3 Standards for Downloading 11.3.1 Mobile Standards - 2G/3G Cellular 11.3.2 Software Standards 11.4 Seamless Upgrading ‘On the Fly’ 11.5 Security of Download 11.5.1 Secure Downloading of Applications 11.5.2 Secure Downloading of Native Software 11.6 Software Architectures for Download 11.7 Software Download Today - Digital TV 11.8 ‘Over the Air’, ‘On the Fly’ Reconfiguration: A Practical Example 11.8.1 Architecture 11.8.2 Basic Operation 11.8.3 Example Reconfigurations 11.8.4 Reconfiguration Manager 11.8.5 Reconfiguration Procedure 11.9 Future Applications of SDR Downloading Acknowledgements References 312 312 312 314 314 315 316 316 317 317 317 317 318 318 320 321 321 322 323 325 326 327 328 328 330 334 336 337 337 12 Protocols and Network Aspects of SDR Klaus Moessner – Surrey University & Mobile VCE 339 12.1 Protocol Stacks: SAPs vs Reconfigurability 12.1.1 Service Provision via Service Access Points 12.1.2 Protocol Configuration and Reconfiguration 12.1.3 Interfaces vs SAPs 339 340 341 342
Contents xi 12.2 Approaches to Protocol Stack Reconfiguration 12.2.1 Protocols and Protocol Stacks 12.2.2 Modular Approaches: Adaptive, Composable & Reconfigurable Protocols 12.2.3 Active Networks 12.3 Reconfiguration Management And Control 12.3.1 The Scope of Reconfiguration Management 12.3.2 Requirements of a Management Architecture 12.3.3 Management Architecture Implications 12.4 Network Support for Software Radios 12.4.1 The Network Access and Connectivity Channel 12.4.2 The Bootstrap Channel 12.4.3 A Global or Universal Control Channel 12.4.4 The Interconnected Seamless Network 12.5 Conclusions References 343 343 344 349 351 352 354 357 358 358 359 359 360 363 363 13 The Waveform Description Language Edward Willink – Thales Research 365 13.1 The Specification Problem 13.2 WDL Overview 13.2.1 Decomposition 13.2.2 Communication 13.2.3 Influences 13.2.4 Hierarchical Diagrams 13.3 FM3TR Example 13.3.1 Protocol Layers 13.3.2 Physical Layer Modules 13.3.3 Physical Layer Finite State Machine 13.3.4 Voice and Data Finite State Machines 13.3.5 Hop Modulator 13.3.6 Hop Waveform 13.3.7 Rise Modulator 13.3.8 Summary 13.4 Refinement to an Implementation 13.4.1 Traditional Development Process 13.4.2 Refinement Process 13.4.3 Automation 13.4.4 The Reference Model 13.4.5 Target Environments 13.5 WDL Details 13.5.1 Type Abstractions 13.5.2 Scheduling Abstractions 13.5.3 Unified Scheduling Model 13.5.4 Leaf Specifications 13.6 A Practical WDL Support Environment 13.7 Conclusions Acknowledgements References 366 367 367 367 369 371 374 374 375 376 377 378 378 379 381 381 382 382 385 386 387 388 388 389 391 393 394 396 397 397 Index 399
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) List of Contributors Mark Beach University of Bristol UK M.A.Beach@bristol.ac.uk Stephen Blust Cingular Wireless USA stephen.blust@cingular.com Brad Brannon Analog Devices USA brad.brannon@analog.com Darren K. Brock HYPRES, Inc USA brock@hypres.com Paul Bucknell Philips Research Laboratories UK paul.bucknell@philips.com John Chapin Vanu, Inc USA jchapin@vanu.com Chris Cloninger Analog Devices USA chris.cloninger@analog.com
xiv Mark Cummings enVia USA markcummings@envia.com Dimitrios Efstathiou Analog Devices USA dimitrios.efstathiou@analog.com Gerhard Fettweis Technische Universität Dresden, Germany fettweis@ifn.et.tu-dresden.de Paul Hendriks Analog Devices USA paul.hendriks@analog.com Tim Hentschel Technische Universität Dresden, Germany hentsch@ifn.et.tu-dresden.de Bahram Honary Lancaster University UK b.honary@lancaster.ac.uk Friedrich Jondral University of Karlsruhe Germany jondral@int.uni-karlsruhe.de David Lund HW Communications Ltd UK dlund@hwcomms.com Paul Master QuickSilver Technology USA paul.master@qstech.com Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies
