AAC CADET INSTRUCTOR’S HANDBOOK RADIOTELEPHONE
AACCADET L)2006
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AMENDMENT CERTIFICATE1.Proposals for amendments or additions to the text of this pamphlet should be madethrough the normal channels to the sponsor. To facilitate this, there are amendment proposal formsat the back of this publication.2.It is certified that the amendments promulgated in the undermentioned amendment listshave been made in this pamphlet.Amendment ListNumberDateAmended By(Printed Name and Initials)Date ofAmending1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
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PREFACEAimThe aim of this pamphlet is to standardise the radiotelephone (ratel) procedures for operatorsand users throughout the Australian Army including the Australian Army Cadets (AAC).1.ScopeThe pamphlet is designed to ensure maximum compatibility with joint and combinedprocedures without impairing the speed and efficiency of the land force nets.2.3.This pamphlet has been extracted from LWP-G 6-1-4 Radio Communications Procedures(All Corps), 1999 for use by the AAC with sections not applicable left out. The chapter and paragraphnumbering have been left the same for ease of referencing. It has been produced by the Training Cell,HQ NT AAC BN.GenderWords importing gender refer to both male and female, unless specifically statedotherwise.4.AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
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CONTENTSTitle PageAmendment T ONE.BASIC PROCEDURESCHAPTER 1. Security and Discipline1-1Introduction1-2SecurityCommunications Security ProceduresSecurity RulesRadio InterceptionLong-term InformationShort-term InformationAids to SecurityNet Security Measures1-3AccuracyLegibility of Letters and FiguresBasic Rules1-4Radio DisciplineRadio Operator’s LogLog 1.351.361.371.391.421.44Annexes:A.Radio Appointment TitlesB.Military Printing of Letters and FiguresC.Instructions for Maintaining a Radio Operator’s LogD.Sample Operator’s Log EntriesCHAPTER 2.2-12-22-32-42-52-6Electronic WarfareIntroductionElectronic Warfare ActivitiesConduct of Electronic Warfare Activities bythe Australian Defence ForceElectronic SupportElectronic AttackElectronic Disruption to CommunicationsElectronic AttackJammingTypes of Jamming SignalsImitative Communications DeceptionElectronic ProtectionDivisions of Electronic ProtectionCounter-electronic SupportCounter-electronic AttackIdentification of Jamming SignalsCounter-jamming Immediate Action DrillCounter-jamming ProcedureCounter-imitative Communications DeceptionImmediate Action 02.212.212.222.232.242.26AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
CHAPTER 3. The Radio Net3-1The Radio NetDefinitionNet Control StationSub-stations3-2Call-signs, Net Identification Call-signs and Address GroupsCall-signsTactical Call-signsFixed Call-signsCollective Call-signsNet Identification Call-signsAddress GroupsSequence of Call-signs and/or Address GroupsThe Daily 21PART TWO.CHAPTER 4.Standard Radiotelephone ProceduresRadiotelephone Procedures4-1IntroductionAimJoint and Combined ProceduresTypes of Radio (Voice) CommunicationsRadiotelephone ProceduresHow to Speak ClearlyPhonetic AlphabetPronunciation of FiguresRules for Grid ReferencesRules for Mixed GroupsAbbreviations in the TextExpanding 24.134.154.214.224.244.274.284.30Annex:A.Commonly Used ProwordsCHAPTER 5. Calls on Radio Nets5-1Calling and AnsweringCallingAnsweringOrder of AnsweringUnknown Station5-2Types of CallsSingle CallMultiple CallNet CallCollective CallExempt Call5-3Normal and Adverse Working ConditionsAbbreviated ProcedureFull ProcedureReverting to Abbreviated ProcedureAbbreviated Call-signsFull Call-signsFull Procedure and Full 65.175.175.195.205.215.225.23AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
