NCAUPG March 18, 2016 - Purdue University College Of Engineering
Longitudinal Joints and Indiana Update NCAUPG March 18, 2016 Matt Beeson, P.E. INDOT Office of Materials Management State Materials Engineer
INDOT Joint Specification Joint failures 2010 DOT/Industry Committee
INDOT Joint Specification Construction method specs? Notched wedge Plate Compactors Joint Compactors Industry experience was negative Question of whether density really improved Also constructability questions
INDOT Joint Specification Joint Density specification? More core holes (at the joint!) Taking cores directly over the joint problematic What Gmm to use? Joint isn’t vertical Another pay factor
INDOT Joint Specification Joint Adhesive Hot applied Top two lifts (intermediate and surface) Fog Seal Emulsion 1 ft. on each side of joint
INDOT Joint Specification
Centerline Rumble Stripes
Centerline Rumble Stripes
Centerline Rumble Stripes
Centerline Rumble Stripes
Longitudinal Joints
Longitudinal Joints Better ideas? Still a problem?
What’s going on in Indiana? HMA mixes seem low on binder Why?
Aggregate Gsb 2013 Mix Design review Inflated Gsb values 2014 Designs required to use INDOT Gsb 5 year moving average of data Fixed value for RAP (2.640) Unless outside of 2.600-2.680
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.665 Gmm 2.490 Gmb 2.390 Pb 4.1 VMA 13.6%
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.665 Gmm 2.490 Gmb 2.390 Pb 4.1 VMA 13.6%
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.665 Gmm 2.490 Gmb 2.390 Pb 4.1 VMA 13.6% Gse 2.651
Mix Design Gsb 2.665 Gse 2.651 Pba -0.20%
Mix Design Pba -0.20% Negative Absorption Obviously doesn’t happen Absorption actually happens when mix is produced Where does it come from? The effective asphalt content!
Reality 19.0 mm mixture R eal Gsb 2.600 2.665 Gse 2.651 R eal Pba 0.76% -0.20% R eal VMA 11.8% 13.6%
Reality How much more binder? Incorrect Pba -0.20% Real Pba 0.76% 0.76% - (-0.20%) 0.96% Pb 4.10% 0.96% 5.06% “Binder Deficient” by almost 1.0%
Problem Solved? Gsb list since 2014 Mix design Gsb is much more accurate Another loophole First example – Gsb inflation Next example – Gse deflation
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.600 Gmm 2.430 Gmb 2.332 Pb 4.1 VMA 14.0%
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.600 Gmm 2.430 Gmb 2.332 Pb 4.1 VMA 14.0%
Mix Design 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.600 Gmm 2.430 Gmb 2.330 Pb 4.1 VMA 14.0% Gse 2.579
Mix Design Gsb 2.600 Gse 2.579 Pba -0.32%
Reality 19.0 mm mixture Gsb 2.600 R eal Gse 2.651 R eal Pba 0.76% -0.32% R eal VMA 11.8% 14.0% However, this time, VMA was actually measured in the field as 11.8% Only 10% of pay!
Delta Pb Compute combined H2O absorption Estimated Pba 65% H2O Compare design Pb to estimated Pb We are calling this “Delta Pb” Currently ΔPb 0.4% OK
Statewide Total Binder Content Mean Mean Mean Mean 2013 5.6 9.5 mm 2014 5.8 2015 5.9 2013 5.0 12.5 mm 2014 5.4 2015 5.5 2013 4.4 19.0 mm 2014 4.5 2015 4.8 2013 4.1 25.0 mm 2014 4.2 2015 4.4
Vbe Durability VMA Important Do you really know what your VMA (Vbe) is? Is the Gsb accurate? Does the Gsb match the material used? Is Pba reasonable? Did materials change in production?
What are we doing next? Pay factors rebalance to emphasize VMA Continue using Gsb list for designs Track Gse from design to field If Gse changes, verify Gsb Turns out Gsb testing is reliable from an extracted HMA sample
Extracted Aggregate Gsb Batched 18 samples “Dummy” mix design 2000g stone 1000g sand 4 only -4 only 500g/500g stone sand/nat. sand T84/T85
Extracted Aggregate Gsb 4.5% AC 0, 2, 4, 6 hr. STOA per R 30 Centrifuge extraction w/ TCE Separate 4, -4 Rerun T84/T85
Extracted Aggregate Gsb Total Sample 2.635 2.63 Before Extraction 2.625 No Aging 2.62 No Aging - 1000g Stone Sand No Aging - 500g Stone Sand/500g Natural Sand 2.615 2 Hour Aging 4 Hour Aging 6 Hour Aging 2.61 2.605 2.6 2.6 2.605 2.61 2.615 2.62 After Extraction 2.625 2.63 2.635
Extracted Aggregate Gsb Total Sample 1.45 1.35 Before Extraction 1.25 No Aging No Aging - 1000g Stone Sand 1.15 No Aging - 500g Stone Sand/500g Natural Sand 2 Hour Aging 4 Hour Aging 1.05 6 Hour Aging 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 After Extraction 1.25 1.35 1.45
Extracted Aggregate Gsb 2.800 2.750 Tested 2.700 2.650 2.600 65 designs 137 tests 2.550 2.500 2.500 2.550 2.600 2.650 Expected 2.700 2.750 2.800
Extracted Aggregate Gsb 2.800 2.750 Tested 2.700 2.650 n 2 28 designs 96 tests 2.600 2.550 2.500 2.500 2.550 2.600 2.650 Expected 2.700 2.750 2.800
What are we doing next? We want to measure properties as accurately as possible Air Voids, Density already reliable VMA will now be (more) reliable Further trials with Superpave5 to improve durability Look at performance testing
Questions? Matt Beeson, P.E. State Materials Engineer (317) 610-7251 x204 mbeeson@indot.in.gov
Question of whether density really improved Also constructability questions INDOT Joint Specification Joint Density specification? More core holes (at the joint!) Taking cores directly over the joint problematic What Gmm to use? Joint isn't vertical Another pay factor INDOT Joint Specification Joint Adhesive Hot applied
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