List of Contributors John MacLeod University of Bristol UK John.MacLeod@bristol.ac.uk Joseph Mitola III Consulting Scientist USA jmitola@compuserve.com Klaus Moessner University of Surrey & Mobile VCE UK k.moessner@eim.surrey.ac.uk Steve Pitchers Philips Research Laboratories UK steve.pitchers@philips.com Bob Plunkett QuickSilver Technology USA bob.plunkett@qstech.com Paul Warr University of Bristol UK Paul.A.Warr@bristol.ac.uk Ed Willink Thales UK Ed.Willink@uk.thalesgroup.com Zoran Zvonar Analog Devices USA zoran.zvonar@analog.com xv
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Foreword Walter has done it again. Hopefully, by now you already have a copy of Walter’s 2001 text, Software Defined Radio: Origins, Drivers, and International Perspectives. What a great foundation for the serious practitioner! His latest compilation, though, is a true tour de force for those developing SDR products and systems. Somehow he coaxed the top two dozen busiest and brightest contributors to practical software radio implementations to create the chapters of this current book. Who could write a better chapter on architecture than Stephen Blust, plank-holder of the SDR Forum and author of what we might call the SDR Magna Carta, the Software-Defined Radio RFI from BellSouth. Stephen’s chapter lays out wireless architecture from the network operator’s viewpoint, setting radio technology in the context of network operations. No doubt inspired by Walter’s leadership, Stephen throws down the gauntlet for the other authors. Subsequent chapters flesh out the details and identify alternative implementations supportive of Stephen’s architecture and technology needs. Mark Beach, Paul Warr & John MacLeod begin the process of filling in Stephen’s technology needs at the front end of the radio. Radio Frequency Translation For Software Defined Radio lays the appropriate foundation for subsequent implementation chapters, in a treatment colleagues at the University Of Bristol and around the world can be proud of. Mark Cummings, CEO of enVia, continues the treatment of the SDR front end. He focuses on the AN 2/6 architecture and points us in important directions for emerging analog/ digital combination front ends. Mark has a habit of inventing companies. Might RFco, one of his latest, have a hand in bringing some of Mark’s suggestions to engineering practice? Only time will tell. David Brock of HYPRES extends the front end technology with his chapter on superconducting RF technology. The HYPRES digital RF technology embraces cryogenic filters, the ubiquitous ADC, and significantly the linearization of the transmitter. Their breakthrough in rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) technology overcomes the chronic limitations of earlier Josephson Junction approaches and may be the sleeper technology for 4G infrastructure. This chapter bears close reading indeed. The more conventional ADCs are addressed in detail by my colleague Zoran Zvonar. Zoran really deserves most of the credit for the recent success of our joint series Software and DSP in Radio of the IEEE Communications Magazine. Conventional by comparison with HYPRES’ supercooled quantum devices, room temperature ADCs are no less technology benchmarks. Few in the industry are better qualified to identify the lessons learned with commercial ADCs and to identify the important trends than Zoran.