CHAPTER 6. Establishing a Net6-1General InstructionsPreliminary InstructionsTuning the RadioSelecting the FrequencyInitial CallAmplifying Report6-2No Contact ProcedureImmediate Action DrillProcedure6.1CHAPTER 7.7.17-17-27-37-47-57-67-7Normal ProcedureIntroductionInformal MessagesFormal MessagesArranging a Voice ConversationProcedureTransmission of MessagesOffering a MessageIndicating Precedence in an OfferPause in TransmissionLong Message ProcedureProcedureCorrections and RepetitionsCorrection During TransmissionRepetitionsChecking the Group Count, Questioning DoubtfulPortions and VerificationsChecking the Group CountQuestioning Doubtful PortionsVerificationsAcknowledging, Cancelling of Messages andDo Not AnswerAcknowledgement of MessagesCancelling MessagesDo Not AnswerClear ProcedureCHAPTER 8. Procedures for Bad Working Conditions8-1Free and Directed NetFree NetDirected NetProwordsDirected Net – Replies by ControlFormal Traffic8-2Delegating, Assuming and Resuming ControlDelegating ControlAssuming ControlResuming ControlFormation NetsLeaving the Radio8-3Read Back ProcedureProcedure8-4Words Twice Procedure8-5Relay ProcedureRelayRelay ToThrough MeRelay 238.248.268.278.338.368.398.408.418.43AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
CHAPTER 9. Communication Drills - Voice9-1Emission Control9-2Imposing, Lifting and Breaking Radio SilenceBreaking Electronic Silence9-3Emergency Silence9-4Changing FrequencySecurity ChangeTechnical and Tactical ChangeNo ContactTransmission of Frequencies in ClearChanging Frequencies in Insecure Mode9-5Joining a Working NetProcedureTime ChecksProcedure9-7Closing DownProcedureCHAPTER .369.379.399.399.469.479.519.52Formal Message ProcedureGeneral InstructionsTypes of Formal MessagesPrecedenceSecurity ClassificationBasic Message FormatParts of a MessageSchematic DiagramFormat Line 1 – The OfferFormat Lines 2 and 3 – The Call and Calling StationFormat Line 4 – Transmission InstructionsFormat Line 5 – The PreambleFormat Lines 6, 7, 8 and 9 – The Address componentFormat Line 10 – Group CountFormat Line 11 – The SeparationFormat Line 12 – The TextFormat Line 13 – The SeparationFormat Line 14 – Time GroupFormat Line 15 – The Final InstructionsFormat Line 16 – The EndingOffering a Formal MessageBefore TransmittingThe OfferTransmitting a Formal MessageTransmissionDual PrecedenceCodress Transmission 010.4110.4110.4310.4410.4410.5010.51Annexes:A. Rules for the Use of PrecedenceB. Schematic Outline of a Message FormatCHAPTER 11. Retransmission11-1 Retransmission Procedure – Secure and Non-secureIntroductionRetransmission ProwordsPrinciplesAutomatic RetransmissionCeasing of Automatic RetransmissionHF/VHF and HF/HF Manual Retransmission11-2 Multiple Retransmission EngineeringCall-signsEstablishing Multiple RetransmissionMonitoring of Retransmission FacilityRetransmission 1.1411.1711.18AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
Proving RetransmissionStation Responsibilities11.1911.21Annex:ARetransmission Fault Isolation and ageAn Example of Military Printing of Letters and FiguresThe Layout of a Simple Radio Net Consisting theNet Control Station and Four Sub-stationsRadio Net DiagramMultiple Retransmission – One Retransmission Site onOne LegMultiple Retransmission Through MultipleRetransmission Sites on One 1-611-7PageRadio Appointment TitlesLogging AbbreviationsOperator’s Log EntriesStandard Interference and Jamming W arningReport Format InformationThe Phonetic AlphabetPronouncing NumeralsExamples of Numeral TransmissionsProwordsEstablishing a Net (Initial Call)Establishing a Net (Amplifying Report)Time and FrequencyProwords Used in Relay ProcedureEmission Control Message FormatsRules for the Use of PrecedenceSchematic Outline of a Message FormatRetransmission ProwordsOrder to Change to Retransmission FrequencyOrder to Switch EquipmentCessation of RetransmissionFault Finding and Rectification: Non-secureRAVEN Retransmission Using WD-1/TTFault Finding and Rectification: RAVEN RetransmissionUsing Cable CX-F208Fault Finding and Rectification: RAVEN RetransmissionUsing Retransmission Unit HF/VHF, RN-F300 C-110A-110B-111-211-311-411-511A-111A-211A-3AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
GLOSSARYThe terms listed below are used in this pamphlet. Definitions which appear in AustralianDefence Force Publication 101 – Glossary or other joint force and allied communications publicationsare shown verbatim in normal type. The definitions or portions of definitions shown below in italicshave not been accepted for joint Services use.Action Addressee. The activity or individual to whom a message is directed by the originator foraction.Address Group. A group of four letters assigned to represent command(s), authority(ies),activity(ies), unit(s), or geographic location(s) used primarily for the addressing ofcommunications.Address Indicator Group. An address group which represents a specific set of action and/orinformation addressees. The identity of the originator may also be included.Addressee. The activity or individual to whom a message is directed by the originator.Addressees are indicated as either ‘action’ or ‘information’.Alternate Frequency. The spare frequency which is used when the primary frequencybecomes unusable for any reason.Antenna. Any structure or device used to collect or radiate electromagnetic waves.Beadwindow Procedure. Beadwindow procedure is used by operators to police the security ofinsecure voice radio nets.Call. A transmission made for the purpose of identifying the transmitting station and thestation for which the transmission is intended.Call-sign. Any combination of characters or pronounceable words which identify a communicationfacility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing and maintainingcommunications.Called Station. The station to which a transmission is directed.Calling Station. The station initiating a transmission.Challenge. Any process carried out by one unit or person with the objective of ascertaining thefriendly or hostile character or identity of another. The answer to a challenge is a reply.Cipher. Any cryptographic system in which arbitrary symbols or groups of symbols representunits of plain text of regular length. The cryptographic system usually comprises single letters or unitsof plain text which are rearranged, or indeed, both used in accordance with certainpredetermined rules.Circuit Discipline. The component of transmission security which includes the proper use ofcommunications equipment, the adherence to the prescribed frequencies and operationprocedure, remedial action, net control, monitoring and training.Clear Text. Text or language which conveys an intelligible meaning in the language in which it iswritten with no hidden meaning: clear text is the intelligible text underlying encrypted text.Code-word. A word which has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning tosafeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. A cryptonym isused to identify sensitive intelligence data.Codress Message. A type of message in which the entire address is contained only within theencrypted text.AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
Communications Security. The protection resulting from the application of cryptographicsecurity, transmission security and emission security measures to telecommunications and fromthe application of physical security measures to communications security (comsec) information. Thesemeasures are taken to deny information of value to unauthorised persons which might be derivedfrom the possession and study of such telecommunications, or to ensure the authenticity of suchtelecommunications.Cryptographic Security. That component of communications security which results from theprovision of technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use.Cryptogram. An encrypted communication in visible writing.Deception. In electronic warfare, the deliberate radiation, reradiation, alteration, or reflection ofelectromagnetic energy in a manner intended to mislead an enemy in the interpretation or use ofinformation received by electronic systems.Decode. To convert encoded text into its equivalent plain text by means of a code. (This doesnot include solution by cryptanalysis.)Decrypt. To convert a cryptogram into plain text by a reversal of the encryption process.Directed Net. In a directed net, stations obtain permission from the net control station prior tocommunicating with other stations in the net.Drill. Drill messages are those intended for training communications personnel. Drill messagesare identified by the inclusion of the word ‘DRILL’ at the beginning and end of the text.Dummy Load. A dissipative impedance-matched network used at the end of a transmission lineto absorb all incident power, usually converted to heat.Electronic Attack. That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to prevent orreduce any enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electronic attack includesjamming and deception, and is the offensive component of electronic warfare.Electronic Jamming. The deliberate radiation, reradiation or reflection of electromagneticenergy with the object of impairing the use of electronic devices, equipment or systems being usedby an enemy.Electronic Protective Measures. That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken toensure friendly, effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy’s use ofelectronic warfare.Electronic Silence. A period during which all or certain equipment which is capable ofelectromagnetic radiation are kept inoperative. The following equipment may be affected:a. communication equipment,b. radars and surveillance devices,c. infra-red and electronic countermeasure equipment, andd. beacons.Electronic Warfare. Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy,to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy.Electronic Support. That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to search for,intercept, locate, record and analyse radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of exploitingsuch radiations in support of military operations.Emergency Silence. A measure imposed to enforce transmission security.Encode. To convert a plain text message into its coded form. That section of the code book inwhich the plain text equivalents of the code groups are in alphabetical, numerical or systematicorder.AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
Encrypt. To convert a plain text message into disguised form by means of a cryptosystem.NOTE: The term ‘encrypt’ covers the meanings of ‘encipher’ and ‘encode’.Exercise. Messages sent during and relating to training exercises are exercise messages andare prepared and handled in the same manner as normal traffic except that the exerciseidentification, preceded by the word ‘EXERCISE’, is to be inserted by the originator as the firstword of the message.Formal Message. A registered message written on a message form.Formatted Message Text. A message text composed of several sets ordered in a specifiedsequence, each set characterised by an identifier and containing information of a specified type,coded and arranged in an ordered sequence of character fields in accordance with theAustralian Defence Formatted Message System formatting rules. It is designed to permit bothmanual and automated handling and processing.Free Net. The net control station authorises sub-stations to transmit traffic to other stations in thenet without obtaining prior permission.Frequency Designator. A frequency designator is a random group comprising a combination ofthree characters which changes daily.Informal Message. A short, unregistered message, either verbal or consisting only of written text,of which no file copy is kept.Listening Watch. A continuous receiver watch established for the reception of trafficaddressed to, or of interest to, own unit, with complete log optional.Low-grade Cryptographic System. A system designed to provide temporary security.Meaconing. A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the samefrequency to confuse navigation. The meaconing stations cause inaccurate bearings to be obtained byaircraft or ground stations.Message. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain, coded or secret language,prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication.Message Text. That part of a message which contains the thoughts or ideas which the originatorintends to convey to the addressee. It may also contain instructions for the receiving agency toensure special handling or disposal of the message.Net Call-sign. A call-sign which represents all stations within a net.Net (Communications). An organisation of stations capable of direct communications on acommon channel or frequency.Net Control Station. A station designated to control traffic and enforce circuit discipline within agiven communications net.Nickname. Words assigned formally or informally by any appropriate authority to an event,project, manoeuvre, exercise, test or other activity for purposes other than to provide security.NODUF. The term used during exercises and training to denote a real incident rather than exerciseplay.Operator’s Log. (See Radio Log.)Originator. The command by whose authority a message is sent. The originator is alsoresponsible for the functions of the drafter and releasing officer.Precedence. A designation assigned to a message by the originator to indicate to communicationspersonnel the relative order of handling and to the addressee the order in which the message is to benoted.AAC Cadet Instructor’s Handbook – RATELJanuary 06