xviii Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies Gerhard Fettweis is a legend, of course. If I had to form a team to create almost anything in SDR, Gerhard would be on the top of my recruiting list. He and Tim Hentschel share important insights in the use of CORDIC and novel sample-rate conversion approaches that have not been this well treated in the literature outside of Europe. This treatment also bridges the logical flow from RF and ADCs to baseband technologies. David Lund of HW Communications Ltd, and Bahram Honary of Lancaster University, introduce baseband processing for SDR with a treatment of implementation alternatives that includes software tools. Friedrich Jondral of Karlsruhe University was my doctoral opponent two years ago. This was a great experience for me. But he’s tough. He makes you work. His chapter on parameterization of mobile standards for SDR shows this. It has its roots in the very strong SDR research program at Karlsruhe that he directs. I also recommend his monograph on Software Radio for those of you who speak German. The parameterization of standards is a powerful approach to modularizing software, enhancing its maintainability while promoting effective software use. Paul Master and Bob Plunkett begin to address some of the issues Jondral identifies in their chapter on adaptive IC technology. Their approach to Adaptive Computing Technology seems particularly suited to 3G applications, including multimedia. Software topics are my personal favorite. The final four chapters address the leading software implementation issues. The first key question is how to encapsulate and modularize SDR software. Software radio software may be based on conventional object-oriented analysis, a radio description language (RDL), or a waveform definition language (WDL). John Chapin, Chief Technical Officer of Vanu, Inc makes the case for their radio description language. Ed Willink describes the waveform definition language alternative. I would not bet against either Vanu or Ed. Both chapters warrant careful consideration and each yields unique insights. Vanu’s team of world-class ‘hackers’ in Cambridge, Mass in the US can demonstrate a lot of working code for a dozen or so wireless standards. Their chapter is based on this strong track record. Ed’s WDL approach looks a bit further into the future. But WDL’s strong open-architecture with high granularity as well as simulation compatibility seems to give the acquisition community strong control over implementation details that might be hidden in proprietary libraries in some RDL style implementations. Both offer insights for SDR software development teams. What good is SDR software if you can’t download it? Paul Bucknell and Steve Pitchers of Philips Research Laboratories present the latest thinking about software download. First, they identify the key download issues: granularity, component connectivity and binding, functionality, installation, integration, and version management. They pay appropriately careful attention to security, complete with contemporary examples. Klaus Moessner, a colleague of Walter’s at Mobile VCE, goes beyond download to emphasize protocol stack reconfiguration, with reconfiguration management and network support issues, including the bootstrap channel in a variety of alternative implementations. What more can one say? The value of the text is greater than the mere sum of the parts. The chapters build on each other and the flow that Walter has laid out makes the chapters mutual support more of a multiplicative than additive effect. Great job, Walter! Dr. Joseph Mitola III Consulting Scientist
Software Defined Radio Edited by Walter Tuttlebee Copyright q 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84318-7 (Hardback); 0-470-84600-3 (Electronic) Abbreviations P D 2G 2.5G 3G 3GPP 802.11 A/D AcA ACF ACM ACP ACPR ADC ADSL AFE AGC AIS AI-SR ALU AM AMPS AMR AN 2/6 APCO 25 API ARPA ASIC ATM BCCH BCH Sigma-Delta (type of ADC) Second Generation Mobile Communications (Digital Cellular – eg GSM, PDC, IS-95, TDMA) Enhanced Second Generation Mobile Communications, for packet and high speed data (eg GPRS, HSCSD, EDGE) Third Generation Mobile Communications – a family of standards developed under the umbrella of IMT-2000 rd 3 Generation Partnership Project Wireless LAN standard (see www.wifiweb.org) Analog to Digital (Converter) Server type used for reconfiguration validation: Authentication/Authorisation/ Encryption – Virtual configuration – Accounting/Billing Auto Correlation Function Adaptive Computing Machine Adjacent Channel Power Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Analog to Digital Converter Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line Analog Front End Automatic Gain Control Air Interface Standard Adaptive Intelligent Software Radio Arithmetic Logic Unit Amplitude Modulation Advanced Mobile Phone Service, US first generation mobile phone standard Adaptive Multi-Rate North American 2-band 6-mode radio design North American Digital Law Enforcement Standard Application Programming Interface (US) Advanced Research Projects Agency (previously DARPA) Application Specific Integrated Circuit Asynchronous Transfer Mode Broadcast Control Channel Broadcast Channel