Primary Frequency. A frequency assigned for normal use on a particular net on which the netcontrol station is operating and on which the net would operate if retransmission were not inuse.Procedure Word (Proword). A word or phrase limited to radiotelephone procedure and used inlieu of a prosign (used in ratg).Radio Direction Finding. The procedure by which only the direction of a station is determined bymeans of its emissions.Radio Log. A chronological record of events relating to the operation of a particular circuit.Radio Silence. A condition in which all or certain radio equipment capable of radiation is keptinoperative.Radio Telegraphy. The transmission of telegraphic codes by means of radio.Radio Telephony. The transmission of speech by means of modulated radio waves.Retransmission. Signals received at a station are retransmitted simultaneously, on a differentfrequency, in a retransmission system. The connection between the receiver and thetransmitter, at the retransmission location, is by line and may be automatically or manually controlled.Security Classification. A category or grade assigned to Defence information or materiel toindicate the degree of danger to NATO/national security that would result from its unauthoriseddisclosure and the standard of protection required to guard against unauthorised disclosure.Signal Operating Instructions. Signal operating instructions contain frequently changinginf
Call-signs 3.6 Tactical Call-signs 3.10 Fixed Call-signs 3.12 Collective Call-signs 3.13 Net Identification Call-signs 3.15 Address Groups 3.18 Sequence of Call-signs and/or Address Groups 3.20 The Daily Change 3.2
Standing/Parking JO 13 AAC 02.372(d) Stop/Stand in Bus Stop/Taxi Stand 10 13 AAC 02.377(c-f) Parking Meter Violations 7 13 AAC 02.395(b-e) Special Bicycle Violations 20 13 AAC 02.400(a-h) Riding Bicycles on Roadways/ Bike Paths 20 13 AAC 02.420(a-c) Parking of Bicycles 10 13 AAC 02.425(a-d) Special Moto
CAP Cadet Flight C/Maj Michael Lucero PCR AK 071 1,000 CAP Cadet Flight C/2dLt Joseph Mccollum NER PA 337 1,000 CAP Cadet Flight C/2dLt Laurel Munger MER VA 088 1,000 CAP Cadet Flight C/2dLt Timothy Richner NCR MO 139 1,000 CAP Cadet Flight C/1stLt Ayaan Shaikh GLR MI 202 1,000 CAP Cadet Flight C/MSgt Garrett West PCR WA 002 1,000
AAC service delivery process must honor these values. Evidence-based practice provides the principles and process to honor and adhere to the goals, values, and expectations of individuals who benefit from AAC. A Model for AAC Evidence-Based Practice AAC evidence-based practice (EBP) requires the collection, evaluation, and integration of the best
The MYTHS of AAC Myths of AAC (Romski & Sevcik 2005) Myth 1: AAC is a Last Resort Do NOT wait until students fail AAC should be introduced early so children will learn language and be able to interact better . Milestones AGE WORDS 1-1.5 years Toddlers develop approximately 20 words 2
(AAC, también conocido como Applied Behavior Analysis, o ABA, por sus siglas en inglés). Ha sido creado para mejorar su comprensión del AAC, exponer cómo éste puede beneficiar a su hijo, e informarle sobre dónde/cómo puede obtener servicios de AAC. ¿QUÉ SIGNIFICA AAC? Las siglas "AAC" significan Análisis Aplicado de la Conducta .
U.S. NAVAL SEA CADET CORPS ADULT LEADER APPLICATION U.S. NAVY LEAGUE CADET CORPS DECLARATIONS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 10. AGREEMENTS I consent to the following as being a member of the U.S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps/Navy League Cadet Corps (hereinafter referred to as NSCC/NLCC) and in consideration for my acceptance of membership.
a. Each Cadet and each alien student authorized to participate in the Advanced Course may be furnished an issue or Cadet-type uniform as determined by Commander, U.S. Army Cadet Command. Educational institutions which provide Cadet-type uniforms or desire to purchase issue type uniforms from Army or commercial sources
AP 4232 Pass/No Pass AAC AS AP 4235 Credit by Examination IIA AAC AS AP 4236 Advanced Placement Credit AAC AS AP 4240 Academic Renewal AAC AS AP 4250 Probation, Dismissal, Disqualification, and . AP 6750 Parking VPSS N/A AP 6800 Safety IIIB VPBAS N/A AP 6805 Service Animals on Ca