xx BER BiCMOS Bluetooth BOPS BPSK BRAM BW C/I CAB CAM CAST CCF CCM CCR CCTrCH CDMA cdma200 CIC CLB CM COM COP CORBA CORDIC COTS CPE CPU CR CRC CSI D/A DAB DaCaPo DAMA DAMPS DARPA dBFS DCOM DECT DF DFC DFE DFT DNL DPCCH DPCH Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies Bit Error Rate Bipolar CMOS semiconductor technology Shortrange wireless standard (see www.bluetoothweb.org) Billion operations per second Binary Phase Shift Keying Block RAM Bandwidth Carrier to Interference Ratio Configurable Analogue Blocks Content Addressable Memory EU supported collaborative SDR-related research programme Cross Correlation Function Connection Control and Management Closed-Cycle Refrigerator, or cryocooler Coded Composite Transport Channel Code Division Multiple Access North American 3G Standard Cascaded Integrator-Comb (type of digital filter) Configurable Logic Block Connection Management Component Object Module Coefficient of Performance (of a cryocooler) Common Object Request Broker Architecture, software architecture COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (DSP algorithm) Commercial Off The Shelf technology Computational Power Efficiency Central Processing Unit Cognitive Radio Cyclic Redundancy Check, error control mechanism Cosite Interference Digital to Analog (Converter) Digital Audio Broadcasting One implementation of runtime protocol configuration Demand Assigned Multiple Access Digital AMPS, US second generation mobile phone standard (US) Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (now ARPA) dB Full Scale Distributed Component Object Module Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (see www.dectweb.com) Data Flow Digital to Frequency Converter Digital Front End Discrete Fourier Transform Differential Non-linearity (of an ADC) Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Channel
Abbreviations DPDCH DQPSK DR DRC DRM DS DSP DTX DVB DVB-S DVB-T E911 ECL ECU EDA EDGE EFR EMC ENOB ESP Esterel EVRC EW FBI FCC FDD FDMA FE FFS FFT FIR FM FM3TR FPAA FPGA FSM GaAs GEOS GMSK GPRS GPS GSM HAPS HDL HDTV Hiperlan xxi Dedicated Physical Data Channel Differential QPSK Digital Radio Design Rules Checking Digital Radio Mondiale, emerging digital shortwave standard Direct Sequence Digital Signal Processor Discontinuous Transmission Digital Video Broadcasting Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial Emergency Call Service (US) Emitter Coupled Logic Embedded Computation Unit Engineering Design Automation Enhanced Data over GSM Evolution, GSM 2.5 G enhancement Enhanced Full Rate (GSM Voice Codec) Electromagnetic Compatibility Effective Number of Bits (of an ADC) Embedded Standard Product A synchronous language, antecedent of WDL Enhanced Variable Bit Rate Code (voice coder) Electronic Warfare Feed Back Information (US) Federal Communications Commission Frequency Division Duplex Frequency Division Multiple Access Front End (of a radio) Fixed Function Silicon Fast Fourier Transform Finite length Impulse Response (type of digital filter) Frequency Modulation Future Multi-band Multi-waveform Modular Tactical Radio, NATO SDR programme Field Programmable Analogue Arrays Field Programmable Gate Array Finite State Machine Gallium Arsenide semiconductor technology Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
1.2 What is Software Based Radio 5 1.2.1 Software Defined Radio and Software Radio 5 1.2.2 Adaptive Intelligent Software Radio and Other Definitions 8 1.2.3 Functionality, Capability and SBR Evolution 10 1.3 Architectural Perspectives for a Software Based Radio 11 1.3.1 The Radio Implementer plane 11 1.3.2 The Network Operator plane 12 1.4 .
B. Software Defined Radio (SDR) Software Defined Radio (SDR) is defined as a radio platform that uses various software techniques on digitized radiosignals [2]. Therefore, in the process of receiving chain, besides flexibility, the main of SDR is to turn the hardware problems into software problems and allows working in more accessible domain [6].
Software Defined Radio: Principios y aplicaciones básicas Software Defined Radio: Princípios e Aplicações básicas José Raúl Machado-Fernández* Abstract The author makes a review of the SDR (Software Defined Radio) technology, including hardware schemes and application fields. A low performance device is presented and several tests are .
1. Software Defined Radio . Software defined radio system (SDR) is a rapidly evolving technology that is receiving very much recognition and generating interest in the telecommunication industry. Radio systems are being replaced by digital radio systems for various applications in commercial, civilian and military areas.
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Software Defined Radio Measurement Solutions. This paper introduces the Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture and available analysis tools to measure digital, analog and RF sections of a software radio. Yes, keep me updated on the latest products, resources, and events with personalized email updates.
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